John Deere Standard

APPROVED FOR SUPPLIER

DISTRIBUTION JDM B3

Gray (Flake Graphite) Cast Irons — Specification

Table of Contents
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 3
2 Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................................................ 3
3 Designations ......................................................................................................................................... 3
4 Mechanical Property Requirements ..................................................................................................... 7
5 Standard Test Bars............................................................................................................................... 8
6 Test Bar Property Requirements .......................................................................................................... 8
7 Casting Requirements .......................................................................................................................... 9
8 Thermal Fatigue Life Requirements ................................................................................................... 10
9 Chemical Composition ....................................................................................................................... 11
10 Product and Supplier Approval Procedures ....................................................................................... 11
11 Quality Assurance .............................................................................................................................. 12
12 Test Methods ...................................................................................................................................... 14
13 References ......................................................................................................................................... 15
Summary of Changes from Previous Edition
(For Information Only — Not Part of the Standard ............................................................................. 17

List of Tables
Table 1 Abbreviations and Acronyms ...................................................................................................... 3
Table 2 Designations and Descriptions of JDM B3 Gray Cast Iron Grades ............................................ 4
Table 3 Cross Reference Between JDM B3 and Other Standard Gray Cast Iron Grades ...................... 6
Table 4 Mechanical Property Requirements of JDM B3 Gray Cast Iron ................................................. 7
Table 5 Technically Equivalent Test Methods ....................................................................................... 14

Current edition: Supersedes: First issued:

2015-07-08 2011-11-21 1937-01-01 Design Control: DT Page 1 of 17
John Deere Standards are intended for use by Deere & Company, its divisions and subsidiaries. Suppliers who rely on them in
furnishing products to or for the benefit of the Company must determine that they are in possession of the latest version. Distribution
of the standards to parties other than John Deere Suppliers, whether with or without charge, are for information only and
Deere & Company disclaims all responsibility for results attributable to the application of or compliance with such standards. The
Company makes no representation, express or implied, that conformity ensures compliance with applicable law or other rules or
regulations. Further, those who are in receipt of and elect to use the standards, agree to assume the responsibility for compliance
with patents, as well as potential patent infringement.
Deere & Company Engineering Standards Department, One John Deere Place, Moline, Illinois 61265-8098, U.S.A. Unpublished —
All rights reserved under the copyright laws.
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Radial Test Zone For Determination Of Test Bar Hardness ..................................................... 14
Figure 2 Longitudinal Test Zone for Determination of Test Bar Hardness ............................................. 14

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1 Scope

1.1 JDM B3 specifies designations, test bar requirements, and casting requirements for nine grades
of sand-molded gray (flake graphite) cast iron used by Deere & Company. These requirements apply
when JDM B3 grades are specified for John Deere parts and components. General information on the
engineering properties of gray cast irons is provided in ISO/TR 10809-1.

Note 1 The terms "gray cast iron", "flake graphite cast iron", and "lamellar graphite cast iron" are considered
interchangeable terms for the type of cast irons covered by JDM B3.

1.2 JDM B3 grades are designated based on material properties obtained in test bars designed to
standardize cooling rate and on Brinell hardness of castings. Properties developed in certain casting
sections can vary from test bar values. When a working correlation between test bar properties and
casting section properties needs to be known with confidence for a specific application, appropriate
experimentation should be carried out to determine that correlation.

1.3 JDM B3 supersedes the former JDM B3.1 and JDM B3.2, which are withdrawn. Table 3 shows
the relationship between current JDM B3 grades and former John Deere gray cast iron grade
designations. The appropriate current JDM B3 grade shall be substituted when one of the former
John Deere grade designations is specified on a part drawing.

1.4 This standard can contain mandatory provisions, which are identified by the words “shall” or
“required”. Compliance with the mandatory provisions is required to claim conformance with this standard.
This standard can also contain guideline provisions, which are generally identified by the words “should”
or “recommended”. Compliance with the guideline provisions is not required, because they might not be
appropriate for all machines or all applications.

2 Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abbreviations and acronyms relevant to this standard are listed in Table 1.

