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Physics Activity Sheets, Measurement Accuracy Precision Graphs
Physics Activity Sheets, Measurement Accuracy Precision Graphs
Physics Activity Sheets, Measurement Accuracy Precision Graphs
Behind these products and services people utilize are science principles.
Through the results of scientific discoveries, various tools, processes and products have
been invented and enhanced.
In this module, you will examine those questions as you take the following lessons:
EXPECTED SKILLS:
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Let’s find out how much you already know about this module.
A. MATCHING TYPE: Match the fields of physics in Column B with the descriptions in
Column A.
Column A A. Astrophysics
______1. It deals with laws and methods, B. Atomic Physics
observations, principles that relate C. Biophysics
electricity and magnetism. D. Electromagnetism
______2. It deals with the application of physical E. Geophysics
science to explain life processes. F. Mechanics
______3. It deals with the motion of objects with or G. Nuclear Physics
without reference of force. H. Physical Chemistry
______4. It deals with the structure and composition I. Plasma Physics
of the Earth and is applied in locating J. Solid State Physics
subsurface petroleum, mineral deposits
and water supplies.
______5. It is concerned with the properties of
highly ionized atoms forming a mixture of
bare nuclei and electrons.
______6. It is concerned with the structure and
properties of solid materials.
______7. It is concerned with the structure and
properties of the atom.
______8. It is concerned with the structure,
properties and reactions of the nuclei of
atom.
______9. It is concerned with the study of Physics of
the astronomical bodies.
______10. It is concerned with the study of the
chemical properties of matter and the
influence of fluid turbulence, temperature,
pressure, electricity and light.
Column B
A. Student A
B. Student B
C. Student C
D. Cannot be determined
______12. Which student on the data below is the most precise AND accurate in
determining the melting point of sucrose?
A. Student A
B. Student B
C. Student C
D. Cannot be determined
______13. Find the percent error. Round to the nearest tenth of a percent.
Estimated length: 32 in. Actual length: 54 in.
A. 27.4% B. 70.4% C. 41.8% D. 40.7%
______14. How do you write an ordered pair?
A. (X,X) B. (Y,X) C. (X,Y) D. (Y,Y)
A. A C. R
B. M D. L
A. direct variation
B. inverse variation
C. neither direct nor inverse variation
D. insufficient data
●
●
●
●
A. direct variation
B. inverse variation
C. neither direct nor inverse variation
D. insufficient data
______20. .
A. direct variation C. joint variation
B. inverse variation D. none of these
EXPLORE
Physics is derived from the Greek word “physika” which means “natural things”. It is a
science that deals with the properties of matter and energy, and the interaction between
them.
You cannot dissociate yourself from the world of physics. Look around you, observe the
sky, the houses in your neighborhood, and listen to the sounds that reach you from the
street. Everything you see, hear, or feel has some link with physics.
Physics plays an important role in your daily life as the natural world is governed by the
laws of physics. Consider the following everyday life definitions of physics:
In general, a physicist must have wonder, inquiry, creativity, patience, love for work,
perseverance, open-mindedness, reverence for men and nature, and humility.
The following activity will solicit your concept of how science, technology and the
society are interrelated to one another.
ACTIVITY 1 – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
ACTIVITY 1 - A: THE DEFINITION OF SCIENCE: is defined as
_______________________________
SCIENCE _______________________________
may be classified into three major branches _______________________________
1._____________________ 1._____________________
2._____________________ 2._____________________
3._____________________ 3._____________________
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 4._____________________ 4._____________________
5._____________________
6._____________________
1._____________________
2._____________________
3._____________________ PHYSICAL SCIENCES
4._____________________
5._____________________ NOTE: To fill-in the given boxes, refer to the
1._____________________ fields of science listed in the box below.
6._____________________
2._____________________
7._____________________
3._____________________
8._____________________
4._____________________
9._____________________
5._____________________
SCIENCE
Science to Technology Society to Science
Technology to Science
Science to Society
TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY
Society to Technology
Technology to Society
Physics is divided into two main branches – classical physics and modern physics.
Classical physics refers to the traditional topics in physics that were recognized and
developed before the beginning of the 20th century. These topics are concerned with
matter and energy under normal conditions.
Modern physics, on the other hand, refers to concepts in physics that have surfaced
since the beginning of the 20th century. This branch is mostly concerned with the
behavior of matter and energy under extreme conditions.
All fields of science have been developing rapidly and links between them were
established. Chemists and astronomers then had to be knowledgeable about physics.
