Royal College - Colombo 07

Grade 12 01 E II
Final Term test – November 2022
Physics II
Time : 3 hours

Name :- ................................................................. class : -.................. Index no :- ..........................

Important :
For Examiner's use only
 The question paper consists of 11
For the second paper
pages
 The question paper comprises Part Question nos. Marks
Part A and Part B. The time
allotted for both part in 2 hours 1
and 15 minutes.
 Use of calculators is not allowed 2
A
Part A - Structured Essay 3
(07 pages)
Answer all the questions on this 4
paper itself. Write your answers
in this spaces provided is 5
sufficient for your answers and
that extensive are not expected.
6
Part B - Essay B
(04 pages) 7
This part contains three
questions. Use the papers 8
supplied for this purpose. At the
end of the time allotted for this
paper, tie the two papers so that Total
Part A is on top of Part B before
handing them over to the
Supervisor.
You are permitted to remove only
Part B of the question paper Final Marks
from Examination hall. In numbers
g = 10 Nkg–1 In words

Royal College – Colombo 07 1 Grade 12  Physics II/ 2022 November

 Part A – Structured Essay
Answer all the question.

1. Following diagram shows a travelling microscope which use for activities in school laboratory
identifies the following labeled parts.

E -
F -
G -
H -
I-

b. In this travelling microscope main scaled

labeled by 1/2mm units. Vernier scale is
designed by 49 units of main scale. Units divided
in to 50 equal units.
i. What is the length of one vernier unit? ……………………………….
ii. What is the least Count? ………………………………………………
c. Once before start to use travelling microscope, student noted that relevant vernier scale not
moving while rotating horizontal fine tuning screw. Explain the for above incident.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
d. Identify the objective lens and eye
piece lens in following microscope.

i. How do you identify whether cross wires

properly calibrated?
…………………………………………………
…………….
…………………………………………………
…………….
2. The following images obtained by student on the cross wires while getting measurements for
internal diameter of capillary tube. (Not in order). Identify them according to relevant lable.

Royal College – Colombo 07 2 Grade 12  Physics II/ 2022 November

ii. Following two measurements were obtained while measuring internal diameter of capillary tube.
Write down the readings.

…………………… ……………….

iii. Calculate the internal diameter of capillary tube.

………………………………………………………
iv. Explain the accuracy of above methodology.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
v. How to oberue no 125 on cross wires if you observe it through telescope.

…………………………………………………….
f. Student suggestsfindingan internal diameter of capillary tube by inserting mercury column to
the capillary.

i. What should do by the student before inserting mercury to the capillary?

………………………………………………………………………………………
If mass of empty capillary tube m1, mass of the capillary tube after inserting mercury m2 length of the
mercury column (R2-R1) and density of mercury ρ
ii. Write a expression for diameter of capillary tube.

……………………………………………..
iii. What is the advantage of above method than e (ii)

……………………………………………………………………….
iv. Write down on difficulty you faced in above method.

………………………………………………………………………..

Royal College – Colombo 07 3 Grade 12  Physics II/ 2022 November

(2) (a) You have to determine the relative density of coconut oil using zUZ
tube in the school laboratory. You have been supplied below items for
this.

1) "U" tube fixed to a vertical stand.

2) Two half meter rulers.
3) Small beaker with water
4) small beaker with coconut oil
5) small funnel

(i) Draw a practical set up and name it.

(ii) Clearly draw the common interface and mark it on above(a) (i)
figure.
(iii) In the above figure mark the height of coconut oil column as h0 and the height of water column
as hw.

(iv) How do you fix the two half meter rulers to the U tube?

............................................................................................................................................

(v) Which liquid should you put into the "U" tube first? Water or coconut oil? Write down
the reason for your choice?…………………………………………
............................................................................................................................................

(vi) What is the precaution that should be taken to avoid air bubbles entering the U tube when
inserting coconut oil?

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(vii) Which item should be used to avoid parallax error when measuring the height of liquid
columns?
............................................................................................................................................

(b) (i) Write down the principle needed to construct the theory of this practical.

............................................................................................................................................
(ii) If the atmospheric pressure isP0, the density of water isρw and the density of coconut oil
is ρ0, write down an expression including P0, ρw, ρ0 , hw and h0. g = gravitational acceleration.

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(iii) Obtain an equation forhw by using above (b) (ii) expression.

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Royal College – Colombo 07 4 Grade 12  Physics II/ 2022 November

(iv) Which variables should be used as dependent variable and independent variable to determine
the density of coconut oil by using above obtained(b) (iii) expression.
independent variable ( ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
dependent variable ( ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(v) Draw a rough sketch of the above graph. Name the two axis.