Table 1 Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abbreviation or
Acronym Meaning
DPAR Design, Process, and Assembly Review (conducted according to EQP201)
ISIR Initial Sample Inspection Report (conducted according to JDS-G223)
PFMEA Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
PPAP Production Part Approval Process (conducted according to EQP 310)

3 Designations

3.1 Designation System

3.1.1 JDM B3 gray cast iron grades are defined by a combination of three factors:
• Ratio of tensile strength to BrineIl hardness, as measured in a standard test bar (used primarily
for foundry process control and for property predictions)
• Tensile strength, as measured in a standard test bar
• Casting hardness, as measured at specified locations on the casting

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3.1.2 Designations and descriptions of the JDM B3 gray cast iron grades are shown in Table 2. Each
basic JDM B3 grade designation is composed of a letter, a 3-digit number, and a letter; grades that
require thermal fatigue properties are identified by addition of a final letter "T" to the basic grade
designation. The first letter represents the minimum tensile strength to hardness ratio in a test bar; a
different letter is assigned to each specified minimum tensile/hardness ratio. The 3-digit number
represents the specified minimum tensile strength level in a test bar, expressed in MPa. The second letter
represents the casting hardness range; a different letter is assigned to each specified hardness range.

Table 2 Designations and Descriptions of JDM B3 Gray Cast Iron Grades

Former John Deere Grades
JDM B3 JDM JDM
Other
Grade Description B3.2 B3.1

As-cast gray cast iron with ≥ 100 MPa tensile strength test
bar property; 102 HBW to 306 HBW casting hardness
RES
A100H range. Used for applications where minimal mechanical None None
152766
properties are required and high or variable casting
hardness does not affect manufacturing.
As-cast gray cast iron with matrix microstructure of lamellar
pearlite or mixture of lamellar pearlite and spheroidized
pearlite plus ferrite; ≥ 175 MPa tensile strength test bar
B175B A0-A None None
property; 173 HBW to 255 HBW casting hardness range.
Used for general purpose castings where strength is not a
design requirement.
As-cast gray cast iron with matrix microstructure of lamellar
pearlite or mixture of lamellar and spheroidized pearlite
B200B
B200B plus ferrite; ≥ 200 MPa tensile strength test bar property; 215 None
B1-B
173 HBW to 255 HBW casting hardness range. Used for
general purpose castings.
As-cast gray cast iron with matrix microstructure of lamellar
pearlite; ≥ 225 MPa tensile strength test bar property; B225C
B225C None JDT 66
204 HBW to 255 HBW casting hardness range. Used for B2-C
castings which require higher strength than grade B200B.
As-cast gray cast iron with matrix microstructure of lamellar
pearlite; ≥ 225 MPa tensile strength test bar property;
B225CT
B225CT thermal fatigue life requirement; 204 HBW to 255 HBW None None
B2-CT
casting hardness range. Used for castings which require
moderate strength plus thermal fatigue properties.
As-cast gray cast iron with matrix microstructure of lamellar
pearlite or mixture of lamellar perlite and spheroidized C225B
C225B pearlite plus ferrite; ≥ 225 MPa tensile strength test bar C1-B None None
property, 173 HBW to 255 HBW casting hardness range. C2-B
Used for castings with thick cross sections.
As-cast gray cast iron with matrix microstructure of lamellar
pearlite; ≥ 250 MPa tensile strength test bar property;
C250C None None None
204 HBW to 255 HBW casting hardness range. Used for
castings with thick cross sections.
Table 2 continues on next page

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Table 2 Designations and Descriptions of JDM B3 Gray Cast Iron Grades

