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A research entitled
“THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE PRESIDENTIAL

CANDIDATE SELECTION OF SELECTED REGISTERED
VOTERS AT THE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES, MANILA”
is presented to the
Open Senior High School Faculty
of Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for
RSCH122: Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
ANGELES, JOYCE HANNAH

CABRERA, DEITHER ERVIN
GRAJERA, ANWAR VICTOR GRAJERA
Researchers
MAY 2022
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ABSTRACT
Title : THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE PRESIDENTIAL

CANDIDATE SELECTION OF SELECTED REGISTERED VOTERS AT THE
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, MANILA
Researcher/s: Joyce Hannah Angeles, Deither Ervin Cabrera, Anwar Victor
Grajera
Adviser : Prof. Name MI. Surname
Program : GRADE 12 - Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)
School : AMA University Online Education
The research entitled “Good and Bad Influence of Korean Drama in Philippine
Television” aimed to determine the good and bad influence of watching Korean drama.
The residents of Sorrento Village
The use of social media plays a vital role in a person’s life. From the 2016
presidential election to the coronavirus pandemic, fake news has been around since the
beginning of humanity, and it has proven to spread rapidly. It also poses a greater
threat, thanks to social media. As reported, the Philippines ranked first in internet usage
worldwide, therefore Filipinos are more exposed to misinformation. False information is
developed and shared on the internet and social media platforms that may be easily
replicated, causing real-world consequences.
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Researchers must first understand how misleading information is transmitted on
social media platforms and how it contributes to the deception of readers to develop
appropriate early detection algorithms and tools. To get data, the researchers created a
survey through Google Forms intending to test the hypotheses. Through sharing on
different social media platforms, responses were recorded and later analyzed. The goal
of the study is to see if misinformation has a substantial impact on a voter's decision.
Findings beget to the promotion of media literacy knowledge and understanding.
Keywords: Social Media, Presidential Candidates, Philippine Election, Registered
Voters
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(NOTE: HIDE THE TABLE’S BORDER ONCE DONE)
Preliminaries
Title Page …..…………………….………………………………………………………….. xx
Approval Sheet ……………………..………………………………………………………. xx
Acknowledgement ………………….…………………………………………………….. xx
Abstract ...………………………….………………………………………………………… xx
Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………………….. xx
List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………………….. xx
List of Figures ……………………………………………………………………………... xx
Part I. Introduction
The Problem and its Background ……………...…………………………… xx

Statement of the Problem ………………………….………………………… xx
Objectives of the Study ………………………………….……………………. xx
Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………... xx
Scope and Limitation …………………………………………………………... xx
Hypothesis …………………………………………………………………….. xx
Conceptual Framework ………………………………………………………. xx
Theoretical Framework ………………………………………………………. xx
Definition of Terms ………………………………………………………. xx
Review of Related Literature ………………………………………………… xx
Part II. Methodology
Research Design ……………………………………………………………… xx

Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique ……..…………...…... xx
Description of the Respondents ………………………………………….…. xx
Research Instrument …………………………………………………………... xx
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Data Collection or Data Gathering Procedure ………………………..……. xx
Statistical Treatment of Data ……………………..………………….……… xx
Part III. Results
Data Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis …...…………….………… xx
Part IV. Discussion
Summary of the Result ………………………………………………….....… xx

Conclusion …………………………………………………………………….. xx
Recommendations ……………………………………………………………. xx
References ……….……..…………………………………………………………………. xx
Appendices ………………………………………………………………………………… xx
Appendix A: Research Instrument ……………………………………… xx
Appendix B: Topic Proposal Sheet .................................................... xx
Appendix C: Final Defense Score Sheet ………………………………. xx
Biography …………………………………………………………………………….......... xx
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LIST OF TABLES
Table # Titles Page

1 The Total Number of Sample Size xx
2
3
4
5
List here all of the table you have in the whole research paper.
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LIST OF FIGURES
Table # Titles Page