Biologists had to be familiar with chemistry and physics. The inclusion of astronomy,
chemistry geology, and biology to physics thus became necessary. These gave birth to
the recently known branches of physics such as: astrophysics, physical chemistry,
geophysics, biophysics, etc.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Who do you think among the scientists mentioned above has contributed a lot in the field of physics?
How did he change the world? ________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. If you will invent an instrument or gadget (supported by the government) that will benefit your
countrymen, what will it be? Why? ____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
FIRM UP
Physics without mathematics is unthinkable. In fact, throughout your study of physics,
you will find out that the basic rules governing the behavior of nature are readily
expressed in mathematical form.
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Numerical values of measurement results are composed of digits known with complete
certainty and those considered an estimate. These digits are called significant figures.
RULES IN COUNTING THE NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
1. All nonzero digits are significant.
Example: 2 596 - 4 significant figures
2. All zeros between nonzero digits are significant.
Example: 60.08 - 4 significant figures
3. Zeros to the right of a nonzero digit but to the left of an understood decimal point are
not significant unless indicated significant by a bar.
Example: 200 000 - 1 significant figure
200 000 - 5 significant figures
₱2000 - 4 significant figures
4. All zeros to the right of a decimal point but to the left of a nonzero digit are not
significant.
Example: 0.004 21 - 3 significant figures
5. All zeroes found to the right of the decimal point and to the right of a nonzero digit are
significant.
Example: 0.003 080 - 4 significant figures
6. Exponential numbers have no effect on the number of significant figures.
Example: 5.20 x 10-3 - 3 significant figures
Why is counting the number of significant figures necessary? It is because the result or
final answer to a mathematical problem should be expressed in accordance with the
least number of significant figures among the quantities given in the problem. In
general, the number of significant figures of a numerical quantity is the number of
reliably known digits and is based on the precision of the instrument used in measuring
the quantity.
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
K
The shorter way of writing a very large and very small number, in the form: N x 10 is
called scientific notation.
HOW TO WRITE NUMBERS IN SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
1. Move the decimal point after the first significant digit.
2. Indicate the number of times the decimal point is moved as the power of 10.
RULE 1: FOR NUMBERS < 1
N x 10 –K power k is always NEGATIVE
RULE 2: FOR NUMBER > 1
N x 10 K power k is always POSITIVE
FIRM UP
ACTIVITY 5 – WHAT IS MEASUREMENT?
A. PARTS OF THE BODY AS UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
Fill in the blank spaces in the table by measuring the parts of your own body.
It was originally measured as the length of three barley grains placed end to end. Distance from tip of the
thumb to first knuckle.
INCH My INCH = _______________________________ INCHES
Distance from the shoulder to end of the middle finger with arm outstretched.
Length of a single step. In Roman times one pace was a double step.
QUESTIONS:
1. Compare your results with your classmates. Explain your observations.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How do you think will the use of body parts affect measurement results in general?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is measurement?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 6 – ACCURACY AND PRECISION
DEFINITIONS:
A. Accuracy – how close a measurement is to _______________________________
2. Here is more data. Is this more precise, less precise or the same precision as
the above data? ___________
TEAM 1 TEAM 2 TEAM 3 TEAM 4 TEAM 5 TEAM 6 TEAM 7
2.60 g/cm3 2.70 g/cm3 2.80 g/cm3 2.75 g/cm3 2.65 g/cm3 2.62 g/cm3 2.78 g/cm3
Show your process.
Note: To compare the precision of data, take a look at the ± Deviation from the average. The larger the
deviation, the farther apart are the values making them less precise.
ACTIVITY 8 – CALCULATING FOR THE DEGREE OF ACCURACY
Accuracy in measurement is determined by calculating the Percentage of Error. The greater its
value, the less accurate the measurement is. The lesser its, the more accurate the
measurement is.
% error = | | x 100 %
1. A student estimated the mass to be 250 g, but upon carefully measuring it, he found the
actual mass to be 240 g. What is his percentage of error?
2. A student measured the temperature of boiling water and got an experimental reading of
97.5 OC, however the true boiling point of water is exactly 100 OC. What is the percent error?
EXERCISES:
A measurement was taken three times. The correct measurement was 68.1 mL. Circle
whether the set of measurements is accurate, precise, both or neither.
a. 78.1 mL, 43.9 mL, 2 mL accurate precise both neither
FIRM UP
ERRORS IN MEASUREMENT
1. GROSS ERROR
• generally the fault of the person using the instruments
• such as incorrect reading, incorrect recording, and incorrect calculation
• They can be avoided only by taking care in using and reading all instruments.
2. SYSTEMATIC ERROR
• Systematic errors in experimental observations usually come from the measuring
instruments and environmental factors.
• Instrumental errors occur due to wrong construction of the measuring instruments.