Former John Deere Grades
JDM B3 JDM JDM
Other
Grade Description B3.2 B3.1
As-cast gray cast iron with matrix microstructure of lamellar
pearlite; ≥ 275 MPa tensile strength test bar property; C275C
C275C 204 HBW to 255 HBW casting hardness range. Used for C2-C 232 None
castings with thick cross sections which require higher C4-C
strength.
As-cast gray cast iron with matrix microstructure of lamellar
pearlite; ≥ 275 MPa tensile strength test bar property;
C275CT
thermal fatigue life requirement; 204 HBW to 255 HBW
C275CT C2-CT None None
casting hardness range. Used for castings with thick cross
C4-CT
sections which require higher strength plus thermal fatigue
properties.
• The appropriate current JDM B3 grade shall be substituted when one of the former John Deere grade
designations is specified on a part drawing.
• The producing foundry may substitute any JDM B3 grade for all castings where grade A100H is specified.
• The producing foundry may substitute grade B200B for grade B175B for all castings where B175B is specified.
A producing foundry may substitute grade C225B for B200B when the substitution does not adversely affect the
quality of the castings produced. The producing foundry may substitute grade C250C for C225B when the
substitution does not adversely affect the quality of the castings produced. The foundry shall notify the
purchaser of any grade substitution prior to delivery of the castings.
• Grade C250C shall apply when a part drawing specifies grade C250B.

3.2 Other Standard Grades

3.2.1 Table 3 provides a cross reference between John Deere and a selection of other standard grades
of gray cast iron. For John Deere parts, JDM B3 grades may be substituted for the corresponding cross
reference grades shown in Table 3. The cross reference grades shall not be substituted for JDM B3
grades, except for JDM B3 A100H, without verification of the producing foundry’s statistical capability to
meet the requirements of the specified JDM B3 grade according to the provisions of JDM B3 and written
approval by John Deere.
3.2.2 To qualify as fully meeting a specified JDM B3 designation, a grade shown in Table 3 shall satisfy
all applicable requirements of JDM B3.

3.2.3 The SAE J431 grades specify both minimum T/H ratio and minimum casting hardness (both
statistically determined), and therefore imply a minimum tensile strength. ISO 185 includes provision for
specifying both tensile strength and casting hardness.

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Table 3 Cross Reference Between JDM B3 and Other Standard Gray Cast Iron Grades
JDM ISO ASTM ASTM EN GB/T GOST IS JIS SAE
B3 185 A48 A48M 1561 9439 1412 210 G5501 J431
EN-GJL-100 G7H14
SH10
A100H JL/100 None None EN-JL1010 HT100 None FC100 G9H12
CЧ10 G10H10
5.1100

JL/150 EN-GJL-150 HT150 G10H18

SH18
B175B and 25B 175B EN-JL1020 and FG150 FC150 G10H19
JL/HBW215 H215 CЧ18 G10H20
5.1200
G10H20
JL/200 EN-GJL-200 HT200 G11H18
SH20
B200B and 30B 200B EN-JL1030 and FG200 FC200 G11H19
JL/HBW215 H215 CЧ20 G12H18
5.1300
G13H17
G10H22
JL/225 HT225
G11H20
B225C and None 225B None and None FG220 None
G11H21
JL/HBW235 H235
G12H20
B225CT None None None None None None None None None
G11H20
JL/225 HT225
G11H21
C225B and None 225B None and None None None
G12H19
JL/HBW215 H215
G13H18
G11H22
JL/250 EN-GJL-250 HT250
SH25 G12H20
C250C and 35B 250B EN-JL1040 and FG260 FC250
CЧ25 G12H21
JL/HBW235 5.1301 H235
G13H20
JL/275 HT275 G12H23
C275C and 40B 275B None and None None None G13H21
JL/HBW235 H235 G13H22
C275CT None None None None None None None None None

• For John Deere parts: JDM B3 grades may be substituted for the corresponding grades from other standards
as shown. Except for grades corresponding to A100H, gray cast iron grades from other standards shall not be
substituted for JDM B3 grades without verification of foundry capability to meet the requirements of the
specified JDM B3 grade according to the provisions of JDM B3. Corresponding grades from other standards
may be substituted for A100H as shown.
• SAE J431 grades specify both minimum T/H ratio and minimum casting hardness (both statistically
determined), and therefore imply a minimum tensile strength.
• ISO 185 and GB/T 9439 include provision for specifying both tensile strength and casting hardness; relevant
combinations of grades are listed in the table.