1 The Conceptual Paradigm of the Study xx
2
3
4
5
List here all of the figures you have presented in the whole research paper.
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x
AMA University Online Education – Open Senior High School
PART 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Democracy, as defined in Merriam-Webster, is a form of government in which
people choose leaders by voting. With the 2022 elections fast approaching, issues
regarding misinformation have been clear. Social media plays a significant role in the
surge of fake news around the country. An article from Rappler states that Facebook,
Twitter, TikTok, and YouTube policies do not state how they are to deal with concerns
like disinformation, political marketing, data breaches, and hate speech in an
increasingly deceptive atmosphere (Elemia, C., Baizas, G., & Isinika, A., 2021).
Amongst the vast set of social media phenomenon, misleading information is
defined as inaccurate news (Quandt, T., Frischlich, L., Boberg, S., & Schatto‐Eckrodt, T,
2019). In addition to this, “false news” are items that are purposefully and verifiably
untrue and may lead readers to be misguided. With the lack of proper cyber law
implementations, anyone can easily abuse the use of false information. Proven to be a
social issue, online content is given the ability to reach a broad audience with no third-
party to fact-check (Alcott & Gentzkow, 2017).
The most popular social media platforms continue to pose dangers to the
integrity of the polls a year before the 2022 presidential election in the Philippines. The
voting process continues to be jeopardized by gaps in the platforms' standards, since
damaging content and hoaxes are projected to rise throughout the election season.
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THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE SELECTION OF SELECTED

REGISTERED VOTERS AT THE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, MANILA
Tech platforms have pledged to help ensure the integrity of the Philippine elections, but
their specific plans have yet to be revealed and reviewed. Because of pandemic-
imposed internet blackouts, more people have gotten online, posing a greater threat to
legitimate electoral information. The Philippines, "the world's social media capital" has
gained 4.2 million additional internet users since the crisis began in March 2020. In the
past, with the 2016 elections, the country witnessed firsthand the weaponization of
social media (Elemia, C., Baizas, G., & Isinika, A., 2021).
False information can easily be manufactured and disseminated over the internet
and social media platforms, resulting in widespread real-world consequences. To build
efficient detection algorithms and tools for early detection, researchers must first
understand how misleading information spreads on social media platforms and why it
manipulates readers. This is divided into two variations, opinion-based and fact-based.
(Kumar S. & Shah N., 2018). The researchers aim to address fact-based
misinformation.
Fake news has existed since the beginning of time, and has shown to spread
rapidly, from the 2016 presidential election to the coronavirus outbreak. It also poses a
greater threat, thanks to social media. Danilo A. Arao, a University of the Philippines
journalism professor who started the group KontraDaya, says that “Voters would be
prone to electing the undeserving ones if fake news continues to drown out and
overwhelm the truth.” (Neil, 2021). Mr. Arao believes that people who are largely at
home during the coronavirus epidemic should be trained on how to recognize fake
news, so they do not fall prey to political disinformation tactics. When people are not

adequately informed about their candidates, an election loses a part of its democratic
nature, as stated by Bryan E. Gonzales, executive director of the Human Rights and
Peoples Empowerment Center (Neil, 2021).
As reported by Philstar Global last 2018 in the latest Pulse Asia study, 47 percent
of Filipinos possess internet service. Almost all of them, or 98 percent, access their
social media accounts via the internet. Eighty-eight percent of individuals who visit their
social media accounts online are aware of fake news, and most of them (79 percent)
stated that “they consider fake news to be widespread on social media.” Conducted
from September 1 to 7 of 2018, respondents amount to a total number of 1,800. The
results showed that only 78 percent in the NCR and Visayas, 80 percent of Mindanao,
and 79 percent in Luzon believe social media consists mostly of false information.
(“Pulse Asia: 88% of Filipino”, 2018)
Filipino citizens nowadays easily believe in false information rather than obtain
information from trusted sources. According to Arao, many Filipinos believe stories from
fake news websites and suspicious social media accounts, which is alarming. It is
particularly concerning that some people actively promote and distribute these stories.
He claims that if people begin to believe fake news more than authentic news, they will
be more likely to make judgments that are not based on solid facts (Quilinguing, K. I. M.
G., 2021).
The researchers pursued this topic because the 2022 elections are forthcoming.
The spread of false information continuously rises as the election draws near. With this,
the researchers aim to identify the effects of misinformation on the voter’s decision. This
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study aims to raise awareness of the development of media literacy education. Results
obtained from this study contribute to the urgency for better voter education.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The addressed through this study is how social media impacts the decision-making
of the selected registered voters in choosing a presidential candidate.
Specifically, the researchers attempt to answer these specific problems:
1. What social media sites/apps do voters frequently use?
2. What are the main sources of information for voters when learning about a
presidential candidate?
3. What are the precautions taken by voters before consuming information from
social media?
4. Who will the registered voters vote for as president in this election?
5. How often do voters get exposed to fake news?
6. How does social media impact the decision-making of registered voters?
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this study is to identify the impact of social media on
choosing a Presidential Candidate of Registered Voters of Polytechnic University of the
Philippines, Manila.
The following are the study's aims in detail:
a. Determine if social media poses as a factor in choosing a presidential candidate.

