LIVING in IT ERA

prepared by: Wheingelito A. Pascua

 AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
a period of technological improvement and increased
crop productivity that occurred during the
18th and early 19th centuries
in Europe.
 The transition to new
manufacturing processes in
Europe and the US, in the
period from about 1760 to
sometime between 1820 and
1840.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
DIGITAL REVOLUTION
Also known as the Third
Industrial Revolution, is the
shift
from mechanical and analogue
electronic technology to digital
electronics which began
anywhere from the late 1950s
to the late 1970s with the
adoption and proliferation of
digital computers and digital
record keeping that continues
to the present day.
 4 Phases of Digital Revolution

Cloud Computing
provides access to information,
applications, communications, and
storage over the internet
Network Computing
a group of computers liked
together to SHARE data and
resources. (Internet)
Personal Computing
characterized by small, standalone
computers powered by local
software.
Data Processing
Based on an input-processing -output
cycle. Data goes into a computer, it is
processed, and then it is output.
• Freedom of Speech
the right to express any opinions without censorship or
restraint.

• Right to Privacy
refers to the concept that one's personal information is
protected from public scrutiny.

• Intellectual Property
a work or invention that is the result of creativity, such as a
manuscript or a design, to which one has rights and for
which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc.
•Freedom of Speech

“You don’t have an unlimited right to say

anything at all,
you will never have that right,
and you can still live in a repressive society even
if you do have such a right.”
•Right to Privacy

The rights held by people offline must also

be protected online, and it called upon all States
to respect and protect the right to privacy in
digital communication.
• Intellectual Property Rights

Piracy - the unauthorized use or reproduction of another's

work.

Well it’s 30 years later and music is not dead. In fact, many
musicians would argue that it is the recording companies that
are killing music by stifling collaboration and creativity.

The corporate model for the music industry is becoming

obsolete and musicians are no longer dependent on record
companies to produce their work.

Any company that does not adapt to its current environment

will be left behind and eventually perish.
Information Technology
• The Merriam-Webster Dictionary definition:

“the technology involving the development,

maintenance, and use of computer systems,
software, and networks for the processing and
distribution of data.”

• Merriam-Webster states that the term was first used in 1978.

source: vistacollege.edu
Information Technology
The key point of information technology is that it involves

”Processing of Data by Computers”

construction of computers
the processing of information by manual or
mechanical methods
source: vistacollege.edu
Information Technology

Computers existed before 1978, but they were mainly used to

perform complicated calculations.

Once computers were applied to indexing and sorting written

information, the term
“information technology”
was invented.

source: vistacollege.edu
Information Technology

IT is a rapidly evolving field, and anyone choosing a

career in information technology should expect to
encounter change on a regular basis.

IT staff often retrain as new technology arrives and older

systems are retired. A brief review of the history of IT will
illustrate how much the field has changed in a relatively
short period.

source: vistacollege.edu
 History of Information Technology
First office application appearing in 1951.

In the early days of computing, most computer operations were

reduced to calculations.

The programs that drove them had to communicate directly with

elements of the computer.
The capabilities and design of computers developed rapidly through the forties and fifties, with the first office
application appearing in 1951.

In the early days of computing, most computer operations were reduced to calculations. The programs that
drove them had to communicate directly with elements of the computer.

For example, to add one number to another, the programmer would have to write an instruction to fetch one
number from an area of storage into a register and then fetch the second number from another named area of
storage and add it in the same register.
source: vistacollege.edu
 History of Information Technology

Information technology, as we know

it today, could never have happened
without the development of natural
language programming.
Early programming language involved a series of codes, which were numbers. Early computer
programmers usually came from a mathematics background.

In the 1950s and early 1960s, if you wanted to be a computer programmer you would have to first
get a bachelor’s degree in mathematics. When electronic computers first appeared in the 1960s,
established computing staff all came from electrical and mechanical engineering, mathematics,
and statistics backgrounds. New skills requirements meant that the first information technology
jobs went to engineers and mathematicians.
source: vistacollege.edu
 History of Information Technology

The concept of a compiler,

or interpreter, became
possible.
As computers evolved, the concept of a compiler, or interpreter, became possible. This is a program that is
permanently resident on the computer and is the very basis of an operating system. The interpreter could
translate programs written in very basic instruction sets – called assembly languages – into the machine
instruction code.
source: vistacollege.edu
 History of Information Technology
By the late 1960s,
screens, keyboards, text editors, and
languages
such as FORTRAN and COBOL, made programming
available to those interested in a career in business,
rather than only to scientists and engineers.
Scientists and engineers continued to advance computing. Programmers,
business analysts, and commissioning enterprises created the field of
information technology.
source: vistacollege.edu
 Networks and PCs put computers on the desks
of non-computing staff, and the application of
computing to business processes required the
creation of specialists to create, adapt, and maintain
both the hardware and software that would support
business activities.
Universities and defense establishments dominated the development of computing in the forties, fifties, and sixties, but business requirements
pushed forward the evolution of information technology.