3.3 Material Callout

The material callout shall include the standard number and the material designation (grade). A long
hyphen (dash) may be inserted between the standard number and the material designation.
Examples JDM B3 A100H JDM B3 C225B JDM B3 C250C
JDM B3 B175B JDM B3 B225C JDM B3 C275C
JDM B3 B200B JDM B3 B225CT JDM B3 C275CT

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4 Mechanical Property Requirements

Mechanical property requirements of JDM B3 gray cast iron grades are shown in Table 4. Except for
grade A100H, mechanical property requirements in Table 4 are statistical limits determined by interval
tolerancing methods of analysis according to JDQ 83. JDQ 83 analyses of mechanical properties shall be
performed in accordance with requirements for sample population limits and confidence levels as stated
in clause 11.3 and the bullet items in Table 4.

Table 4 Mechanical Property Requirements of JDM B3 Gray Cast Iron

Test Bar Properties Casting Properties
JDM B3 Grade Tensile Strength Brinell Hardness
T/H Ratio
MPa HBW MPa
≥ 102 ≥ 1000
A100H Not Required ≥ 100
≤ 306 ≤ 3000
≥ 173 ≥ 1700
B175B ≥ 0.100 ≥ 175
≤ 255 ≤ 2500
≥ 173 ≥ 1700
B200B ≥ 0.100 ≥ 200
≤ 255 ≤ 2500
≥ 204 ≥ 2000
B225C ≥ 0.100 ≥ 225
≤ 255 ≤ 2500
≥ 204 ≥ 2000
B225CT ≥ 0.100 ≥ 225
≤ 255 ≤ 2500
≥ 173 ≥ 1700
C225B ≥ 0.115 ≥ 225
≤ 255 ≤ 2500
≥ 204 ≥ 2000
C250C ≥ 0.115 ≥ 250
≤ 255 ≤ 2500
≥ 204 ≥ 2000
C275C ≥ 0.115 ≥ 275
≤ 255 ≤ 2500
≥ 204 ≥ 2000
C275CT ≥ 0.115 ≥ 275
≤ 255 ≤ 2500
• Requirements for grade C250C shall apply when a part drawing specifies grade C250B.
• T/H ratio. Calculate T/H ratio as tensile strength of the test bar (in MPa) divided by Brinell hardness of the test
bar (in MPa): T/H ratio = T(MPa)/H(MPa). T/H ratio is affected by the type and amount of graphite in the
microstructure. Calculation does not apply to grade A100H.
• T/H ratio. Calculate population lower limits for 95 % of the population with 90 % confidence (P = 0.95, C = 0.90)
per JDQ 83B.
• Tensile strength. Calculate population lower limits for 99 % of the population with 75 % confidence (P = 0.99,
C = 0.75) per JDQ 83B.
• Brinell casting hardness. Calculate population upper and lower limits for 99 % of the population with 75 %
confidence (P = 0.99, C = 0.75) per JDQ 83A.
• Rounding of individual results and calculated statistical limits. T/H ratio shall be rounded and reported to
the nearest 0.001. Tensile strength shall be rounded and reported to the nearest 1 MPa. Brinell hardness shall
be rounded and reported to the nearest 10 MPa or 1 HBW (1 kg/mm2). Elongation shall be rounded and
reported to the nearest 0.1%. Follow the rounding method of ASTM E29.
• Conversion factors:
MPa to kpsi, multiply by 0.14503774 kpsi to MPa, multiply by 6.894757
MPa to HBW, multiply by 0.10197162 HBW to MPa, multiply by 9.80665

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5 Standard Test Bars

5.1 The production and testing of separately cast test bars shall be part of the suppliers documented
control plan.

5.2 Test specimens shall be machined from standard 30 mm test bars that have been cast in silica
sand molds made from a suitable core process (such as cold box, oil sand, and warm box processes) in
conformance to ISO 185, ASTM A48/A48M, EN 1561, or technically equivalent standard, unless
otherwise agreed between supplier and purchaser.

5.3 Test bar castings shall be poured according to the supplier's approved quality control plan,
concurrently with of the same grade and metallurgical processing as the production castings which the
test bars represent. Test bar castings shall, without exception, be left in their molds until they have cooled
to ≤ 500°C.

5.4 The frequency of casting test bars during production shall be sufficient to assure on-going
statistical conformance to test bar property requirements for the specified grade according to Table 4. The
minimum frequency of casting test bars during production is one test bar per operating shift per target
iron. See clause 11.3.2 for an explanation of what constitutes a target iron.

