API 570 DEVELOPMENT OF ITP – (INSPECTOR OR PIPING ENGINEER)

4.0  CORROSION SPECIALIST - SHALL BE CONSULTED (TEMP. ABOVE 750 F

(400 C)
OWNER/USER INSPECTION ORGANIZATION  DEVELOPMENT OF PIPING SYSTEM, CIRCUIT, PRV (PRESSURE RELIEVING
DEVICES
OWNER/ USER ORGANIZATION  POSSIBLE TYPES OF DAMAGE
 TYPE OF DAMAGE
 SHALL EXERCISE CONTROL OF PIPING SYSTEM
 RATE OF DAMAGE
 INSPECTION PROGRAMS
 TOLERANCE
 INSPECTION FREQUINIES
 CAPABILITY OF THE NDE
 MAINTENANCE AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FUNCTION OF AN
 RBI ASSESSMENT
INSPECTION AGENCY
 USING THE MOST APPROPRIATE SOURCE OF INFORMATION
 DEVELOPING, DOCUMENTING IMPLEMENTING, EXECUTING AND
ASSESSING PIPING INSPECTION SYSTEM.
MINIMUM CONTENTS OF AN ITP
 INSPECTION ORGANIZATION AUDITS
 MOC - MANANGE OF CHANGE  INSPECTION TASK
 IOW - INTEGRITY OPERATING WINDOWS  SCHEDULE
 IDENTIFY DAMAGE MECHANISMS
PIPING ENGINEER - RESPONSIBLE TO THE OWNER/USER FOR ACTIVITIES INVOLING
 ASSURE PRESSURE INTEGRITY OF PIPING SYSTEM
 NEXT INSPECTION DATE
 DESIGN
 NDE TECHNIQUES
 ENGINEERING REVIEW
 LOCATION OF CML
 RATING
 SURFACE CLEANING REQUIREMENTS
 ANALYSIS
 REQUIRED PRESSURE TESTING
 EVALUATION OF PIPING SYSTEM
 TYPE OF TESTING
 PRDs COVERED BY API 570
 DURATION
AUTHORIZED PIPING INSPECTOR
RBI – DETERMINE INSPECTION INTERVALS OR DUE DATES
 INSPECT REPAIR, ALTERATION ARE CONDUCTED ON PIPING SYSTEM
FREQUENCY OF RBI - ASSESSMENT UPDATE ATLEAST 10 YEAR OR MORE OFTEN
 RESPONSIBLE TO DETERMINING REQUIREMENTS ON API 570
EXAMINATION AND QUALITY OF TESTING ARE MET.
1. PROBABILITY OF FAILURE – SHALL BE BASE ON ALL FORM OF DAMAGE
 FINDING POTENTIAL DAMAGE
EXAMINERS OR NDT
 FAILURE HISTORY OF PIPING SYTEM AND CIRCUIT
2. CONSEQUENCE OF FAILURE – POTENTIAL INCIDENTS THAT MY OCCUR
 EXAMINER IS NOT REQUIRED TO BE CERTIFIED API 570 INSPECTOR AND
AND FLUID RELEASE.
DOES NOT NEED TO BE EMPLOYER OF OWNER/USER
 ASSSESSMENT SHOULD DETERMINE THE POTENTIAL OUTCOME
OTHER PERSONNEL  POTENTIAL SIZE RELEASE OF FLUID
 TYPE OF POTENTIAL RELEASE OF FLUID
 OPERATING, MAINTENANCE, ENGINEERING PROCESS OR MECHANICAL
 NOTIFICATION TO THE INSPECTOR OR ENGINEER DOCUMENTS OF RBI

5.0  INSPECTION METHODS, METHOD OF NDE, TOOL AND TECHNIQUES.

 EXTENT OF NDE (PERCENTAGE OF REQUIPMENT TO EXAMINE)
INSPECTION, EXAMINATION AND PRESSURE TESTING PRACTICES  INTERVAL OR DUE DATES.
 NEED FOR PRESSURE TESTING AFTER DAMAGE (REPAIR, ALTERATION)
5.1 INSPECTION PLAN  PREVENTION AND MITIGATION STEP

PIPING SYSTEMIZATION AND CIRCULIZATION PREPARATION FOR INSPECTION

IN ORDER TO DEVELOP INSPECTION PLAN  SAFETY PRECAUTION AND MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES

 OWNER/USER - REVIEW SAFETY PROCEDURES
 SCOPE
 PROCEDURE OF SEGREGATING PIPING SYSTEM, INSTALLING BLINDS AND
 FREQUENCY TESTING TIGHTNESS.
 TECHNIQUES  CHECK HARMFUL LIQUID, GASES OR VAPORS
 LOCATION  REMOVE OIL, TOXIC GAS AND VAPORS.
 POTENTIAL CORROSION
 POTENTIAL DAMANGE MECHANISMS
 PIPING CIRCUILIZATION

FACILITY PIPING SHOULD BE BROKEN INTO PIPING

 PIPING SYSTEM – DEFINED AT A PFD (PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM) LEVEL