b. Identify how social media affects registered voters' opinions towards presidential
candidates.
c. Assess whether fake news affects voters’ decision making.
d. Determine which social media platform is prone to fake news.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The researchers believe that the findings of this study will redound to the benefit
of society, considering that tally votes are vitally important as they determine who the
country’s future leaders will be.
Specifically, the study will be beneficial to the following:
Voters. This study will benefit voters because this research will make them more
aware of the prevalence of misleading news and the impact it has on their decision-
making. Also, they will be more informed before using their right to vote.
Parents. This study will benefit parents because this research will help them be
more aware of the impacts of fake news on their decision-making. Additionally, parents
can teach their children to be more mindful of the information they consume online.
Social media users. This study will benefit people who use social media as this
research will enlighten them on how widespread misleading information is on social
media. Moreover, this study will help them be more thorough with the information they
consume online.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION
This study focuses on how the use of social media affects the registered voters in
choosing a presidential candidate. The researchers gathered data among fifty-three (53)
registered voters in the college division of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines,
Manila. The study was conducted in April 2022, a month before the presidential
elections.
The research will not cover the impact of social media on voting for other
government positions. Registered voters outside of the college division of Polytechnic
University of the Philippines, Manila are not within the scope of the research. The study
would be conducted through the utilization of an online questionnaire.
HYPOTHESIS
From the problem stated above, the following hypotheses were formulated:
H0: There is no significant relationship between the use of social media and the
decision-making of voters.
H1: There is a significant relationship between the use of social media and the
decision-making of voters.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This study focuses on how exposure to misleading information could affect a
voter’s perceptions towards political candidates, and ultimately, their voting decision.
The figure shows that the presence of false information on social media could impact
voter knowledge of a candidate and result in their election vote.
Input Process Output

Voters’ preferred
presidential candidate
1. Data collection through Impact of social media and
False information on social online questionnaire fake news on the decision-
media making of voters.
2. Organization of
Voters’ frequency of responses Improved awareness
exposure to fake news towards fake news.
3. Analysis of data
Source of information for
voters
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This research was based on the study of McCornack (1992) in Information
manipulation theory where he stated, “deceptive messages function deceptively
because they covertly violate the principles that govern conversational exchanges.”
McCornack (1992) believes that speakers can take advantage of any or all of these
assumptions by manipulating the information they have in order to deceive listeners.
McCornack (1992) also states that information is manipulated in “one (or any

combination) of four primary ways: manipulating the amount of information that is
disclosed, distorting the information that is disclosed, presenting the information in an
equivocal fashion, and/or presenting information that is irrelevant to the preceding
discourse.”
The theory is relevant to the study as it describes how information is
manipulated. McCornack (1992) stated that “individuals can "play" with the information
they disclose in at least two different ways: they can adjust the amount of information
that is disclosed, and they can choose to disclose false information.” A connection can
be made between social media and information manipulation. Social media plays a big
part in the spread of fake news with its ease of access and high number of users.
Therefore, more people are susceptible to fake news. Pennycook et al. (2018, p. 1865)
defined fake news as "entirely fabricated and often partisan content that is presented as
factual." According to an examination of how the word has been used in academic
studies, "fake news" has been used to refer to a wide range of content, from political
satires and news parodies to state propaganda and deceptive advertising (Tandoc et
al., 2017).
This theory serves as a guide for our research instrument as we presented the
respondents with factual and misleading information. The misleading information has
been tampered by distorting the information and presenting the information in an
equivocal fashion.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