6 Test Bar Property Requirements

6.1 Tensile strength and hardness in individual test bars shall be determined according to one of the
test methods shown in Table 5 for the appropriate property.

6.2 Valid tests of tensile strength and T/H ratio in individual test bars, poured concurrently with and
representing production castings, shall be within the limits shown in Table 4 for the specified JDM B3
grade.

6.2.1 If valid test results from an individual test bar fail to meet specified requirements, the supplier
shall have a documented reaction plan, approved by John Deere, for assuring the quality of castings
poured during the production period associated with the non-conforming test bar.

6.2.2 The recommended documented reaction plan to non-conforming test bars is to validate
conformance of mechanical properties in the castings by cutting a test bar from a minimum of three
separate castings (or from runner bars if these are still available) with section thickness of approximately
30 mm, which were produced throughout the time span represented by the original non-conforming test
bars. If any of the three validation test bars fails to meet the specified requirements, all castings
represented by the non-conforming test bars shall be scrapped.

6.2.3 With approval by the purchasing John Deere unit, if castings or runner bars of approximately
30 mm section thickness are not available, validation test bars may be cut and machined to a smaller size
according to one of the tensile test methods shown in Table 5.

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7 Casting Requirements

7.1 Brinell Casting Hardness

7.1.1 Locations for Brinell Casting Hardness Tests

7.1.1.1 Brinell casting hardness shall be determined at one or more locations on the casting. Locations
for Brinell casting hardness tests should be specified on the part drawing. If no locations are specified on
the part drawing or otherwise agreed upon by producer and John Deere, the producing foundry may
select the locations for casting hardness tests.

7.1.1.2 Locations for hardness tests should recognize and be compatible with manufacturing operations
and part integrity. Hardness locations should also take into account the physical relationship between
section size, cooling rate, and casting hardness. Product engineers should consult with the producing
foundry before hardness locations are specified.

7.1.2 Method of Brinell Casting Hardness Tests

Brinell casting hardness shall be determined in conformance to one of the test methods listed for Brinell
hardness in Table 5.

7.1.3 Frequency of Brinell Casting Hardness Tests

Frequency and sample size of hardness testing shall be part of the foundry’s quality control plan,
approved by John Deere, and shall be sufficient to assure statistical conformance to casting hardness
requirements specified in Table 4.

7.1.4 Standard Brinell Casting Hardness Ranges

Unless otherwise specified according clause 7.1.5, Brinell casting hardness shall be within the limits
shown in Table 4 for the specified JDM B3 grade.

7.1.5 Alternate Brinell Casting Hardness Ranges

Alternate Brinell casting hardness ranges may be specified on the part drawing. Results of all hardness
tests shall then fall within the specified range, which takes precedence over the values shown in Table 4.

7.2 Microstructure
7.2.1 General

The supplier shall incorporate metallographic examination of microspecimens for microstructural

conformance into its approved quality control plan.

7.2.2 Graphite Form, Distribution, and Size

7.2.2.1 Graphite form shall be flake graphite, defined as Type VII according to ASTM A247 or Form I
according to ISO 945-1.

7.2.2.2 Except for grade A100H, graphite distribution should be ≥ 90% distribution A according to
ASTM A247 or ISO 945-1. There is no recommended graphite distribution for grade A100H.

7.2.2.3 Except for grade A100H, graphite size should be size 3 through size 6 according to ASTM A247
or ISO 945-1. There is no recommended graphite size for grade A100H.

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7.2.3 Validation of Graphite Form, Distribution, and Size

Unless otherwise agreed between supplier and purchaser, samples for determining graphite type and
distribution shall be poured concurrently with and shall be of the same grade and metallurgical processing
as the production castings which the samples represent.

7.2.4 Chill

Castings shall be substantially free of chill (white or mottled iron) as defined in ASTM A644. There shall
be no chill in areas to be machined.

7.2.5 Matrix Microstructure

The matrix microstructure shall conform to the metallurgical description shown in Table 2.

7.3 Heat Treatment

Salvage heat treatment shall be permitted only with prior approval by the purchaser. To be accepted after
salvage heat treatment, individual castings shall meet the casting hardness requirements shown in
Table 4 for the specified grade. The purchaser may specify additional requirements.