 PIPING CIRCUITS – DEFINED AT THE P&ID (PROCESS AND INSTRUMENT
DIAGRAM) LEVEL.
INSPECTION FOR TYPES AND LOCATION OF DAMAGE MODES OF DETERIORATION
AND FAILURE
PIPING SYSTEM DAMAGE TYPE – AS PER API 571 (SEE API 571)
AREAS OF DETERIORATION FOR PIPING SYSTEMS (SEE API 571)
 INJECTION POINTS AND MIX POINTS
 DEADLEGS
 CUI INCLUDING ECSCC
 SOIL TO AIR INTERFACE AND SOIL CORROSION OF BURRIED PIPE
 LOCALIZED CORROSION
 EROSION AND EROSION/CORROSION
 ENVIRONMENTAL CRACKING
 CORROSION BENEATH LINING AND DEPOSITS
 FATIGUE CRACKING
 CREEP CRACKING
 FREEZE DAMAGE
 CONTACT POINT CORROSION
BRITTLE FRACTURE IS FOR ONWER/USER SHOULD BE AWARE FOR THE
POTENTIAL FOR BRITTLE FRACTURE
TYPE OF INSPECTION AND SURVEILLANCE
1) INTERNAL VISUAL INSPECTION
 FOR LARGE DIAMETER
 FOR PRESSURE VESSEL INSPECTION
 USE OF (RVI) REMOTE VISUAL INSPECTION OR BORROSCOPE
2) ONSTREAM INSPECTION ( SEE API 574 FOR MORE INFORMATION)
 ALL ON-STREAN INSPECTION SHALL BE CONDUCTED BY INSPECTOR
OR EXAMINER
 MAY BE REQUIRED BY THE INSPECTION PLAN (ITP)
 ALL INSPECTION OF THE EXAMINER SHALL BE AUTHORIZED AND
APPROVE BY THE INSPECTOR.
 TYPE OF MATERIALS
 WELDMENTS
 PIPE JUNCTIONS, NOZZLE, SUPPORT SADDLES, REINFORCING
PLATES
 INTERNAL LINING OR CLADDING
 PHYSICAL ACCESS AND EQUIPMENT TEMPERATURE
 LIMITATION OF NDE TO DETECT THE DAMAGE MECHANISM
 TYPE OF DAMAGE MECHANISM
3) THICKNESS MEASUREMENT INSPECTION AND VARIUS NDE
EXAMINATION
 VERIFY THE THICKNESS OF PIPING COMPONENTS
 CALCULATE THE CORROSION RATE AND RAMAINING LIFE
 THICKNESS MEASUREMENT SHALL BE OBTAIN BY THE INSPECTOR
OR EXAMINER
 THICKNESS MEASUREMENT ARE TAKEN WHILE PIPING IS ON-
STREAM
 THE INSPECTOR SHOULD CONSULT WITH A CORROSION SPECIALIST
WHEN THE SHORT-TERM CORROSION RATE CHANGE
SIGNIFICANTLY FROM THE PREVIOUS IDENTIFIED RATE TO
DETERMINE THE CAUSE
4) EXTERNAL VISUAL INSPECTION
 DETERMINE THE CONDITION OF THE OUTSIDE OF THE PIPING,
INSULATION SYSTEM, PAINTING, AND COATING SYSTEM
 TO CHECK FOR SIGNS OF MISALIGNMENT
 CHECK FOR VIBRATION AND LEAKAGE
 CHECK PIPING SUPPORT AND HANGER
 INCLUDE CUI
5) VIBRATING PIPING AND LINE MOVEMENT SURVEILLANCE – PIPING ENG’R
AND INSPECTION PERSONNEL
 SHOULD REPORT VIBRATING OR SWAYING
 RESULT OF LIQUID HAMMERING
 FATIGUE CRACKING
 MT OR PT
 80% OF THE LIFE HAS BEEN CONSUMED AND FAILURE CAN OCCUR
SUPPLEMENTAL INSPECTION
EXAMPLE OF INSPECTION
 PERIODIC USE OF RADIOGRAPHY AND THERMOGRAPHY
 CHECK FOR FOULING OR INSTERNAL PLUGGING
 THERMOGRAPHY TO CHECK FOR HOT SPOTS INS REFRACTORY LINED
SYSTEMS
 VERIFIFYING PREVIOSLY MEASURED DATE ACCURACY
 INSPECTION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CRACKING AND DAMAGE
MECHANISM
 ACCOUSTIC EMISSION, ACCOUSTIC LEAK DETECTION AND
THERMOGRAHY CAN BE USE FOR REMOTE LEAK DETECTION AND
SUVEILLANCE
 LOCALIZED EROSION OR EROSION/ CORROSION SHOULD BE INSPECTED
BY VISUAL INSPECTION
CML – CONDITION MONITORING LOCATION
 SPECIFIC AREAS ALONG THE PIPING CIRCUIT WHERE INSPECTIONS ARE
CONDUCTED.
 VARIES ACCORDING TO ITS LOCATION IN THE SYSTEM.
 SERVICE-SPECIFIC DAMAGE MECANISMS
 LOCALIZED CORROSION
CML MONITORING
 SHALL BE MONITORED APPROPRIATELY PLACE CMLS.
 HIGHER CORROSION RATE OR LOCALIZED CORROSION HAVE MORE CML
 USE OF UT, RT AND ELECTROMAGNETIC FOR CML MONITORING
 THE THINNEST READING OR AN AVERAGE OF SEVERAL MEASUREMENT
READING SHALL BE RECORDED AND USE TO CALCULATE CORROSION
RATE
 THE RATE OF CORROSION OR DAMAGE SHALL BE DETERMINED FROM
SUCCESSIVE MEASUREMENTS AND THE NEXT INSPECTION
 CML SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED FOR AREAS WITH CONTINUING CUI,
CORROSION AT SAI INSTERFACES, IMMEDIATELY UPSTREAM AND
DOWNSTREAM OF PIPING MATERIAL CHANGES
 CML SHOULD BE MARKED ON INSPECTION DRAWINGS.
 ON THE PIPING SYSTEM SAME LOCATION
CML ALLOCATION
 HIGHER POTENTIAL FOR CREATING A SAFETY OR ENVIRONMENTAL
EMERGENCY LEAK
 HIGHER EXPECTED CORROSION RATE
 HIGHER LOCALIZED CORROSION
 HIGHER CUI
 HIGHER CORROSION RATE
 HIGHER SHORT/ LONG TERM RATE OR MAXIMUM RATIOS
 LONG STRAIGHT- RUN PIPING SYSTEM
CONDITION MONITORING METHODS
RT
 PRT IS PREFFERED FOR SMALL BORE PIPING (SBP)
 FOR PIPE DIAMETERS OF NPS 1 AND SMALLER
 PRT IS PREFERRED FOR SBP WHERE DIGITAL ULTRASONIC THICKNESS
GAUGING (DUT) ARE NOT VERY RELIABLE.
 PRT IS VERY OFTEN THE TECHNIQUE OF CHOICE ON NPS 8 AND UNDER
WHEN LOCALIZED CORROSION IS SUSPECTED.
UT- ASME SECTION V ARTICLE 23 AND SECTION SE-797 THICKNESS MEASUREMENT
 NPS 2 AND BELOW MAY REQUIRE SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT (MINIATURE
PROBE OR CURVED SHOES
 MEASUREMENT ARE TAKEN ABOVE 150 F (65 C) INSTRUMENTS,
COUPLANTS, AND PROCEDURES SHOULD BE USED THAT WILL RESULT IN
ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS AT THE HIGHER TEMPERATURES
 FACTORS THAT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO REDUCE ACCURACY OF
ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENTS INCLUDE THE FLOWING
