ACOLOGY PRO

ARM JEC
PH T

Drugs Acting
on the
Endocrine System
ALLIYAH M. ALVARAN
SUBMMITED BY:

Alliyah M. Alvaran
SUBMITTED TO:

Ms. Jenelyn A. Ojoylan

 Hypothalamic Agents
It can inhibit or stimulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary using hormones or
Action: factors.

Uses: It is used as a treatment for precocious puberty, endometriosis, and advanced prostate cancer.

Agonists: increased release of sex hormones, ovarian overstimulation, flushing, increased

temperature and appetite, fluid retention
Side Effects: Antagonists: decreased testosterone level, loss of energy, decreased sperm count and activity,
alterations in secondary sex characteristics, fluid and electrolyte changes, insomnia, irritability

Nursing Monitor closely for adverse effect associated with changes in endocrine function particularly growth,
Considerations development and metabolism.

Drugs Agonists like goserelin, histrelin, leuprolide, and nafarelin.

 Pituitary Agents
It include drugs affecting anterior and further divided into growth hormone agonists and growth
Action: hormone antagonists and posterior pituitary hormones.

It is used as replacement therapy, for diagnostic purposes, and for blocking the effects of anterior
Uses: pituitary hormones.

Side Effects: GI: abdominal cramps, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dry mouth.

Assess for contraindications or cautions examples are history of allergy, pregnancy and serious
infection after open heart surgery to avoid adverse effects.
Nursing
Assess height, weight, thyroid function tests, glucose tolerance tests, and GH levels to determine
Considerations baseline status before beginning therapy and for any potential adverse effects.

Drugs Somatropin, Bromocriptine, Somatuline Depot and Sandostatin.

 Adrenocortical Agents
They bind to cytoplasmic receptors of target cells to form complex reactions needed to reduce
Action: inflammation, they limit the activity of lymphocytes to act within the immune system and Lastly, they
inhibit the spread of phagocytes to the bloodstream and injured tissues.

It's used for replacement therapy to maintain hormone levels when adrenal glands are not functioning
Uses: adequately.

• CNS: headache, weakness.

Side Effects: • CV: edema, hypertension, heart failure,
• Others: possible hypokalemia, allergic reactions from skin rash to anaphylaxis.

Assess weight; temperature; orientation and affect; grip strength; eye examination; blood pressure,
Nursing pulse, peripheral perfusion, and vessel evaluation; respiration and adventitious breath sounds;
Considerations glucose tolerance, renal function, serum electrolytes to determine baseline status before beginning
therapy and for any potential adverse effects.

Drugs Rhinocort, Decadron, Cortef and Medrol

 Thyroid Agents
It's used to block the production of thyroid hormone and treat hyperthyroidism. This include
Action: thioamides and iodide solutions. These groups of drugs are not chemically related but they both block
the formation of thyroid hormones within the thyroid gland.

It's used as short-term treatment to suppress immune system in patients with inflammatory
Uses: disorders. They are also used for replacement therapy to maintain hormone levels when adrenal
glands are not functioning adequately.

Thioamides: drowsiness, lethargy, bradycardia, nausea, skin rash.

Side Effects: PTU: nausea, vomiting, GI complaints, severe liver toxicity.
Methimazole: bone marrow suppression.

Nursing When administering thyroid replacement medications, the nurse should plan to monitor TSH levels
before and during therapy for effectiveness. Drug interactions may occur with several other
Considerations medications, so review drug labeling information carefully before administering.

Drugs Propylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole also known as Tapazole.

 Parathyroid Agents
Action: It's used to treat disorders that affect serum calcium levels.

It's used to treat disorders that affect serum calcium levels. This can be either antihypocalcemic
Uses: agent or antihypercalcemic agent.

· Bisphosphonates: headache, nausea, diarrhea

Side Effects: · Calcitonins: flushing of the face and hands, skin rash, nausea and vomiting

Nursing Assess skin lesions; orientation and affect; liver evaluation; serum calcium, magnesium, and alkaline
phosphate levels; and radiographs of bones as appropriate, to determine baseline status before
Considerations beginning therapy and for any potential adverse effects.

Drugs Bisphosphonates and Calcitonin salmon.

 Antidiabetic Drugs
These agents work by closing potassium channels on the surface of beta cells, which causes an influx
Action: of calcium ions into the cells and a consequent outflow of insulin from cellular storage vesicles.

Uses: It's used to stabilise and control blood glucose levels amongst people with diabetes.

Hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, GI upset, nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, heartburn, and allergic skin
Side Effects: reaction.

Nursing
Diabetic patients should be continuously monitored for signs of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
Considerations

Drugs Biguanides, Sulfonylureas, Meglitinide, and Thiazolidinedion.

 IYAH M. ALVAR
ALL AN

Thank You
BSN 2C - ORLANDO