7.4 Repair Welding or Cosmetic Enhancement of Castings

7.4.1 Castings shall not be repaired by welding without prior approval by the John Deere design control
unit.

7.4.2 Castings shall not be cosmetically enhanced by the producing foundry without prior approval by
John Deere.

Note 2 Cosmetic enhancement includes but is not limited to processes such as fillers and solder.

7.5 Other Requirements

Unless otherwise covered in this standard or specified on the part drawing or agreed during DPAR,
castings shall conform to the requirements of JDM B15 for parts adopted after 1994-06-30 or to the
requirements of JDM B11 for parts adopted before 1994-07-01.

8 Thermal Fatigue Life Requirements

Grades B225CT and C275CT require thermal fatigue properties. The thermal fatigue life of grades
B225CT and C275CT shall exceed the minimum thermal fatigue life shown in JDQ 62. JDQ 62 shall be
used to qualify foundries for grades B225CT and C275CT prior to production. JDQ 62 shall also be used
to qualify metallurgical process changes, including alloy content, prior to production. The frequency of
testing during production shall be determined by agreement between the producing foundry and the
engineering department responsible for the design.

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9 Chemical Composition

9.1 Chemical composition requirements may be agreed upon between the supplier and purchaser,
but chemical composition is not specified by JDM B3.

9.2 The producer shall establish and maintain a range of chemical compositions that provide gray
cast iron meeting the specified mechanical property and microstructural requirements for each JDM B3
grade produced. Chemical composition shall be included in the supplier's internal documented quality
control plan.

9.3 No matter what chemical composition is used, the requirements specified in clause 4 through
clause 8 shall be met.

10 Product and Supplier Approval Procedures

10.1 Demonstration of Process Capability for Approval of Casting Suppliers

10.1.1 Casting suppliers shall have a stable, controlled process which includes their demonstration of
capability to meet the property requirements of the specified grade according to Table 4.
Note 3 For demonstration of process capability, the property levels indicated for the JDM B3 grade designations are
statistical limits evaluated according to the calculation method in clause 11.3.

10.1.2 For initial demonstration of capability by new suppliers, a minimum of 20 separately cast test bars
obtained over a period of at least one month shall be analyzed for mechanical properties. Separate
approvals apply to each JDM B3 cast iron grade for mechanical properties.

Note 4 Using JDQ 83 methodology (see clause 11.3), as the sample size (n) increases, the K factor value
decreases, which results in tighter statistically calculated control limits for stable processes.

10.1.3 For on-going demonstration of capability, casting suppliers shall include in their internal
documented control plan provision for periodic analyses of their statistical capability to meet the
requirements in Table 4 for mechanical properties in test bars and for casting hardness. Upon request by
John Deere, suppliers shall submit process data to validate their demonstration of process capability to
meet the property requirements of the specified grades.

10.1.4 The frequency of testing separately cast test bars and of determining casting hardness during
production shall be sufficient to assure statistical conformance to property requirements of the specified
grade according to Table 4.

10.2 Supplier Quality Audits

In addition to demonstration of process capability, the casting supplier shall include completion of an
acceptable supplier quality audit according to provisions of JDS-G223, which includes the John Deere
Special Process Audit for Casting Suppliers. Periodic audits may be required at intervals to be
determined by John Deere.

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10.3 Initial Review and Acceptance of Sample Castings

10.3.1 Prior to shipment of production castings by a supplier, both the supplier and John Deere should
review sample castings for conformance to requirements according to clause 6 and clause 7. This review
should include confirming conformance to mechanical property limits, according to test results from
separately cast test bars poured concurrently with the sample castings, as well as to requirements for
casting hardness, microstructure, casting soundness, surface finish, and dimensional tolerances of the
sample castings.

10.3.2 Procedures for review and approval of sample castings are the responsibility of the purchasing
John Deere unit. Procedures should include a DPAR or PPAP. Conformance of parts to specified
requirements shall be documented by an ISIR.