a) IMPROPER CALIBRATION
b) EXTERNAL COATING OR SCALE
c) PROBE ORIENTATION
d) SUBSURFACE MATERIAL FLAWS(LAMINATION)
e) TEMP. ABOVE 150 F (65 )
f) RESOLUTION OF SCREEN
g) LESS THAN 3.2MM FOR TYPICAL DTG
h) TO MUCH OR LITTLE COUPLANT
OTHER NDE TECHNIQUES FOR PIPING SYSTEMS
 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION
a) FOR CRACKS AND LINEAR DISCOUNTINUITIES THAT EXTEND
TO THE SURFACE
b) FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS
c) ASME SECTION V ARTICLE 7
 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION
a) FOR DISCLOSING CRACKS, POROSITY OR PINHOLES THAT
EXTEND TO THE SURFACE
b) FOR OUTLINING OTHER SURFACE IMPERFECTIONS,
ESPECIALLY IN NONMAGNETIC MATERIALS
c) ASME SECTION V ARTICLE 6
 RT
a) FOR DETECTING INTERNAL IMPERFECTION SUCH AS
POROSITY, WELD SLAG INCLUSIONS, CRACK AND THICKNESS
COMPONENTS
b) ASME SECTION V ARTICLE 2
 ULTRASONIC FLAW
a) FOR DETECTING INTERNAL AND SURFACE BREAKING CRACKS
AND OTHER ELONGATED DISCONTINUITIES
b) ASME SECTION V ARTICLE 4,5 AND 23
 ALTERNATING CURRENT FLUX LEAKAGE EXAMINATION
a) FOR DETECTING SURFACE-BREAKING CRACKS AND
ELONGATED DISCONTINUITIES
 EDDY CURRENT EXAMINATION
b) FOR DECTECTING LOCALIZED METAL LOSS, CRAKING, AND
ELONGATED DISCONTINUITIES
c) ASME SECTION V ARTICLE 8
 FIELD METALLOGRAPHIC REPLICATION
a) OTHER NAME REPLICA
b) FOR IDENTIFYING METALLURGICAL CHANGES
 ACCOUSTIC EMISSION EXAMINATION
a) FOR DETECTING STRUCTURALLY SIGNIFICANT DEFECTS
b) ASME SECTION V ARTICLE 11 AND 12
 THERMOGRAPHY
a) FOR DETERMING TEMPERATURE OF COMPONENTS,
BLOCKAGES, DEBRIS/SEDIMENT LEVEL AND FLOW
VERIFICATION
 LEAK TESTING
a) FOR DETECTING THROUGH-THICKNESS DEFECTS
b) ASME SECTION V ARTICLE 10
 GUIDED WAVE EXAMINATION
a) FOR DETECTION OF METAL LOSS
SUFACE PREPARATION FOR NDE
IMPORTANT FOR VISUAL, SURFACE PREPARATION WIRE BRUSHING, BLASTING,
CHIPPING, GRINDING OR A COMBINATION
UT ANGLE BEAM EXAMINERS
 THE OWNER/USER SHALL SPECIFY INDUSTRY QUALIFIED UT ANGLE BEAM
EXAMINERS
 DETECTION OF INTERIOR SURFACE (ID) BREAKING FLAWS WHEN
INSPECTING FROM THE EXTERNAL SURFACE OD.
 DETECTION CHARACTERIZATION OR THROUGH WALL SIZING OF DEFECT
CUI INSPECTION
 INSPECTION FOR CUI SHALL BE CONSIDERED FOR EXTERNALLY-
INSULATED CARBON AND LOW ALLOY PIPING OPERATION
 HISTORY OF CUI
 VISUAL CONDITION
 EVIDENCE OF FLUID LEAKAGE
 WHETHER THE PIPING SYSTEMS ARE IN INTERMITTENT SERVICE
 CONDITION/AGE OF THE EXTERNAL COATING, IF KNOWN
 EVIDENCE OF AREAS WITH WET INSULATION
 POTENTIAL FOR THE TYPE OF INSULATION TO ABSORB/ HOLD MORE
WATER
 LOW POINT OF SAGGING LINES
 BOTTOM OF VERTICAL PIPE
 PROXIMITY TO EQUIPMENT THAT COULD INCREASE THE LOCAL
HUMIDITY
 AREAS WHERE TEMPERATURE REGIMES ARE MOVING INTO AND OUT OF
THE CUI
MIXING POINT INSPECTION
 MIXING POINT ARE LOCATION IN PIPING SYSTEMS WHERE TWO OR
MORE DIFFERENT STREAMS MEET
INJECTION POINT INSPECTION
 ARE SOMETIMES SUBJECT TO ACCELERATED OR LOCALIZED CORROSION
FROM NORMAL TO ABNORMAL OPERATING CONDITION
 UPSTREAM LIMIT 12 IN (300MM) OR 3X PIPE DIAMETER, WHICHEVER IS
GREATER
 DOWNSTREAM 25FT (706MM) BEYOND THE FIRST CHANGE IN FLOW
DIRECTION, WHICHEVER IS LESS
 PREFFERED NDE IS RT AND UT
PRESSURE TESTING OF PIPING SYSTEMS
 PRESSURE TESTING ARE NOT NORMALLY CONDUCTED AS PART OF A
ROUTINE INSPECTION
 PRESSURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS FOR REPAIR, ALTERATION AND RE-
RATING
 AFTER ANY HEAT TREATMENT
 AN ENGINEER SHOULD BE CONSULTED WHEN PRESSURE TESTING
 ENTIRE PIPING CIRCUIT
 DESIGN OF SUPPORT NEED TO REVIEW BY ENGINEER
 THE OWNER/USER IS CAUTIONED TO AVOID EXCEEDING 90% OF THE
SPECIFIED MINIMUM YIELD STRENGTH
TEST FLUID
 THE TEST FLUID SHOULD BE WATER UNLESS THERE IS THE POSSIBILTY OF
DAMAGE DUE TO FREEZING
 IF LIQUID IS FLAMMABLE, FLASHING POINT SHALL BE AT LEAST 120 F
(49 C)
 PIPING SHOULD BE THOROUGHLY DRAINED (ALL HIGH POINT VENTS
SHOULD BE OPEN DURING DRAINING). AIR BLOWN OR OTHERWISE
DRIED.
 IF PORTABLE WATER IS NOT AVAILABLE, WATER HAVING LOW CHLORIDE
LEVEL HIGHER PH (>10) TO REDUCE PITTING AND MICROBIOLOGICALLY
INDUCED CORROSION
  IF VALVE IS SUSPTECTED OF CORROSION-EROSION, THICKNESS READING
SHOULD BE CONDUCTED ON THE BODY BETWEEN THE SEATS
PNEUMATIC PRESSURE TESTING  CHECKING THE FLAPPER IS FREE TO MOVE
 THE FLAPPER STOP SHOULD NOT HAVE WEAR BEYOND TOLERANCE
 MAY BE USED WHEN IT IS IMPRACTICABLE TO HYDROSTATICALLY  THE FLAPPER NUT SHOULD BE SECURED TO THE FLAPPER BOTT TO
TESTING DUE TO TEMPERATURE, STRUCTURAL, OR PROCESS AVOID BACKING OFF INSERVICCE
LIMITATIONS.
IN-SERVICE INSPECTION OF WELDS
TEST TEMPERATURE AND BRITTLE FRACTURE CONSIDRATIONS
 INSPECTION FOR PIPING WELD IS FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION, REPAIR OR
 EXPOSED TO TEMPERATURES BELOW THEIR TRANSITION TEMPERATURE ALTERATION
 PRESSURE GREATER THAN 25% OF THE REQUIRED HYDROSTATIC TEST  WELD ARE OFTEN INSPECTED FOR CORROSION AS A PART OF A