(vi) If the gradient of the above graph is0.80, what is the density
of coconut oil? (Density of water is 1000kgm−1)

............................................................................................................................................
(c) (i) Should the cross sectional areas of the arms of theU tube be equal? Explain.
............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Is this method suitable to determine the density of mercury. Explain.

............................................................................................................................................
(iii) If the height of the water column from the common interface is4 cm, what is the needed height
of the coconut oil column to decrease the common interface downwards by 1 cm ?
............................................................................................................................................
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(3) You have to plan a practical in the school laboratory to determine the gravitational acceleration
using simple pendulum. You have been supplied with a stand, a simple pendulum with a bob and a
pointer.
(a) (i) What are the other measuring instruments needed for this practical?

.............................................................................................................
...............................
.............................................................................................................
...............................
(ii) Mark the correct position where the pointer should
be placed in this practical.
(iii) You have given two spheres of same radius. One is a wooden
sphere and the other one is a metal sphere. Which one do you
choose for this practical?
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Write down the reason for the above selection.
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''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Royal College – Colombo 07 5 Grade 12  Physics II/ 2022 November

(iv) If the radius of the pendulum is r and the hanging length of the part of the string is l , write
down a expression for the periodic time of the simple pendulum using l, g and r.
............................................................................................................................................
(v) There is an idea to
determine the gravitational acceleration using a graphical method. Re-arrange the above
statement as y = mx + c.
...........................................................................................................
.................................
...........................................................................................................
.................................
Draw the expected graph in the given grid. Mark the axis and units.

(vi) If
the gradient of the graph is0.04 m−1 s2 , calculate the gravitational acceleration.

............................................................................................................................................
(vii) If
the intercept of the graph is8 x 10−4 s2 , calculate the radius of the sphere.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(b) If the least count of the apparatus used in this practical is 0.5 s, the periodic time for one
oscillation is 2 s, what is the minimum number of oscillations that should be taken in order not to
exceed 1% percentage error?

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........................................................................................................................................................
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(4) A group of students are planning to determine the frequency of a tuning fork of unknown
frequency using the sonometer in the school laboratory.
A wire under tension passing through a pulley which is fixed on a wooden box with holes is used
for this activity.

(a) (i) Why is the wooden box with holes

used for the sonometer?
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''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''

Royal College – Colombo 07 6 Grade 12  Physics II/ 2022 November

(ii) If the sonometer wire is vibrated perpendicularly, which type of waves are transmitted along the
wire?
............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Write downan expression for the velocity of sound V using the mass per unit length of the wire
m, the applied masses M and the gravitational acceleration g.

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(iv) How does it form a stationary wave when vibrating the part of the wire which is in between the
two knife edges?

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............................................................................................................................................

(v) If the length between two knife edges is resonated with fundamental and the length between the
knife edges isl, obtain an expression for the fundamental frequency f0 by using above (a) (iii)
expression.

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'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

(b) (i) How do you place the vibrated tunning

fork of unknown frequency on the sonometer?
Then draw the wave pattern of the fundamental
mode between the knife edges of the given
figure.

(ii) Various overtones can be created with this tuning fork. What is the method to follow up to
obtain the fundamental mode?

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............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Write down the method you should follow up to obtain the resonance length for the
fundamental with special observations.

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Royal College – Colombo 07 7 Grade 12  Physics II/ 2022 November

 (iv) Take the independent variable asM and the fundamental resonance length asl , rearrange the
above (a) (iv) expression to plot a graph. Write down the dependent variable.

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(v) Draw a rough sketch of the graph you obtained when the above (a) (iv) variables are used.

(vi) Explain how you obtain the frequency of the tuning

fork when the gradient of the graph is G.

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(vii) If the mass per unit length of the wire used above is given as4 x 10−5 kg m−1 and the
gravitational acceleration is 10 ms−2 , calculate the frequency of the tuning fork.

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(viii) If the wire used in the sonometer has a higher diameter than the previous one, a student says the
gradient obtained when drawing the above (b) (v) graph would be changed. Justify this statement.
Draw the new graph in the above grid and name it as P.

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(ix) Write down another method to identify the fundamental mode.

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Royal College – Colombo 07 8 Grade 12  Physics II/ 2022 November

All Rights

Royal College - Colombo 07

Grade 12
Third Term test – November 2022
01 E II
Physics II
Time : 3 hours

Answer all the questions.