10.4 On-going Acceptance of Production Castings

10.4.1 The producing foundry shall establish a documented quality control plan, supported by a PFMEA,
for review and approval by John Deere. The quality control plan shall include provisions to monitor the
production of castings according to clause 6 through clause 9 to ensure that the specified requirements
are met. Production castings shall be sampled and tested by the producing foundry in conformance to its
approved quality control plan.

10.4.2 Any significant change in part geometry, gating and risering, or casting production process (for
example: changes to melt, treatment, or inoculation practices; or changes in core or molding processes)
requires the casting supplier to achieve re-approval of castings to the requirements of clause 10.1 and
clause 10.3 from the purchasing John Deere unit in accordance with the change request procedure in
JDS-G223.

10.4.3 Individual test results from valid tests shall conform to the property limits for the JDM B3 grade
produced. The producing foundry shall not ship castings that do not meet specification requirements.
Production castings may be sampled and tested by the purchasing John Deere unit. Production lots
which do not meet requirements may be rejected by the purchasing John Deere unit.

10.4.4 Individual John Deere units may require additional measures of quality assurance, which may
include supplier quality certification. Any decision to require such certification and the details of any
certification program are the responsibility of the purchasing John Deere unit. However, the requirements
of JDM B3 shall not be lessened or negated by unit certification programs. Refer to JDS-G223 for further
information.

11 Quality Assurance

11.1 Responsibility
The casting supplier that accepts an order for gray iron castings according to JDM B3 shall coordinate all
steps in the manufacturing process to assure that parts and test specimens conform to the specified
requirements.

11.2 Documentation
The producing foundry shall document all testing with dated records of the test results to be retained for a
period of at least four years, and as otherwise required by local regulation. Records shall include the
results of all chemical analyses, tensile and hardness tests on test bars, and hardness tests on castings.
The records and test facilities shall be available for inspection by the purchaser.

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11.3 Statistical Analysis of Data
11.3.1 Interval Tolerancing

When assessing capability, interval tolerancing methods of statistical analysis according to JDQ 83, as
specified in the bullet items in Table 4, shall be used to determine conformance of test bar mechanical
properties and Brinell casting hardness to the requirements of JDM B3 cast iron grades.

11.3.2 Sample Populations for Data Analysis of Test Bar Mechanical Properties

11.3.2.1 Appropriate populations of data shall be determined prior to statistical analysis for evaluation of
conformance to this specification. For test bar mechanical properties, populations shall be based on
significant differences in foundry practice, such as melting method, charge materials, inoculation practice,
and targeted chemical composition.

11.3.2.2 It is understood that a foundry might intentionally establish, within a given grade of iron, different
"target irons" with different process targets in order to achieve desired properties in the final castings.
Statistical analysis of a sample population shall include only test bars that represent the same target iron.
Results of all valid tests for each property on each target iron shall be included for data analysis of each
sample population.

11.3.3 Sample Populations for Data Analysis of Brinell Casting Hardness

Appropriate populations of data shall be determined prior to statistical analysis for evaluation of
conformance to this specification. For Brinell casting hardness, populations shall be based on Brinell
hardness tests on castings of each part number at each specified casting location. Statistical analysis of a
sample population shall include only the hardness from results from the same specified location on an
individual part number casting. Results of all valid tests for each specified hardness location on each part
number shall be included for data analysis of each sample population.

11.4 Test Validity

11.4.1 Tests for determination of mechanical properties shall be considered valid unless one or more of
the following conditions applies:
• An improper test method was used.
• The test specimen or its preparation was defective.
• The test specimen was improperly mounted in the test equipment.
• The test equipment was operated incorrectly.
• The test specimen did not fracture within the gage section.

11.4.2 If a test is determined to be invalid, a new test specimen shall be prepared, if possible, according
to clause 5 from the same production lot as the test specimen used in the invalid test. Results from the
valid test shall be substituted for those from the invalid test.

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12 Test Methods

12.1 Identification of Test Methods

Properties of JDM B3 gray cast iron shall be determined by one of the test methods listed in Table 5 or by
other test methods that can be shown to be technically equivalent.