PRESSURE OR 8 KSI OS STRESS RADIOGRAPHIC PROFILE INSPECTION OR AS A PART OF INTERNAL
 TO MAXIMIZE THE RISK OF BRITTLE FRACCTURE DURING A PRESSURE INSPECTION.
TEST, THE METAL TEMP SHOULD BE MAINTAIND AS LEAST 3 F (17 C)  SEE API 577
ABOVE THE MDMT FOR PIPING THAT IS MORE THAN 2 IN. (5 CM) THICK
 CRACK – LIKE FLAWS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CRACKING SHALL BE
 10 F (6 C) ABOVE THE MDMT FOR PIPING THAT HAVE A THICKNESS OF ASSESSED BY AN ENGINEER IN ACCORDANCE WITH API 579
2 IN (5 CM) OR LESS  PREFERENTIAL WELD CORROSION SHALL BE ASSSESED BY THE
 THE TEST TEMPERATURE NEED TO EXCEED 120 F ( 50 C) UNLESS THERE IS INSPECTOR
INFORMATION ON THE BRITTLE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PIPE.
 ISSUES TO CONSIDER WHEN ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF EXISTING
WELDS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING
PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURES
a) ORIGINAL FABRICATION INSPECTION METHOD AND
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
 IF EXCEED THE SET PRESSURE OF THE PRESSURE RELIEVING DEVICE(PRD),
b) EXTENT, MAGNITUDE, AND ORIENTATION OF IMPERFECTION
THE PPRESSURE RELIEVING DEVICE (PRD) SHOULD BE REMOVED OR
c) LENGTH OF TIME IN SERVICE
BLANKED
d) OPERATING VERSUS DESIGN
 AS AN ALTERNATIVE, EACH VALVE DISK SHALL BE HELD DOWN BY A
e) POTENTIAL FATIGUE LOADS
SUITABLY DESIGNED TEST CLAMP
f) POTENTIALFOR IMPACTOR TRANSIENT LOADS
 GAGE GLASSES, PRESSURE GAGES, EXPANSION JOINTS, AND RUPTURE
g) POTENTIAL FOR IENVIRENMENTAL CRACKING
DISKS, SHOULD BE REMOVED OR BLANKED.
h) REPAIR HISTORY
i) HEAT TREATMENT HISTORY
PRESSURE TESTING ALTERNATIVES
j) DISSIMILAR METAL
 APPROPRIETE NDE SHALL BE SPECIFIED AND CONDUCTED WHEN A k) WELD HARDNESS
PRESSURE TEST IS NOT PERFORMED AFTER A MAJOR REPAIR OR
INSPECTION OF FLANGE JOINT
ALTERATION
 FOR SUBSTITUTING NDE PROCEDURES FOR PRESSURE TEST AFTER AN
 FLANGE JOINT SHOULD BE EXAMINED FOR EVIDENCE OF LEAKAGE
ALTERATION IS ALLOWED ONLY AFTER THE ENGINEER AND INSPECTOR
HAVE APPROVE
 FOR CASES WHERE UT IS USED IN LIEU OF A PRESSURE TEST, THE
OWNER/USER SHALL SPECIFY INDUSTRY-QUALIFIED UT ANGLE BEAM 6.0
EXAMINERS
INTERVAL/FREQUENCY AND EXTENT OF INSPECTION
MATERIAL VERIFICATION AND TRACEABILITY
GENERAL
 THE OWNER/USER SHALL ASSESS THE NEED FOR EXTENT OF
APPLICATION OF A MATERIAL VERIFICATION  TO ENSURE EQUIPMENT INTEGRITY
 CONFIRMATIONOF MATERIALS DISCRIBE IN API 578  ALL PIPING SYSTEMS AND PRD (PRESSURE RELIEVING DEVICE) SHALL BE
 THE OWNER/USER AND AUTHORIZED PIPING INSPECCTOR, IN INSPECTED AT THE INTERVALS/FREQUENCIES PROVIDED IN THIS SECTION
CONSULTATION WITH A CORROSION SPECIALIST, SHALL ESTABLISH A  SCHEDULED INSPECTIONS SHALL BE CONDUCTED ON OR BEFORE DUE
SCHEDULE FOR REPLACEMENT OF THOSE COMPONENTS UNTIL THE DATE OR CONSIDERED OVERDUE
REPLACEMENT  AN INSPECTION DUE
 AUTHORIZED INSPECTOR SHALL USE PERIODIC NDE, AS NECESSARY, ON  DATE MY BE DETERMINED THROUGH A RISK ASSESSMENT IN API 580
THE IDENTIFIED COMPONENT UNTIL THE REPLACEMENT
 OLDER PROCESS UNITS OPERATING ABOVE 500 F (260 C) AND SUBJECT INSPECTION DURING INSTALLATION AND SERVICE CHANGES
TO SULFIDATION CORROSION, CARBON STEEL PIPING CONTAINING LESS
THAN 0.1 WT % SILICON CAN CORRODE AT SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER PIPING INSTALLATION
RATES THAN HIGHER SILICON CARBON STEELS
 PIPING SHALL BE INSPECTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH CODEOF
INSPECTION OF VALVE CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
 INSTALLATION INSPECTION IS TO VERIFY THAT THE PIPING IS CLEAN AND
 THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS ARE NOT ROUTINELY TAKEN ON VALVES IN SAFE FOR OPERATION
PIPING CIRCUITS, THE BODY OF A VALVE IS THICKER THAN THE PIPE  VERIFY THAT THE PIPE INSTALL CORRECTLY
 SHOP PERSONNEL SHOULD VISUALLY EXAMINE THE VALVE WITH  THE CORRECT METALLURGY IS INSTALLED
UNUSUAL PATTERNS OR THINNING  SUPPORTS
 REPORT THE INFORMATION TO THE INSPECTOR  VERIFY THE (PRD) PRESSURE RELIEVING DEVICES SATISFY THE DESIGN
 EXAMINED PERIOICALLY FOR THERMAL FATIGUE CRACKING REQUIREMENTS
 DOCUMENT
  Creating vapors that can collect and form an explosive mixture, such as
C2, C3 and C4.
PIPING SERVICE CHANGE  Boiling Point below 50 F (10) or below the operating tempature
 Hydrogen sulphide greater than 3 % weight
 IF THE SERVICE CONDITION OF THE PIPING SYSTEM ARE CHANGED, IT  Hydrofluoric acid
WILL EXCEED THE CURRENT OPERATING ENVELOPE  Piping over or adjacent to water and piping over public throughways
a) PROCESS CONTENT
(refer to national or local regulations e.g. department of transportation
b) MAXIMUM OPERATING PRESSURE
coast guard
c) MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM OEPRATING TEMPERATURE
 Flammable services operating above their auto-ignition temperature

