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    A thermocouple thermometer uses the thermoelectric effect to measure temperature by producing a current proportional to the temperature difference between its two junctions. The document describes how one junction is placed in melting ice at 0°C as a reference while the other measures the unknown temperature. It then gives an example where a 20mA current corresponds to a 100°C difference, so each 1mA indicates a 5°C change. Using this, a liquid at 5.5mA above melting ice is calculated to be at 27.5°C. The document concludes with an activity to construct a basic thermocouple thermometer and observe current changes with heating.

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    A thermocouple thermometer uses the thermoelectric effect to measure temperature by producing a current proportional to the temperature difference between its two junctions. The document describes how one junction is placed in melting ice at 0°C as a reference while the other measures the unknown temperature. It then gives an example where a 20mA current corresponds to a 100°C difference, so each 1mA indicates a 5°C change. Using this, a liquid at 5.5mA above melting ice is calculated to be at 27.5°C. The document concludes with an activity to construct a basic thermocouple thermometer and observe current changes with heating.

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    3 views1 page

    New 2document

    Uploaded by

    abd shoudbe
    A thermocouple thermometer uses the thermoelectric effect to measure temperature by producing a current proportional to the temperature difference between its two junctions. The document describes how one junction is placed in melting ice at 0°C as a reference while the other measures the unknown temperature. It then gives an example where a 20mA current corresponds to a 100°C difference, so each 1mA indicates a 5°C change. Using this, a liquid at 5.5mA above melting ice is calculated to be at 27.5°C. The document concludes with an activity to construct a basic thermocouple thermometer and observe current changes with heating.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    UNIT 3: Current electricity

    When using a thermocouple thermometer, it is usual to hold one


    junction at 0 °C by keeping it immersed in melting ice. The other
    junction acts as the probe to investigate the temperature to be
    measured, as in Figure 3.14.
    3 mA 3 mA
    melting
    ice

    room

    boiling water melting ice

    Worked example 3.4 Figure 3.14 The thermocouple thermometer in use.


    One junction of a In the first part of Figure 3.14, a temperature difference of 100 °C
    thermocouple thermometer between boiling water and melting ice shows a current of 10 mA
    is immersed in melting ice (milliamperes, thousandths of an ampere).
    and the other in boiling
    Each 1 mA therefore indicates a difference of 10 °C.
    water. A current of 20 mA is
    recorded. The thermocouple Thus when the probe is at room temperature and a current of
    thermometer is then used 3 mA is measured, the junction at room temperature must be 30 °C
    to measure the temperature hotter than the cold junction, which is at 0 °C. Room temperature is
    of a liquid. One junction therefore 30 °C.
    is immersed in melting ice
    and the other in the liquid Activity 3.5: Making a thermocouple thermometer
    whose temperature is to be Create thermocouple junctions at both ends of a section of iron
    measured. A current of wire by twisting the ends together with copper wires.
    5.5 mA is recorded. What Place one copper−iron junction in a beaker with ice water
    is the temperature of the and leave the other junction outside. The two remaining
    liquid? ends of the copper wires should be connected to a sensitive
    In the first, calibration, galvanometer.
    measurement, 20 mA Heat the exposed junction with a Bunsen burner or match and
    represents a temperature record the current.
    difference of 100 °C.
    Therefore 1 mA represents Does the current increase or decrease if the heat source is
    a temperature difference of removed? Is the change in current immediate? Discuss these
    5 °C. In the temperature questions.
    measurement, the
    temperature difference
    between the junctions is Summary
    In this section you have learnt that:
    5.5 × 5 = 27.5 °C.
    • Current is a flow of electric charge.
    The junction immersed in
    • Coulombs of charge flow at a rate of amperes.
    melting ice is at 0 °C. The
    temperature of the liquid • We need a voltage supply to cause the charge to circulate
    being measured is therefore round the circuit.
    0 + 27.5 = 27.5 °C. • A primary cell uses the chemicals in it to supply electrical
    energy; a secondary cell has to be charged up first.

    90 Grade 10

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