Table 5 Technically Equivalent Test Methods

Property ISO ASTM JSA

ASTM E8
Tensile Strength ISO 6892-1 JIS Z2241
ASTM E8M
Brinell Hardness
(test method modified per ISO 6506-1 ASTM E10 JIS Z2243
JDM B3, clause 12.2)

12.2 Test Bar Brinell Hardness Test

12.2.1 Test bar hardness shall be taken at a position within the zone between 2.5 mm from the test bar
center to the midpoint between the as-cast radius and the center (the radial test zone shown in gray in
Figure 1) and between 50 mm and 75 mm from the as-cast end (the longitudinal test zone as shown in
Figure 2).

12.2.2 Brinell hardness of test bars shall be determined using a 10 mm diameter tungsten ball and a
29.42 kN (3000 kg) load according to one of the standards listed in Table 5.

Figure 1 Radial Test Zone For Determination Of Test Bar Hardness

LC

50 mm
Longitudinal Test Zone for Determination of Test Bar Hardness
75 mm

Figure 2 Longitudinal Test Zone for Determination of Test Bar Hardness

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12.3 Chemical Analysis
Determination of chemical composition shall be performed using recognized analytical methods.
Reference methods shall conform to appropriate ISO or ASTM standards.

13 References

For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.

13.1 Access to John Deere Standards

13.1.1 John Deere Standards can be accessed by John Deere personnel via the Engineering Standards
internal website.

13.1.2 Employees of suppliers with an approved John Deere supplier number can obtain access to
John Deere Standards via the JD Supply Network (JDSN). Access to JDSN is by approved individual
name and password. Suppliers should contact their Supply Management representative with questions
about JDSN.

Note 5 Only John Deere Standards which have been approved for supplier distribution are available via JDSN.

13.2 Access to Standards from External Organizations

13.2.1 Most standards from organizations external to John Deere are available to John Deere personnel
via the Engineering Standards internal website.

13.2.2 Suppliers are responsible for obtaining relevant external standards. In accordance with copyright
laws and Company policy, John Deere personnel shall not provide copies of these standards to suppliers.

13.3 John Deere Standards

JDM B11 General Requirements for Iron Castings (Applies to Parts Adopted Before 1 July
1994)
JDM B15 General Requirements for Iron Castings (Applies to Parts Adopted After 30 June
1994)
JDQ 62 Strain Controlled Cyclic Load Test for Cast Iron at Elevated Temperature
JDQ 83 Interval Tolerancing Method of Statistical Analysis
JDS-G223 Supplier Quality Manual
RES 10407 Gray Cast Iron
RES 152766 Special Purpose Gray Iron

13.4 ASTM Standards (ASTM International)

ASTM A48/A48M Specification for Gray Iron Castings
ASTM A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of Graphite in Cast Iron
ASTM A644 Definitions of Terms Relating to Iron Castings
ASTM E8/E8M Method of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
ASTM E10 Test for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials

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ASTM E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with
Specifications

13.5 CEN Standards (European Committee for Standardization — CEN)

EN 1561 Founding — Gray cast irons

13.6 GB/T Standards (Chinese National Institute for Standardization — CNIS)

GB/T 9439 Gray iron castings

13.7 GOST Standards (Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and

Certification — EASC)
GOST 1412 Flake graphite cast iron

13.8 IS Standards (Bureau of Indian Standards — BIS)

IS 210 Gray iron castings — Specification

13.9 ISO Standards (International Organization for Standardization)

ISO 185 Grey cast irons — Classification
ISO 945-1 Microstructure of cast irons — Graphite classification by visual analysis
ISO 6506-1 Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 6892-1 Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room
temperature
ISO/TR 10809-1 Cast irons — Part 1: Materials and properties for design

13.10 JIS Standards (Japanese Standards Association)

JIS G5501 Gray iron castings
JIS Z2241 Method of tensile test for metallic materials
JIS Z2243 Method of Brinell hardness test

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A
Summary of Changes from Previous Edition
(For Information Only — Not Part of the Standard)

• Add clause 1.4.

• Add clause 2 and Table 1.
• Add clause 3.2.2.
• Update references to EN 1561 based on the most recent edition of that standard.
• Revise Table 3 to include relevant grades from GB/T 9439, GOST 1412, and IS 210.
• Add new reference standards to clause 13.
• Incorporate a variety of minor editorial revisions.

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