These types of errors include loading effect and misuse of the instruments. In order to
reduce the errors due to faulty instruments, the extreme condition instrument must be
recalibrated carefully.
• The external conditions of the instrument can result to instrumental errors. External
conditions mainly include pressure, temperature, humidity or due to magnetic fields. In
order to reduce the environmental errors
• Try to maintain the humidity and temperature constant in the laboratory by making some
arrangements.
• Ensure that there shall not be any external electrostatic or magnetic field around the
instrument.
3. RANDOM ERRORS
• These errors are due to unknown causes and occur even when all systematic errors
have been accounted for.
• This variation cannot be corrected by any method of calibration or other known method
of control.
• Random errors may be avoided by increasing the number of readings and using
statistical means to obtain the best approximation of the true value of the quantity under
measurement.
FIRM UP
KINDS OF PROPORTION OR VARIATION BETWEEN VARIABLES
A. DIRECT PROPRTION – as one quantity increases, the other quantity also increases
Expressed in the equation: y = kx
where: k – constant of the variation; y – dependent variable; x – independent variable
1. GIVEN: A = lw
FIND THE EQUATION FOR:
a. l
b. W
DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN:
a. Length and Area
b. Width and Length
c. Area and Width
2. GIVEN: d = gt2
FIND THE EQUATION FOR:
a. g
b. t
DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN:
a. Distance and square of time
b. Acceleration due to gravity and square of time
c. Distance and acceleration due to gravity
3. GIVEN: Fe = k
FIND THE EQUATION FOR:
a. c.
b. d. k
DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN:
a. k and Fe c. Fe and q1·q2
b. Fe and r2 d. q1·q2 and r2
4. GIVEN: d = 2π √
FIND THE EQUATION FOR:
a. m
b. k
DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN:
a. d2 and m c. m and k
b. d2 and k
DEEPEN
ACTIVITY 11 – CAREERS IN PHYSICS
INSTRUCTION: Name five (5) fields of specialization related to physics and the corresponding
careers that one could pursue after college.
FIELD OF SPECIALIZATION CAREERS
TRANSFER
KINDS OF DATA:
A. QUALITATIVE DATA – are non-numerical information describing objects or situations
B. QUANTITATIVE DATA – data expressing a certain quantity, amount or range.
A graph provides a picture of the relationships existing between the variables in a given set of
data. A smooth-line graph displays information as a series of data points called 'markers' and
how they are connected to form a line (may take the shape of a parabola, hyperbola or a
smooth-straight line graph) used to determine the trend of the variation between variables,
rather than how the points are plotted in the graph.
STEPS IN PREPARING A GRAPHICAL REPRESENATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA
1. Identify the dependent and independent variables.
Dependent Variable – the variable being tested in a scientific experiment and whose
value depends on another variable (also called the y-variable)
Independent Variable - the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific
experiment and whose value does not depend on that of another (also called the x-
variable)
2. Use the most convenient scale of the coordinate axis and calibrate each axis equally.
3. Plot the points and draw the graph
Line of Best Fit is drawn if the points do not lie on a straight line but show a straight line
trend.
4. Determine the kind of relationship existing between the variables of the graph.
5. Express the relationship in equation form.
6. Calculate the constant of variation k.
7. Perform interpolation and extrapolation to estimate other values for the given variables.
Extrapolation is a process of estimating values that lie beyond the graph by extending it.
Interpolation is the process of estimating values between two points of a graph.
EXAMPLE:
1. Consider the dependence of the circumference (C) of the circle on its diameter (D) in
the given table.
DIAMETER CIRCUMFERENCE
(cm) (cm)
1 3.14
2 6.28
3 9.42
4 12.56
5.5 ?
? 8.00
7.5 3.14
15 6.28
20 9.42
? 12.56
80 96
2400 ?
8 3.2
15 6
25 ?
37.5 15
? 22
a. Plot the points in a graph
b. Describe the relationship between the variables.
c. Determine the constant of variation.
d. Express the relationship in equation form.
e. Determine the elongation if the stretching force is 25N.
f. Determine the amount of force applied if the elongation is 22m.
ACTIVITY 13 – EXPLORING FURTHER ACCURACY AND PRECISION
Explain how accuracy and precision are important to the following occupations:
1. chemist __________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2. pilot __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3. astronaut __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
4. dressmaker__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
5. traffic enforcer_______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
6. news reporter________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
7. civil engineer________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
8. stockbroker_________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
9. accountant__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
10. geneticist __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
TRANSFER
Physical quantities are quantities derived
from taking measurements.