(5) a) Write down the principle of conservation of linear momentum.

b) When a bullet releases from a gun, the quick backward movement of the gun is known as
the recoil of the gun and the backward velocity is known as the velocity of recoil.
i) Obtain an expression for the velocity of recoil of the gun (v) when the mass of the gun
is M, the mass of the bullet is m and its velocity is u.
ii) A certain gun of mass 1 kg releases 40 g bullet with a velocity of 200 ms −1. Calculate
the velocity of recoil of the gun.
iii) If the above bullet releases with 200 ms−1 velocity in upward direction which is 60°
inclined to the horizontal, calculate,
I) The maximum height reached by the bullet.
II. The maximum horizontal range of the bullet.
c) Below figure shows a trainee shooter
directing the gun to a target X which is
at a distance of 4 m from him and is 5
m above ground level. Consider the
height of the trainee is 1 m. If the
bullet releases from the gun with a
velocity of 200 ms−1 , does the
bullet reach X target? Justify your
answer with a calculation.

d) i) Define the centre of mass.

ii) The above bullet C breaks into two parts as A and B at a point in the path of the bullet.
Part A falls at the feet of the trainee. The ratio of the mass of A and B is 1 : 2. If the A
and B parts fall to the ground at the same time, calculate the distance from the initial
point to the point where part B falls to the ground. = 3.16
e) In ancient times the various types of catapults were used in warfare. Below figure (1) shows
a setup used for that. Great destruction can be caused by using this, by throwing huge stones
or spheres at enemy’s fortifications. The spring shown in figure (1) can be stretched as
shown in figure (2). Then the elastic potential energy stored in it converts to kinetic energy
to project the sphere to a great distance with high velocity.

Royal College – Colombo 07 9 Grade 12  Physics II/ 2022 November

 4m
600 4m

3m 3
Figure 1 mFigure 2

ÿkak we§ fkdue;s wjia:dj ÿkak we§ we;s wjia:dj

i) Calculate extension of the spring using above two diagrams.

ii) Calculate the elastic potential energy stored in the spring shown to the figure (2).
k=200Nm-1.
iii) Calculate the releasing velocity of the sphere if 80% of the elastic potential energy
stored in the spring converts to kinetic energy. (Mass of the sphere = 5 kg).
iv) What is the distance a sphere can be shot at a fortification? Consider that the sphere is
released when the system is in a vertical position. √37.11=6.1, √3=1.7, √38.72=6.2,
Sin 60=0.87.

(6) Ice is slippery. This is because the friction being reduced due to a small amount of water layer
which is deposited on this layer of ice acting as a lubricant liquid.
Skating on ice is very attractive. But it is very difficult to do as the friction on ice is very low.
Frequent practicing and skill is needed to do various movements while maintaining the body
equilibrium.
A sharp blade is fixed on the heel of the shoes of the ice skater.
The skater gets the needed friction by digging this blade on
ice. She obtains the initial motion by pushing the floor
backwards and she pushes the blade tightly in to the floor if
she needs to decrease the velocity, to change the positions
or when she needs to stop.

a) i) The friction on the ice is very low. Write down the reason
for this.
ii) A ice skater who is dancing on ice needs more friction at
some main instances. Write down two of those instances.
iii) Explain briefly how she obtains the needed force to move
forward when starting.
iv) Which Newton's law is compatible with the force created on above part (iii)?
v) How does the shoes worn provide the needed friction for the motion?
vi) Mark the vertical forces acting on the ice skater.
(Copy the diagram onto your answer script)

Royal College – Colombo 07 10 Grade 12  Physics II/ 2022 November

 vii) The mass of the ice skater is 60 kg. The coefficient of
the dynamic friction of the ice dug by the blade is
0.03. Calculate the dynamic frictional force acting on
the ice skater.

b) i) An ice skater who is in a circular motion moving in a circular path of radius 5 m has an
angular velocity of 0.40 rev s–1 (number of turns per second). Calculate her velocity
(Take π = 3)
ii) Calculate the rotational kinetic energy if she moves
with ω = 0.40 rev s–1 (number of turns per second)
uniform angular velocity. (The moment of inertia (I),
of an object of mass m moving in a circular path of r
2
radius r is mr )
iii) What is the force acting towards the centre on the ice
skater of above (i)?

c) If the time taken to increase the angular velocity from 0.40 rev s–1 to 0.52 rev s–1 is 4s,
calculate the angular acceleration.
d) What is the torque acting around the centre if the ice skater accelerates in a circular path?
e) What is the work done if she moves 10 turns on this circular path?
f) i) Write down the principle of conservation of angular momentum.
ii) When she stretches her hands and rotates around herself, her angular velocity is
ω1 = 2.5 rev s–1 and the moment of inertia of her is I1 = 0.40 kg m2. What is the change
of positions should she do without any external torque to obtain a higher velocity?

iii) If the angular velocity obtained in above (b) (ii) is 4 rev s–1 ,
what is the moment of inertia?
g) This dance is done on a horizontal ice floor but cannot be done on an
inclined plane. Write down the reason for this.