PIPING INSPECTION PLANNING

Class 2

GENERAL
 Services not included in other class are in class 2
 Majority of unit process piping and selected offsite piping
 FREQUENCY AND EXTENT OF INSPECTION ON PIPING CIRCUIT WHETHER
 On site hydrocarbons that will slowly vaporize during release
ABOVE OR BELOW GROUND DEPEND ON THE AFFECTED PIPING AND
 Below the boiling point but above the flash point
CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE
 On site hydrogen, fuel gas and natural gas
 DEPENDS ON TH DAMAGE MECHANISM
 On site strong acids and caustics
 DEPENDS ON THE CONSEQUENCE OF FAILURE

Class 3
SETTING INSPECTION INTERVAL WITH RBI

 Services that are either flammable but do not significantly vaporize when
 ASSESSMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH API 580
they leak below the flash point
 DETERMINE INSPECTION INTERVAL
 Flammable but are located in remote areas
 DETERMINE INSPECTION DUE DATE
 On site hydrocarbons that will not significantly vaporize during release
SETTING INSPECTION INTERVAL WITHOUT THE USE OF RBI  Offsite distillate and product lines to and from storage and loading
 Tank farm piping
 IF RBI IS NOT USED  Offsite acids and Caustics
a) THE CORROSION RATE AND REMAINING LIFE CALCULATIONS  Off-site hydrogen, fuel gas and natural gas
b) THE PIPING SERVICE CLASSIFICATION  Other lower risk hydrocarbon piping that does not fall in class 1,2,4
c) THE APPLICABLE JURISDICTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
d) THE JUDGEMENTAL OF INSPECTOR, PIPING ENGINEER, PIPING Class 4
SUPERVISOR AND MATERIAL SPECIALIST BASE ON OPERATING
CONDITION  Service that are essentially non-flammable and nontoxic
e) THE OWNER/USER OR THE INSPECTOR SHALL ESTABLISH  Steam and steam condensate
INSPECTION INTERVAL FOR THICKNESS AND VISUAL  Air
f) FOR CLASS 1,2,3 THE PERIOD BETWEEN THICKNESS  Nitrogen
MEASUREMENTFOR CML OR CIRCUIT SHOULD NOT EXCEED  Water, including boiler feed water or stripped sour water
ONE HALF THE REMAINING LIFE OR THE MAXIMUM  Lube oil, seal oil
INTERVALS RECOMMENDED IN TABLE 1, WGICH EVER IS LESS  Category d services
g) WHENEVER THE REMAINING LIFE IS LESS THAN FOUR YEARS,  Plumbing and sewers
THE INSPECTION INTERVAL MAY BE THE FULL REMAINING
LIFE UP TO A MAXIMUM OF 2 YEARS
h) THE INTERVAL IS ESTABLISHED BY THE INSPECTOR OR PIPING
ENGINEER IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ONWER/USER QA
SYSTEM

TABLE-1 RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM INSPECTION INTERVAL

 MAXIMUM INTERVAL FOR CLASS 4 PIPING ARE LEFT TO THE

DETERMINATION OF THE OWNER/USER DEPENDING UPPON RELIABILITY
AND BUSINESS NEEDS
 SEE ALL API 570 6.3.3 SETTING INSPECTION INTERVAL WITHOUT RBI

PIPING SERVICE CLASSES

GENERAL – the owner/user shall maintain a record of process piping fluids handled,
including their classification.

 All process piping system shall be categorized into different piping

classes except for piping that has been planned on RBI

Class 1

 Service with the higher potential of resulting in an immediate emergency

if leak.
 Flammable services that can auto-refrigerate and lead to brittle fracture.
 Pressurized services that can rapidly vaporize during release
  As per damage mechanisms
Extent of visual External and CUI inspection  Number of CML needed
 External Visual Inspection, including inspection for CUI  Safety factor
 Potential CUI  Minimum worst case in the next inspection date
 Need ndt inspection for CUI
 Need external inspection Small bore piping
 Follow external visual inspection
 Suspected location between 10 F (-12 C) and 350 F (175 C)  As damage mechanism
 Local climatic conditions  RBI is not use, SBP that is secondary process piping has different
 See table 2 minimum requirements depending upon service classification.
 Coating quality  Class 1 and class 2 SBP shall be inspected to the same requirements as
 Service condition primary process piping
  Class 3 and 4 SBP is optional
 Insulated SBP same inspection practices for CUI as the primary piping or
Table 2—Recommended Extent of CUI Inspection vessel
Following Visual Inspection for Susceptible Pipinga Deadleg inspection – corrosion specialist should be consulted placement of CML on
Deadlegs

At Damaged At Non-  Ndt (thermo, ut, rt, emat, pec)

Pipe Class Insulation Locations damaged  Consideration should be given to removing deadleg
Locations

Approximate Amount of Approximate

Auxiliary piping inspection
Examination with NDE Amount of CUI
or Insulation Removal at Inspection with
 Inspection of auxiliary piping is optional
Areas with Damaged NDE or Insulation
 Determined by RBI
Insulation Removal at Areas
 Determined by damage mechanism
without Damaged
 Potential cui
Insulationb
 Potential fatigue
1 75 % 50 %
Threaded connecting inspection
2 50 % 33 %
 Same as auxiliary piping
3 25 % 10 %  Corrosion rate
 Intermittent service
4 Optional Optional
a Susceptible piping is piping systems operating within the susceptible Inspection of PRD
temperature ranges as indicated in API 574.
 PRD shall be tested and repaired by repair organization in pressure
b The 3rd column are additional areas to consider inspecting and is not relieving maintenance.
progressive from the 2nd column  Shall be fully documented