There are numerous factors to consider before casting votes, as well as various
types of false information. Here are some keywords to help you better comprehend the
contents of the research:
Disinformation - false information that is deliberately spread
Misleading Information - any public statement that contains a material
misrepresentation or omission of fact that is likely to create an unjustified
expectation about results the provider can achieve
Misinformation - occurs when people hold incorrect factual beliefs and do so
confidently
Misperception - a wrong or incorrect understanding or interpretation
Manipulation - to control or play upon by artful, unfair, or insidious means
especially to one's own advantage
Redound - To contribute greatly or to be conducive to something or someone
Disseminate - Spread (something, usually a piece of information) widely
Hoax - A piece of malicious information that's meant to deceive
Social Media - platforms that allow users to share information, have
conversations and create web content.
Policy - a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government,
party, business, or individual.
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
FOREIGN RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Mass media is a crucial tool for any political parties or candidates that intend to
reach out to parts of the population who would have otherwise not known of their
political messages delivered through rallies (Obot, 2013). In countries such as the
United States, it is shown that 240 million people listen to the AM/FM radio, 226 million
watch Live+DVR/Time-shifted television, and upwards of around 4.54 billion people use
the internet around the world (Kemp, 2021).
Social media is a very accessible outlet throughout the world, as anyone with an
internet connection has access to it. It plays an important role in a person’s daily life as
it helps with easing everyday tasks, such as shopping and performing work, effectively
transforming one's lifestyle. Social media remains one of the easiest ways people can
easily connect with each other in modern times (Siddiqui & Singh, 2016). Social media
has also become a means for knowledge sharing and communication, not only on an
individual level but also for larger organizations (Ahmed et al., 2019)
The accessibility of media sparked broad debates on how “fake news” has
circulated in social media, as seen in the United States’ 2016 presidential elections
(Valeriani, 2016). Studies were conducted to show how much misleading information
affected the outcome of the said election in particular. Results showed that most people
did not think that the presented news to them were true as there was a very strong link
between the belief of the news being true and how the people made their decisions on
whom to vote for (Gunther, Beck, & Nebset, 2018). Another study shows that contrary to
popular belief, media exposure has little relationship to voters’ images of candidates,
and factors such as their prior political attitudes and educational levels have a stronger
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relationship than social media (Weaver, 1996). Anecdotal evidence also suggests that
only in some situations does social media have an extensive effect on personal and
managerial decisions (Power & Phillips-Wren, 2011).
Disinformation and misinformation are quite widespread across messaging
platforms. One such example is WhatsApp, where incorrect information is usually edited
to look like real news articles, videos, or photos and forwarded amongst group chats. A
study where media was collected from 130 public WhatsApp group chats showed that
misinformation present throughout various chats favored a certain candidate in Brazil’s
2018 presidential elections (Howard, Kira, Kollanyi, Machado, Narayanan, 2019), that
candidate then won. These results prove evidence that misinformation through social
media influences the outcome of political events, such as the elections.
Halpern, Katz, Miranda, & Valenzuela (2019) discussed that the ability to share
information on social media increases eagerness for political activities, and along with it,
increases the chances of misinformation spreading online. The informative applications
of social media make real-time news articles, live streams, and other forms of objective
online reports readily accessible to any person with an internet connection. These spur
enthusiasm among people to raise their levels of political engagement. However, this
arrangement has given rise to the formation of hate groups, engagements in online
harassment, and state-sponsored propaganda. The spread of disinformation to put
down their opposition or further their status is common amongst those who engage in
the previously mentioned activities. DiResta (2020) expands on this by stating that
“Usually disinformation is put to use to achieve a particular objective, often political.”
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This can be widely observed during elections. An example given by DiResta (2020) is
the selective reporting of real happenings and the stitching of separate events to form a
narrative that one can claim as true. However, the following belief in and sharing of
misinformation and fake news may more often stem from inattention than from the
intention to spread false information (Pennycook & Rand, 2021). The spread of
misinformation from its source is likely to have been caused by inattention and lack of
energy to research and confirm the contents of a post before sharing it online. This
causes misinformation to reach people from different areas of a country at a rapid pace.