The concept of information technology jobs, as distinct from computing jobs, first emerged in the early seventies.

The invention of the spreadsheet and the word processor brought stable applications that enabled office workers to increase their productivity.
Software packages for businesses created a new branch in IT, which created different types of IT jobs even within a given discipline.
For example, anyone who wanted to be a programmer could choose a career path working in the IT department of a corporation. Or they could forge
a career working in a software house.

source: vistacollege.edu

Revolution of Information
The diversification of IT restricted
the career paths of workers.

Specialist languages, adapted to different functions in IT, emerged and segregated programming staff into categories.
A business running a database needed programmers experienced in Oracle or SAP programming, and it also needed C
programmers to write networking software.

C programmers specializing in network applications would not be considered for jobs writing database applications.
The diversification of IT actually restricted the career paths of workers. More computers in the world meant more work
in IT; however, people trained in a language that never took off, such as Smalltalk, would soon find themselves
unemployed.

source: vistacollege.edu

Revolution of Information
 Progressive flexibility of the labor
force meant that businesses
became less willing to retrain
employees who were stuck in dead
end technologies.
Some lucky specialists found themselves with skills that were in
high demand, but in short supply. This caused their earning
potential to rocket while those skilled in retired technology found
themselves unemployed.
source: vistacollege.edu

Revolution of Information
 Expansion of
Education
Companies offering jobs in information
technology required entrants already schooled
in the concepts of processing data. This led to
universities creating computing degree courses
in the 1970s and then specifically IT-related
degree courses through the eighties and
nineties.
Choosing the right degree course, however, is a difficult task. Universities need to train
students in technology that is currently in operation because businesses demand graduates
with knowledge of the systems that they employ. source: vistacollege.edu

However, the pace of change in IT is so fast that the industry might already have moved on to
other technologies by the time the student graduates. This causes the universities to include
emerging technologies in the courses they offer, even though some of those nascent
developments might never make it to commercial operation.
Expansion of
Education
Blending an IT course with business
studies, accountancy, or psychology
enables a student to tailor an
education that points toward a target
career path.
Rapidly changing technologies also encouraged universities and colleges to offer much
shorter diploma courses that enable students to enter the workplace before their newly
acquired knowledge becomes obsolete. Such courses tend to focus on one or two
aspects of IT careers, such as network administration or software support. source: vistacollege.edu

Colleges and specialist IT schools offer one- or two-week courses that enable people
already working in IT to train in new technology. These courses are usually paid for by
the employer and are necessary when a business intends to overhaul its IT
infrastructure.
 Internet
The creation of the World Wide Web,
which began in 1990, transformed the
Internet into an accessible vehicle for
information sharing.
The Internet was first created in the seventies, but was only
known to researchers in universities for more than a
decade. The creation of the World Wide Web, which began
in 1990, transformed the Internet into an accessible vehicle
for information sharing.
source: vistacollege.edu
 Internet
By the beginning of the 21st century, the
World Wide Web began to be adopted by
businesses as a communication and sales
method. The fastest development since 2010
has been the adoption of cloud computing,
which enables business software and data
services to be accessed over the web.
source: vistacollege.edu
 Internet
Business practices are adapting.

Many IT functions can now be outsourced to specialist service providers

Employees may work from home.

The expansion of the office to any and many locations in the world presents
new and exciting careers opportunities in IT.
Thanks to the Internet, business practices are adapting. Many IT
functions can now be outsourced to specialist service providers
and employees may work from home. Thus, the expansion of the
office to any and many locations in the world presents new and
exciting careers opportunities in IT.
source: vistacollege.edu
The rapid pace of change in technology provides a prospective IT student
with two options;

The first career strategy is to earn a bachelor’s degree that

has sufficient breadth to offer business skills as well as IT
knowledge.

The alternative path involves picking an IT function and

rapidly gaining qualifications in that field.
No matter which option you choose, a qualification in an IT-related field is essential to gaining employment in
IT. Companies rarely train clerical staff to transfer over to the IT department. They want specialists, and the only
way you can get a foot on the bottom rung of the ladder is by getting qualified.

Information technology offers a range of high-paying jobs, but you have to decide what really interests you
before you begin your career. If you don’t find technology exciting, you would probably hate your IT job, no
matter how well it pays. However, thanks to the diversity of information technology, you can work toward an IT
career that builds on your skills and interests by blending in other business knowledge. source: vistacollege.edu

IT Career Options