PRD inspection

 Shall be tested and inspected at intervals that are frequent enough to

verify that the valves perform reliably
Point to point method
 Interval of
a) 5 years for typical process services
 An analysis method, whereby the corrosion rate remaining life and re-
b) 10 years for clean (non-fouling) and noncorrosive service
inspection interval is determined for each individual CML.
 Test pressure 150%
Circuit Analysis Method
Corrosion rate determination
 Where piping has been properly circuitized into common corrosion
mechanisms and expected rates
POINT TO POINT METHOD

Type of Thickness Visual

Circuit Measurements External

Class 1 5 years 5 years

Class 2 10 years 5 years
Class 3 10 years 10 years
Class 4 Optional Optional
Injection 3 years By class
points a

Soil to Air — By class

Interfaces b

NOTE Thickness measurements apply to systems for which CMLs have been
established in accordance with 5.6.
a Inspection intervals or due dates for potentially corrosive injection can also
be established by a valid RBI analysis in accordance with API 580. Statistical analysis method
b See API 574 for more information on SAI interfaces.
  Probability plots or related tools to establish a representative corrosion,
remaining life remaining life estimate or re-inspection date. PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS

 PIPING SHALL BE SUPPORTED AND GUIDED SO THAT

REMAINING LIFE CALCULATION a) ITS WEIGHT IS CARRIED SAFELY

b) IT HAS SUFFICIENT FLEXIBILITY FOR THERMAL EXPANSION OR
CONTRACTION
c) IT DOES NOT VIBRATE EXCESSIVELY
d) ACCOUNT FOR OTHER LOADS

 PIPING FLEXIBILITY INCREASING FOR LARGER DIAMETER PIPE

 TO ASSESS SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT ADEQUACY IS NOT
NORMAL
 CAN IDENTIFY THE MOST HIGHLY STRESS COMPONENT OF PIPING
 TO OBSERVE VIBRATION

REPORTING AND RECORDS FOR PIPING SYSTEM INSPECCTION

 PIPING SYSTEM OWNER/USER SHALL MAINTAIN PERMANENT ANF

PROGRESSIVE RECORDS OF THEIR PPING SYSTEM
 TYPES OF PIIPING RECORDS
a) FABRICATION, CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN INFORMATION TO THE
EXTENT AVAILABLE (MDR, MTR, WELD MAPS, WPS/PQR, DESIGN
For newly install piping systems or changes in service SPEC, PIPING DESIGN CALCULATIONS, NDE RECORDS, HEAT
TREATMENT RECORDS, PRD SIZING CALCULATIONS AND
 Corrosion rate for a piping circuit may be calculated from data collected CONSTRUCTION DRAWING)
by the owner/user on piping systems of similar material in comparable b) INSPECTION HISTORY (THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, INTERNAL AND
service and comparable operating conditions. EXTERNAL INSPECTION, RBI INSPECTION0
 If data for the same or similar are not available c) REPAIR, ALTERATION AND RERATING INFORMATION
 If not determined not more than 3 months use UTG 1) REPAIR AND ALTERATION FORM
2) REPORTS INDICATING THAT THE PIPING SYSTEM STILL IN
Existing and replacement piping SERVICE
3) RE-RATING DOC. (CALCULATION AND NEW DESIGN
 Corrosion rates shall be calculated on one of the method identify in CONDITION)
corrosion rate determination d) FITNESS FOR SERVICE ASSESSMENT DOC.
 point to point methods or statistical analysis method
 OPERATING RECORDS – SITE OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE RECORDS
MAWP DETERMINATION (OPERATING CONDITION, AFFECTED MECHANICAL INTERGITY

 MAWP FOR THE CONTINUED USE OF PIPING SYSTEMS SHALL BE  COMPUTER RECORDS – USE COMPUTER BASE SYSTEM FOR STORING
ESTABLISHED USING THE APPLICABLE CODE CALCULATING AND ANALYZING DATA SHOULD BE CONSIDERED
 COMPUTATIONS MAY BE MADE FOR KNOWN MATERIALS IS ALL THE a) STORING AND ANALYZING THE ACTUAL THICKNESS READING
FOLLOWING ESSENTIAL COMPLY b) CALCULATING SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM CORROSION RATES
 UPPER OR LOWER TEMPERATURE LIMITS FOR SPECIFIC MATERIALS c) RETIREMENT DATES
 QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP d) MAWP
 INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS e) REINSPECTION INTERVALS
 REINFORCEMENT OF OPENINGS f) HIGHLIGHTING AREAS OF HIGH CORROSION RATES
 ANY CYCLICAL SERVICE REQUIREMENTS g) PIPING CIRCUITS OVER DUE FOR INSPECTION
 FOR UNKNWN MATERIALS COMPUTATION MAY BE MADE ASSUMING h) PIPING CLOSE TO THE MINIMUM REQUIRED THICKNESS AND
THE LOWEST GRADDE MATERIAL AND JOINT EFFICIENCY OTHER INFORMATION
 SEE ANNEX D FOR CALCULATION OR EXAMPLE CALCULATION  Piping circuit records

REQUIRED THICKNESS DETERMINATION a) Materials of construction

b) Piping diameter
 THE REQUIRED THICKNESS OF A PIPE SHALL BE THE GREATHER DESIGN c) Operating design
THICKNESS OR THE STRUCTURAL MINIMUM THICKNESS d) ANSI Flange rating
e) Process fluid
 FOR SERVICE WITH HIGH RISK, THE PIPING ENGINEER SHOULD CONSIDER
f) Piping classification (if RBI not used)
INCREASING THE REQUIRED THICKNESS
g) Insulation, heat tracing, PWHT
 SEE API 574 SECTION 11 FOR PRESSURE DESSIGN THICKNESS
h) Deadleg, injection point, intermittent service, or other special
 SEE API 574 SECTION 12 FOR MINIMUM ALERT THICKNESS
circuit
 400 F (205 C) FOR DEFAULT MINIMUM STRUCTURAL THICKNESS
i) Corrosion rate and remaining life
. j) Maximum interval for external inspection
ASSESSMENT OF INSPECTION FINDINGS k) Maximum interval for thickness measurement
l) Any unusual or localized corrosion
 EVALUATE METAL LOSS IN EXCESS OF THE CORROSION ALLOWANCE m) Particular circuit features that might subject it to rapid corrosion
 ASSESSMENT OF GENERAL METAL LOSS API 579 PART 4
 ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL METAL LOSS API 579 PART 5  Inspection of ISO
 ASSESSMENT OF PITTING CORROSION API 579 PART 6
 TO EVALUATE BLISTERS AND LAMINATION API 579 PART 7 a) ALL SIGNIFICANT COMPONENT OF THE PIPING CIRCUIT
 TO EVALUATE WELDING MISALIGNMENT AND PIPING DISTORTIONS API b) MATERIALS
579 PART 8 c) DIAMETER
 TO EVALUATE CRACK LIKE FLAWS API 579 PART 9 d) INSUATED OR NOT
 TO EVALUATE THE EFFECCTS OF FIRE DAMAGE API 579 PART 11 e) LOCATION OF SUPPORT
f) INSPECTION OF ISO IS RECOMMENDED IN CLASS 1 AND CLASS