LOCAL RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
The people's will shall be the foundation of the government's authority; this will
shall be expressed in periodic and authentic elections, which shall be held by secret
vote or equivalent free voting methods and shall be held by universal and equal suffrage
(Article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948). Every person should
have the right and opportunity to vote and be elected in legitimate periodic elections that
are held by secret ballot and are held by universal and equal suffrage, ensuring the free
expression of the electors' will (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,
March 1976). Suffrage is the right to vote or the exercise of that right (Heywood, 1987).
In the Philippines, the election of public officials is one of the most socially
engaging events. Some voters are referred to as "diehards'' because of their
unwavering support for their preferred candidates (Velmonte, 2020). As a result, it is
preferable that voters' impressions of the political process be within acceptable bounds.
The findings revealed that procedures and processes for Awareness, Requirement
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Attainment, and Election Day are in place in five of Cebu Province's selected
municipalities. Additionally, voters are more inclined to take part in election-related
events and programs. However, issues such as vote-buying, partisanship, political
dynasties, and overcrowding precinct areas must be addressed immediately by those in
authority (Velmonte, 2020). It is advised that the Commission on Elections (COMELEC)
conduct intensive voter education programs in the barangays, particularly at the
grassroots level. For better understanding by the participants, discussions or lectures
may be conducted in the regional language of the specific location. Reading materials
for voter education could be in their native languages as well. It is also suggested that
other industries and non-governmental groups get involved in help bring voter education
to a larger audience and target market. As a basis, it is strongly suggested that the
Commission on Elections provides a means for voters to learn everything they can
about the candidates they will vote for (Velmonte, 2020).
The term "fake news" was defined by the participants based on its content and
context. The growing definition is that it deceives social media users by providing
inaccurate or twisted information. It is a misnomer considering news has to be correct,
timely, and verified. As the respondents' definitions and perspectives on "fake news"
were grouped, seven categories emerged. Attack, information, headlines, mind
programming, opinion, intents, and users are among them. The beliefs and biases of
the origin of the postings, authority-based information sources, scientific expertise, and
the visual appearances of the posts or shared information are all perceived elements in
the spread of "fake news" on social media. The time spent on social media, the
frequency of “false news” recognized or studied on their timeline, and their cognitive
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ability can all be assessed. Participants' metrics and determinants of 'fake news' are
classified in terms of content, context, semantics, structure, and user–receiver. It is also
suggested that a contextualized metric system or algorithm be constructed as a model
for young Filipinos, which should involve discussions of science, technology, and
society. Further research and development of logical-mathematical metrics for Filipino
learners are deemed necessary. The belief in the prevalence of false accounts
functioning as digital influencers to confuse social media users with distorted facts has
resulted in the spread of "fake news" across various social media platforms. According
to neuroscience literature, persons who are frequently exposed to "fake news" may
have their cognitive abilities harmed. This study recommends that an experimental
study be undertaken among Filipino students to determine the true effects of "fake
news" on their social media accounts (Pazon, 2018).
According to the data gathered, respondents use gadgets and social media,
particularly Facebook, in their daily lives, increasing their chances of accessing and
receiving fake political news from the internet. Fake political news is spread through the
use of social media accounts, so their chances of being exposed to political fake news
on the internet are high. Respondents use electronics and social media for a variety of
reasons, including communicating with family and friends, conducting research for
academic purposes, and for leisure, such as consuming celebrity-related content and
viewing humorous videos and photographs on the internet. Criteria are used by the
people to judge the articles and news they receive, and analyze and determine whether
the news is reliable and can be trusted (Besmonte, 2019).
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Fake news is quick to become widespread on social media because it appeals to
people’s prejudices and exploits their trust in their friends and family. As a result, before
it is shared, the material is less reviewed. Fake news also exploits human preferences
in order to promote a confirmed hypothesis. Even if the "evidence" is fabricated, fake
news claims are sometimes backed by "proof." Its sensational quality creates an
emotional response, leading to people refusing to verify the information. The internet
and social media have transformed the ease with which individuals engage,