(7) The waves are needed to interchange messages. Light waves are needed to see objects. To hear
sounds, sound waves are needed. The waves, which transmit energy from one point to another
point is known as travelling waves.
The waves can be classified as longitudinal waves and transvers waves by considering the
propagation of the waves and the direction of particle vibration. Waves can be classified as
mechanical waves and non-mechanical waves also.
Below figure shows an instance of longitudinal waves created due to the vibration of a tuning
fork.

Royal College – Colombo 07 11 Grade 12  Physics II/ 2022 November

 a) What is meant by a longitudinal wave?
b) From P, Q, R and S, which one
represents the rarefaction according to
the standard method of a wave?
c) In which area is P located?
d) i) If the frequency of the tuning fork is 660 Hz, velocity of air is 330 ms−1, what is the
distance between R and S in cm.
ii) What do you mean by a transverse wave?
iii) When an instance of a wave is created in a pond, small piece of wood is oscillated with
20 cm amplitude.
a) Draw the wave created in the pond and mark the amplitude, a crest and a trough.
b) If the floating small piece of wood goes up and down 30 times during 1 minute,
calculate the maximum velocity of the small piece of wood in ms−1 (Take π = 3)
c) What is the maximum acceleration of the small piece of wood? (Take π = 3).
iv) A slinky as well as the ripple tank can be used to demonstrate the properties of waves.
a) From the above two apparatus, one can be used to demonstrate the longitudinal
waves as well as the transverse waves? What is that apparatus?
b) Figure shows a rough sketch of a ripple tank.

The distance from the bulb to the tank is 30

cm and the distance from the tank to the
screen is 50 cm. The distance between two
adjacent bright lines is 3.2 cm and the
velocity of water waves inside the tank is 6
ms−1, what is the frequency of the vibrator?
c) What is the precaution taken for preventing the reflection of waves from the walls of
the ripple tank?

(8) Figure shows a relevant sketch of transmitting a radio program.

The microphone converts into electric

waves the sound waves created in front of
it. Those waves known as Audible
frequency waves because they are in the
range of 20 Hz to 20000 Hz. These
Audible frequency waves are amplified and
mixed with a Radio wave of frequency 100
MHz. These mixed wave is a Radio
frequency electric wave and transmits to the space by using an open conductor (using an
antenna) due to its high frequency. This transmitted wave is an Electromagnetic wave and its
velocity is 3 × 108 ms−1.

Royal College – Colombo 07 12 Grade 12  Physics II/ 2022 November

 i) What is the energy conversion done by the microphone?
ii) Name an apparatus in the lab which can be used to observe the sound waves generated by
the microphone.
iii) What is the wave length, of a wave with 990 Hz frequency when it reaches the
microphone? Velocity of sound in air 330 ms−1.

iv) Explain how to change the below given characteristics of a wave by using an audible
frequency signal generator (part A) shown in the above figure.
a) frequency −
b) amplitude of the wave −
c) quality of sound −

v) What is the wave length of the transmitted electromagnetic wave in space?

vi) The above mentioned wave can be heard by converting it again to an Audible frequency
wave using a radio. Which part of the radio, will convert it to a sound wave?
vii) If the power of the sound wave generating apparatus is 0.6 N, calculate the sound
intensity and the intensity level at a distance of 10 m from this apparatus.
viii) The reflection, refraction and the diffraction can be given as instances where the
frequency does not change. But, there are some instances where the frequency of a wave
change.

a) i) What is the Doppler’s effect?

ii) Write down two instances of using the Doppler's effect.

b)
Figure shows two paths on a ground.
BEFC path is a semicircular path and it's
centre is X.
i) A motor car is moving along
ABEFCD road with constant velocity,
sounding it's horn with frequency fo.
Draw a rough sketch of the detected
frequency at X with time.
ii) If the above motor car is moving along ABXCD straight road, draw a rough sketch of
the detected frequency at X with time.

c) i) The driver of a motor car sounds it's horn with a frequency of fo and moves with u
velocity towards a huge wall. The driver can hear the beats caused by the interference of
the reflection of the wave and the sound of the horn f0. If the velocity of sound in air is
V, write down an equation for the beat frequency heard by the driver of the motor car.
ii) Explain how sounds are created when whips are cracked by the whip crackers.

Royal College – Colombo 07 13 Grade 12  Physics II/ 2022 November