INSPECTION RECOMMENDATION FOR REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT
 IMPACT IN PIPING INTEGRITY
 RECOMMENDED CORRECTIVE ACTION OR REPIR AND DATE
 PRIORITY OR TARGT DATE
 PIPING SYSTEM IDENTIFIER
 LIST OF TEMP. REPAIRS THAT MAY NEED FOLLOW-UP MONITORING AND
EVENTUAL REPLACEMENT
INSPECTION RECORD FOR EXTERNAL INSPECTIONS
 RESULTS
 CHECKLIST AND NARRATIVE RECORD
 LOCATION OF CUI INSPECTION
 LOCATION OF NDE
 APPROPRIATE ISO
PIPING FAILURE AND LEAK REPORTS
 RESULTS
 CRACKING OR MECHANICAL DAMAGE SAHALL BE RECORDED
 INVESTIGATION
 TEMPORARY REPAIRS
INPECTION DEFERRAL OR INTERVAL REVISON
 INSPECTION TASKS FOR PIPING CIRCUIT AND PRD THAT CANNOT BE
PERFORMED BY THE DUE DATE.
8. REPAIR, ALTERATIONS, AND RERATING OF PIPING SYSTEMS
REPAIR AND ALTERATIONS
 WHEN ASME B31.3 CANNOT BE FOLLOWED BECAUSE OF ITS NEW
CONSTRUCTION OR NEW MATERIAL SPEC., THE PIPING ENGINEER OR
THE PIPING INSPECTOR SHALL BE GUIDED BY API 570 IN LIEU OF STRICT
CONFORMITY TO ASME B31.3
 FOR WELDING API 577 SHALL ALSO BE FOLLOWED
AUTHORIZATION
 ALL REPAIR AND ALTERATION SHALL BE DONE BY REPAIR ORGANIZATION
APPROVAL
 ALL PROPOSED METHODS OF DESIGN, EXECUTION, MATERIALS,
WELDING PROCEDURES, EXAMINATION AND TESTING SHALL BE
APPROVED BY THE INSPECTOR OR PIPING ENGINEER
 OWNER/USER APPROVAL OF ON-STREAM WELDING IS REQUIRED
 WELDING REPAIR OF CRACK THAT OCCURRED IN-SERVICE SHOULD NOT
BE ATTEMPTED WITHOUT PRIOR CONSULTATION WITH THE PIPING
ENGINEER
 THE INSPECTOR SHALL APPROVE ALL REPAIR AND ALTERATION WORK AT
DESIGNATED HOLD POINTS AND AFTER THE REPAIR AND ALTERATIONS
HAVE BEEN SATISFACTORILY COMPLETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH API 570
WELDING REPAIR (INCLUDING ON-STREAM)
TEMPORARY REPAIRS
 FOR TEMPORARY REPAIR, INCLUIDING ON-STREAM, A FULL
ENCIRCLEMENT WELDED SPLIT SLEEVE OR BOX TYPE ENCLOSEURE
DEISGN BY PIPING ENGINEER MAY BE APPLIED OVER THE DAMAGE OR
CORRODED AREA.
 LONGITUDINAL CRACKS SHALL NOT BE REPAIRED IN THIS MANNER
UNLESS THE PIPING ENGINEER HAS DETERMINED THAT CRACKS WOULD
NOT BE EXPECTED TO PROPAGATE FROM UNDER THE SLEEVE.
 IN SOME CASES, THE PIPING ENGINEER WILL NEED TO CONSULT WITH A
FRACTURE ANALYSIS.
 THE DESIGN OF TEMPORARY ENCLOSURES AND REPAIR SHALL BE
APPROVED BY THE PIPING ENGINEER.
 IF THE REPAIR AREA IS LOCALIZED ( EX. PITTING OR PINHOLES) AND THE
SMYS OF THE PIPING IS NOT MORE THAN 40,000 PSI (275,800 KPA), AND
A FITNESS FOR SERVICE ANALYSIS SHOWS IT IS ACCEPTABLE
 DESIGNED SPLIT COUPLING OR PLATE PATCH OVER THE PITTED OR
THINNED AREA (SEE 8.14 AND ANNEX C)
 FILLET WELDED PATCH SHALL NOT INSTALLED ON TOP OF AN EXISTING
FILLET WELDED PATCH.
 WHEN INSTALLING A FILLET WELDED PATCH ADJACENT TO AN EXISTING
FILLET WELDED PATCH, THE MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN THE TOE OF
THE FILLET WELD SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN:
 FOR MINOR LEAKS AND THINNING BELOW Tmin, PROPERLY DESIGN
ENCLOSURES MAY BE WELDED OVER THE LEAK OR THIN PIPING WHILE
THE PIPING SYSTEM IS IN-SERVICE.
 ANY LEAK IN CLASS 1 SERVICE OR WHERE A RISK RANKING IS
DETERMINED TO BE HIGH, SHALL BE THE FIRST REVIEWED BY PIPING
ENGINEER
 TEMPORARY REPAIR SHOULD BE REMOVED AND REPLACED WITH A
SUITABLE PERMANENT REPAIR AT THE NEXT AVAILABLE MAINTENANCE
 TEMPORARY REPAIRS MAY REMAIN IN PLACE FOR A LONGER PERIOD OF
TIME ONLY IF APPROVE AND DOC. BY PIPING ENGINEER
PERMANENT REPAIRS
 REPAIR TO DEFECTS FOUND IN PIPING COMPONENTS MY BE MADE
PREPARING A WELDING GROOVE THAT COMPLETELY REMOVES THE
DEFECT AND THEN FILLING THE GROOVE WITH WELD METAL DEPOSITED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH 8.2
 CORRODED AREAS MAY BE RESTORED WITH WELD METAL DEPOSITED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH 8.2
 INSERT PATCHES (FLUSH PATCHES) MAY BE USED TO REPAIR DAMAGED
OR CORRODED AREAS IS THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS ARE MET.
a) FULL PENETRATION GROOVE WELDS ARE PROVIDED
b) FOR CLASS 1 AND CLASS 2 PIPING SYSTEMS, THE WELDS SHALL BE 100%
RADIOGRAPHY OR ULTRASONIC TESTING
c) PATCHES MAY BE ANY SHAPE BUT SHALL HAVE ROUNDED CORNER
(25MM RADUIS)
NONWELDING REPAIRS (ON STREAM)
 TEMPORARY REPAIRS OF LOCALLY THINNED SECTIONS OR
CIRCUMFERENTIAL LINEAR DEFECTS MAY BE MADE ON-STREAM BY
INSTALLING A PROPERLY DESIGNED AND APPLIED ENCLOSURE
 (EXAMPLE BOLTED CLAMP, NONMETALLIC COMPOSITE WRAP, METALLIC
AND EPOXY WRAPS OR OTHER NON WELDED APPLIED TEMPORARY
REPAIR)
 DURING TURNAROUNDS OR OTHER APPROPRIATE OPPURTUNITIES,
TEMPORARY LEAK SEALING AND LEAK DISSIPATING DEVICES (WIRE,
WRAPPING AND MECHANICAL CLAMPS ETC.) INCLUDING TEMPORARY
REPAIRON VALVES
 SHALL BE REMOVED AND APPROPRIETE ACTIONS TAKEN TO RESTORE
THE ORIGINAL INTEGRITY OF THE PIPING SYSTEM
 THE INSPECTOR AND PIPING ENGINEER SHALL BE INVOLVE IN METHODS
AND PROCEDURES.
 TEMPORARY LEAK SEAL MAY REMAIN IN PLACE FOR AS LONGER PERIOD
OF TIME ONLY IF APPROVED AND DOCUMENTED BY THE PIIPING
ENGINEER.
 PROCEDURES THAT INCLUDE LEAK SEALING FLUIDS (PUMPING) FOR
PROCESS PIPING SHOULD BE REVIEWED FOR ACCEPTANCE BY THE
INSPECTOR OR PIPING ENGINEER.
 THE REVIEW SHOULD TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION THE COMPATIBILITY
OF THE SEALANT WITH THE LEAKING MATERIAL
  THE MATERAIL SHALL BE LIMITED TO P-NO.1, GROUP 1,2 AND 3, AND
WELDING AND HOT TAPPING P-NO. 3, GROUP 1 AND 2 (EXCLUDING Mn-Mo steel in GROUP 2)
 THE WELDING SSHALL BE LIMITED TO THE SMAW. GMAW, GTAW, FCAW
 ALL REPAIR AND ALTERATION WELDING SHALL BE DONE IN  THE WELDERS AND WELDING PROCEDURES SHALL BE QUALIFIED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF ASME B31.3 ACCORDANCE WITH THE APPLICABLE RULES OF THE ORIGINAL CODE OF
 ANY WELDING CONDUCTED ON PIPING SYSTEM IN OPERATION SHALL BE CONSTRUCTION, EXCEPT THAT THE PWHT OF THE TEST COUPON USED
DONE IN ACCORDANCE WITH API 2201. TO QUALIFY THE PROCEDURE SHALL BE OMITTED.
 THE INSPECTOR SHALL USE AS A MINIMUM “ THE SUGGESTED HOT TAP 
CHECKLIST” CONTAIN IN API 2201
 SEE API 577 FOR HOT TAP