transforming them from content consumers to content producers and distributors
(Marlina, 2020). Scholars recently divided false news into two categories:
misinformation and disinformation. Misinformation is erroneous information that is
spread accidentally on online platforms. There is no propaganda motive, and there is
certainly no political intention. Disinformation seeks to persuade users to support a
certain political group or individual. “Disinformation is orchestrated, it’s funded...it’s
planned. In politics, it’s run by professionals,” with fake online accounts and the
machinery that produces and disseminates false stories, legitimate concerns and
problems of ordinary citizens, minority groups, and various sectors can be silenced by
ideological or political rivals. These groups can manipulate public opinion to favor the
political, economic, or ideological interests of a particular group, sector, or politician.
Legitimate voices are drowned out in favor of paid voices that want to skew public
opinion (Quilinguing, 2019). Almost nine out of ten Filipinos who use the internet to
access their social media accounts are aware of fake news, according to a recent Pulse
Asia survey. Almost all of them, or 98 percent, access social media accounts via the
web. Eighty-eight percent of individuals who go online to check their social media
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accounts are aware of fake news, and the vast majority (79 percent) believe "they
consider fake news to be widespread on social media.". (Leahy, 2018). Due to the
general assumption that there are false accounts functioning as digital influencers to
confuse social media users with distorted facts, “fake news” continues to spread across
various social media platforms. Research in neuroscience suggests that those who
were constantly exposed to “fake news” had their cognitive abilities harmed. This paper
recommends doing an experimental study with Filipino students to determine the
consequences of having “fake news” on their social media accounts (Pazon, 2018).
SUMMARY
The accessibility of social media increases the chances of exposure to political
disinformation and misinformation. While some people are perceptive enough to tell that
a piece of media could contain fake information, others fall victim to believing in and
spreading it. The spread of disinformation could be caused by the will of an individual or
group of supporters to steer others’ support towards their political perspective, while the
spread of misinformation could be caused as a result of inattention, belief due to
personal prejudice, or trust in the friend or relative who shared the media with them. The
presence of such misleading information across social media platforms gives rise to
consequences such as negative effects on cognitive ability, misjudgment of political
candidates, misinformed votes, and more. With all this existing information, the
researchers aim to further improve and contribute to the knowledge available in this
area of study.
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PART 2
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
The study to be conducted is a descriptive quantitative research study.
Quantitative research methods revolve around numerical data with consequent
indisputable reasoning and employ statistical and other mathematical techniques. The
researchers will collect quantitative data with the use of surveys with assigned scales,
which will allow for efficient use of statistical techniques during the data analysis
process. A descriptive quantitative design involves the one-time measurement of the
variables involved (Babbie, 2010). Correspondingly, the digital surveys will only be open
to one set of responses from every selected participant.
To fulfill the research questions, the study will implement the explanatory
correlational research design. According to McCombes (2019), the chosen design
allows the researcher to assess the relationship between the dependent and
independent variables without manipulating either of them. It is adopted when the
researcher desires to study or depict the connection between two or more variables.
The primary purpose of such a design is to discover the extent to which variables are
covary or if changes in a variable are reflected in the other. This research design is in
line with the title as it aims to analyze and know more about the relationship between
misleading information found online as the independent variable and voters’ decisions
as to the dependent variable.
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POPULATION FRAME AND SAMPLE SIZE
The overall population of Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila is
51,190. There are 40,811 undergraduate students in school year 2021-2022 (as of
October 13,2021). The voluntary response sampling method was employed. The
chosen to sample method involves the respondents fulfilling the given research survey
of their own volition. Public announcements regarding our research study were posted
online on various social media platforms as the primary procedure for gathering
respondents. Through this, the researchers could gather fifty-three (53) respondents
that can take part in the 2022 Philippine Elections—with no restriction on the location
they are currently residing in. To fulfill the objectives of the research study, the
respondents were required to be Filipino citizens, registered voters, active on social
media and students of Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila.
DESCRIPTION OF RESPONDENTS
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RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA
19