Derived quantities are quantities that are based on fundamental measurement; can be
a combination of fundamental quantities or a combination of fundamental and derived
quantities. Examples are area, volume, density, speed, acceleration weight, etc.
CONVERSION FACTORS
LENGTH FORCE
1 cm = 10 mm 1 yd = 3 ft 1N = 100 000 dynes
1 in = 2.54 cm 1 km = 1000 m ENERGY
1 ft = 12 in 1 mi = 1.6093 km 1 kcal = 1000 cal
1 m = 100 cm 1 kcal = 4184 J
MASS 1 J = 0.2388 cal
1 g = 1000 mg 1 kg = 1000 g 1 J = 1 x 107 erg
1 kg = 2.205 lb 1 ton = 1000 kg PRESSURE
1 lb = 16 oz 1 bar = 1 x 105 Pa
1 amu = 1.6605402 x 10-24 g 1 atm = 1.01325 x 105 Pa
VOLUME 1 atm = 1.01325 bar
1 mL = 1 cm3 1 m3 = 1000 mL 1 atm = 760 torr = 760 mmHg
1 L = 1000 mL 1 L = 1 dm3 TEMPERATURE
1 gal = 4 qt 1 qt = 2 pt O
1 gal = 128 oz 1 gal = 3.78541 L F = OC + 32
1 m3 = 35.3147 ft3 1 in3 = 16.4 cm3 O
C = (OF – 32)
AREA K = OC + 273.15
1 ha = 10 000 m2
1 ha = 2.471 acres
1 km2 = 1 x 106m2
1 m2 = 1 x 104 cm2
EXAMPLES:
2. 71 kg = _______ oz
3. 67.5 OF = ______ K
Processing Questions:
You have completed this lesson. Before you go to the next lesson, you have to answer
the following post-assessment questions.
EXIT CARDS
The most important thing I learned… The most challenging part of the lesson…
POST-ASSESSMENT
Now, it’s time to evaluate your learning.
A. 45 C. 27
B. 50 D. 1
______2. Concrete building blocks weigh 28 pounds each. If b represents the number
of concrete blocks and w represents the weight, what equation relates the two
variables?
A. 28/w=b B. 28w=b C. 28b=w D. 28bw
______3. Zane walked 2 miles to school yesterday. What is this distance in feet?
A. 3520 ft B. 9000 ft C. 10,560 ft D. 15,840 ft
______4. Shawn bought 5 pounds of potatoes. What is this value in ounces?
A. 8 oz B. 80 oz C. 40 oz D. 240 oz
______5. It is a measure of how close measurements come to each other when they
are made in the same way.
A. Accuracy B. Precision C. Error D. Extrapolation
______6. Q. Describe the accuracy and precision of the image
A. Accurate and Precise C. Not
Accurate and Precise
B. Accurate and not precise D. not
accurate and not precise
______7. Which Student is the most Precise?
A. Alex C. Luis
B. Chandra D. Alex and Luis
______8. The students measured length during a science experiment, they got 12 cm.
But the actual measurement was 14.25 cm. What was the percent error?
A. 15.79% B. 18.75% C. 2.25% D. 18%
______9. This image is an example of...
A. precision ONLY C. BOTH precision and accuracy
B. accuracy ONLY D. NEITHER precision and accuracy
______10. Q. What does the Direct Variation Equation look like?
A. y= kx B. y = mx + b C. y = b D. y = x
______11. Which of the following represents indirect variation?
A. y = kx B. y = k/x C. y = x/k D. y = mx + b
______12. What ordered pair does a direct variation always go through when graphed?
A. (0, 0) B. (1, 0) C. (0, 1) D. (1, 1)
______13. A chemist measured the amount of caffeine in a new energy drink called
FlipOUT to be 84.20 mg. The correct amount of caffeine is 87.10 mg.
Calculate the percent error.
A. 9.6% B. 3.4% C. 3.3% D. 0.033%
______14. What type of variation does this scenario represent?
The outside temperature and the number of layers of clothes you need to
wear outside to feel comfortable.
A. direct variation C. joint variation
B. inverse variation D. none of these
______15. What type of variation does this scenario represent?
You and some friends decide to buy 2 pizzas and split the cost evenly.
The number of friends who are sharing the cost of the pizzas
and the amount of money you pay for your share.
A. direct variation C. joint variation
B. inverse variation D. none of these
______16. Y varies directly with x, and y is 84 when x is 16. Which equation represents
this situation? (Find k first.)
A. y=1344x B. y=100x C.
y=5.25x D. y=4/21x
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
______20. Is the given table a direct variation? If so, what is the constant
of variation?
A. Yes; 1/3 C. Yes; 5
B. Yes; 3 D. No
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