PROCEDURES, QUALIFICATION AND RECORDS

 THE REPAIR ORGANIZATION SHALL USE WELDERS AND WELDING

PROCEDURES QUALIFIED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASME B31.3 OR THE
CODE WHICH THE PIPING WAS BUILT.
 SEE API 577 ON WELDING PROCEDURES AND QUALIFICATIONS.
 THE REAPAIR ORGANIZATION SHALL MAINTAIN RECORDS OF WELDING
PROCEDURES AND WELDER PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATIONS.
 THESE RECORDS SHALL BE AVAILABLE TO THE INSPECTOR PRIOR TO THE
START OF WELDING.

PREHEATING AND PWHT

 SEE API 577 FOR PWHT AND PRE-HEAT

PREHEATING

 Preheat temp used in making welding repair shall be in accordance with

the applicable code and qualified welding procedures
 Exception for temporary repair shall be approved by the piping engineer
 Preheat alone may not be considered as an alternative to environmental
cracking prevention

PWHT

 PWHT OF PIPING SYSTEM REPAIR OR ALTERATIONS SHOULD BE MADE

USING THE APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS OF ASME B31.3 OR THE CODE
TO WHICH THE PIPING WAS BUILT
 LOCAL PWHT MAY BE SUBSTITUTED FOR 360 BANDING ON LOCAL
REPAIR ON ALL MATERIALS, PROVIDED THE FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS
 AND REQUIREMENTS ARE APPLIED
 THE APPLICATION IS REVIEWED, AND A PROCEDURE IS DEVELOPED BY
THE PIPING ENGINEER
 A PREHEAT OF 300 F OR HIGHER AS SPECIFIED BY SPECIFIC WELDING
PROCEDURES, IS MAINTAIN WHILE WELDING
 THE REQUIRED PWHT TEMPERATURE SHALL BE MAINTAINED FOR A
DISTANCE OF NOT LESS THAN TWO TIMES THE BASE METAL THICKNESS
MEASURED FROM THE WELD.
 THE PWHT IS PERFORMED FOR THE CODE COMPLIANCE AND NOT FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL CRAKING RESISTANCE

PREHEAT OR CONTROLLED DEPOSITION WELDING METHODS AS ALTERNATIVE TO

POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT

 FULL PWHT MAY HAVE POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECTS ON EQUIPMENT

AND PIPING
 THE PIPING MAY HAVE BEEN ORIGINALLY PWHT OR MAY REQUIRE PWHT
ACCORDING TO THE ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION CODE.
 PRIOR TO USING ALTERNATIVE METHODS, A PIPING ENGINEER SHALL
ASSURE THE ALTERNATIVE IS SUITABLE BASE ON A METALLURGICAL
REVIEW.
 THE REVIEW SHALL CONSIDER FACTORS SUCH AS THE REASON FOR THE
ORIGINAL PWHT
 STRESS CORROSION CRACKING, STRESSES IN THE LOCATION OF THE
WELD, SUSCEPTIBILY TO HIGH TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN ATTACK OR
CREEP
 PRESSURE BOUNDARY PROCESS PIPING ALTERATION OR REPAIR WELDS
THAT INITIALLY REQUIRED PWHT SHALL BE PWHT. WITH THE
EXCEPTIONS LIST IN 8.2.4.2 AND 8.2.4.3

PREHEATING METHOD (NOTCH TOUGHNESS TESTING NOT REQUIRED)

PREHEATING METHOD LIMITED TO THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS AND WELD

PROCESSES