PART 3
RESULTS
Present your results according to your Statement of the Problem.
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
20

PART 4
DISCUSSION
Summary of the Result (Answers to your Statement of the Problem (SOP). Per Item
discussion)
Conclusion (Answers your over-all SOP. Relate to RRL)
Recommendations (Suggestions that you can give to the beneficiaries of your study (refer
to Significance of the study)
21

REFERENCES
AMAUOED uses American Psychological Association (APA) 6th edition style of writing
references.
Admission: (+63)956-386-1714. ix
APPENDICES
Admission: (+63)956-386-1714. x
Appendix A: Research Instrument
Admission: (+63)956-386-1714. xi
Appendix B: Topic Proposal Sheet
Admission: (+63)956-386-1714. xii
Appendix C: Final Defense Score Sheet
Admission: (+63)956-386-1714. xiii
BIOGRAPHY
In paragraph form, you will discuss your personal information in the first paragraph. 2 nd
paragraph will tackle about your educational background and the last paragraph will explain
your personal purpose and reasons for studying this topic research. Don’t forget to attach your
2x2 picture.
Admission: (+63)956-386-1714. xiv

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AMA UNIVERSITY ONLINE EDUCATION

Senior High School Department

“THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE PRESIDENTIAL

ANGELES, JOYCE HANNAH

Approved by the COMMITTEE ON FINAL ORAL EXAMINATION on

with indentation on the first line.

- Name of the researcher

Title : THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE PRESIDENTIAL

Adviser : Prof. Name MI. Surname

Program : GRADE 12 - Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)

School : AMA University Online Education

The residents of Sorrento Village

worldwide, therefore Filipinos are more exposed to misinformation. False information is

replicated, causing real-world consequences.

of the study is to see if misinformation has a substantial impact on a voter's decision.

Findings beget to the promotion of media literacy knowledge and understanding.

Keywords: Social Media, Presidential Candidates, Philippine Election, Registered

(NOTE: HIDE THE TABLE’S BORDER ONCE DONE)

The Problem and its Background ……………...…………………………… xx

Part II. Methodology

Research Design ……………………………………………………………… xx

Part III. Results

Data Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis …...…………….………… xx

Part IV. Discussion

Summary of the Result ………………………………………………….....… xx

Table # Titles Page

Table # Titles Page

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Democracy, as defined in Merriam-Webster, is a form of government in which

like disinformation, political marketing, data breaches, and hate speech in an

Amongst the vast set of social media phenomenon, misleading information is

party to fact-check (Alcott & Gentzkow, 2017).

voting process continues to be jeopardized by gaps in the platforms' standards, since

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE SELECTION OF SELECTED

and social media platforms, resulting in widespread real-world consequences. To build

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE SELECTION OF SELECTED

Peoples Empowerment Center (Neil, 2021).

from September 1 to 7 of 2018, respondents amount to a total number of 1,800. The

(“Pulse Asia: 88% of Filipino”, 2018)

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE SELECTION OF SELECTED

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

of the selected registered voters in choosing a presidential candidate.

Specifically, the researchers attempt to answer these specific problems:

1. What social media sites/apps do voters frequently use?

5. How often do voters get exposed to fake news?

6. How does social media impact the decision-making of registered voters?

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

choosing a Presidential Candidate of Registered Voters of Polytechnic University of the

The following are the study's aims in detail:

a. Determine if social media poses as a factor in choosing a presidential candidate.

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE SELECTION OF SELECTED

c. Assess whether fake news affects voters’ decision making.

d. Determine which social media platform is prone to fake news.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

country’s future leaders will be.

Specifically, the study will be beneficial to the following:

research will enlighten them on how widespread misleading information is on social

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE SELECTION OF SELECTED

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

government positions. Registered voters outside of the college division of Polytechnic

would be conducted through the utilization of an online questionnaire.

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE SELECTION OF SELECTED