Sensitivity of galvanometer independent on I

it depends on spring torque &friction

1
I pass in galvanometer not affect on sensitivity but Ig
affect.
Directed from north pole
m*d2 m*d1

2
N
N

not affect By B
3
Mutual force between two wires always
(equal) (1F2=2F1)
4
(7ata lao wire 3ndo I akBar)

5
attraction repulsion
Neutral point:

At mid same direction + =

Not formed opposite direction + =
6 Outside opposite direction + not =

(. ) Lazm

8 MR: Hytham Ahmed

 If wire has Diameter

7 r d*

8 RS Dec Sensitivity to 1/10

RX Dec reading to 1/3 RX=2 Rapp
total B coil wire solenoid
Bt B
9 + B

If say same ,wire ,coil re- wounded

10
If say constant voltage , same Battery
I change due to change in R
Ohmmeter hot wire ammeter has
non uniform scale
11 we ay device tany uniform due to angle of deflection of
pointer el 7age el by2sha el device

12 Factors affecting on kind of mutual force

Direction of I in Both wires (att or rep)
Equilibrium:
13 Galvanometer
Hot wire ammeter

9 MR: Hytham Ahmed

 Ay shkl handsy montzm el I 2smo L 2 parts el Bt 3nd el
center = 0

14 m m
Bt at m = 0

m m m

If say remove 1/5 coil + pass same I

15 If say 1/5 coil + same voltage

A coil N= 10 , Dimension (10×5) cm from wire

, A= 1mm2 to spring
each of R=10 , act as terminals of I and connect to
Battery 20V. Placed at B = 0.2 T , find max

16

SOL
Rcoil =

I=

10 MR: Hytham Ahmed

 In motor we detect direction of rotation by
17 F.L.H rule ( )
I scale ohmmeter
Ig I RX I given Ig
Rapp Rx

Ex) If Ig= 200mA

18 I=50 mA 300

RX = 300 = 3 Rapp

5aly Balk f msa2al el Ammeter Voltmeter Tlb el RS , Rm

, Rt we zakr dol kwys
Ig Rg

Is Rs

19
Rg Rm

Ig

11 MR: Hytham Ahmed

 At Equilibrium:
µ *I1* I2* L /2 d

20 a

mg

21
r r=d
d

To make F on wire carry I = 0

22 (behind 2 wire carry I) must placed at N.P of 2 wires

Direction of I oppose direction of

23

In Ammeter RS >RAmmeter
24
As

25 As

26 Range, accuracy: ability to measure big value

12 MR: Hytham Ahmed

 m
27
at m is out of paper

5aly Balk
F on wire = 0
28 +
Bs

29

30

Bt
B law Bt

X Y
If wire Y move away from X

31 a)

b) as wire move away)

incresae

13 MR: Hytham Ahmed

٣١٥
٣١٦
٣١٧
٣١٨
 Enqaz Ch2

AFKAR EL MAGNETIC FLUX

1)Two bodies passing through them a magnetic field

line as shown in figure if magnetic flux for body
(1) equal and for body (2) so

a) =
b) =
c) 4 =
d) =
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2) A coil with face area (A) was put in a
magnetic flux with density (B) as in figure and
the resultant magnetic flux was ( m), so the
angle that the coil rotates with it anti-
clockwise to make the magnetic flux (2 m ) is

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

AFKAR EL STRAIGHT WIRE

1) In the opposite figure, the ratio between the

magnetic flux density at the points (X) and (Y) is
a) 1/4 b) 1/2 c) 1/1 d) 2/1
 Enqaz Ch2

2) two parallel wires , the distance between them is 24 cm , in

the first wire a current of intensity 4 A Passes, in the second wire
a current of intensity 8 ampere passes in same direction so
calculate Bt at mid-point between them
a)1.87x10-5

b)6.667x10-6

c) 6.2x10-6

d)4x10-6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3)two parallel wires , the distance between them is 24 cm , in

the first wire a current of intensity 4 A Passes, in the second wire
a current of intensity 8 A passes in same direction so calculate Bt
at point 6 cm outside of them at the side of the first wire
a)1.87x10-5

b)6.667x10-6

c) 6.2x10-6

d)4x10-6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4) In the following figure, 2 adjacent coils carrying electric current,

magnetic flux dens
rotate by 90 around the axis parallel to its plane.
Enqaz Ch2

AFKAR EL NEUTRAL POINT

1) No neutral point can be formed by two parallel straight

A-
B- two wires opposite direction current , I1=I2
C- two wires same direction current , I1=I2
D-
---------------------------------------------------------------
2) In the following circuit. Wire carry a
current placed tangent to ring carry a
current ,detect direction of current and its
value that must pass in ring to make total
magnetic flux at center = zero .Then
calculate total magnetic flux density at this
center if current reversed in this ring
(A) 6.28 A clockwise
(B) 6.28 A counter clockwise
(C) 2 A clockwise
(D) 2 A counter clockwise
------------------------------------------------------------------
3) isolated wires perpendicular to each other carrying
current in each of them in certain direction
as shown in figure, 4 points placed in same
distance from the 2 wires , which point have
magnetic field out of page and max
magnetic field intensity ?
Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Point 4
Enqaz Ch2

4) two parallel straight conductors carrying currents , the current

intensity of the first wire is 20 A ,a neutral point is formed at
point (c) at distance 20 cm from this wire , if the current in this
wire reverses its direction , find Bt at point (c )

a)8x10-7

b)8x10-5

c)4x10-7

d)4x10-5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5) In the figure two insulated wires normal to

each other passing through them currents of
intensities I, 2I. So the neutral point is at

-------------------------------------------------------------------

Two straight, parallel wires each pass

an electric current, as in the following
figure, the point at which the total

(A) a (B) b
(C) c (D) d
 Enqaz Ch2

AFKAR COIL WE SOLENOID

1) In the shown figure, at switching on the key

(K), the magnetic flux density inside the
solenoid:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2) The figure shows two
circular coils (X), (Y) having
same diameter and same
electric current intensity
passes through each of them.
If the number of turns of coil
(X) is double the number of turns of coil (Y). Which one of
the following relations represents correctly the relation
between the magnetic flux density at the center of each
coil.

3)In the opposite figure, the resultant

magnetic flux density at point x

7.5 × T 5.6 × T
8.75 × T 1.25 × T
Enqaz Ch2

4) In the opposite figure, a

solenoid of length 1.1m whose
number of turns is 210 turns, is
placed in an external magnetic
field of flux density 1.2x10-3T
that is parallel to
so the electric current that passes through the circuit
and the poles of the battery, that make the resultant

The electric current The pole of the battery

A 8A (a) is +ve pole, (b) is ve pole

B 8A (a) is -ve pole, (b) is +ve pole

C 5A (a) is +ve pole, (b) is ve pole

D 5A (a) is -ve pole, (b) is +ve pole

-------------------------------------------------------------
5)The wire shown in the figure carries a
current of 30 A, so the magnetic field at a
point (P) and its direction:
8.25 × Tesla Out of page.
8.25 × Tesla Into the page.
1.18 × Tesla Out of page.
1.18 × Tesla Into the page.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Enqaz Ch2

6) A wire (L) is shaped as four circular turn, and another

time as one circular turns and connected to the same
cell (VB). The magnetic flux density at the center of the
coil is ...
A) decrease 4 times B) decrease 16 times
C) increased 4times D)increased 16 times
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7)A flat circular coil with 10 turns and diameter 2cm

carries a current of 7A is mounted inside a solenoid of
200 turns and 20 cm length carrying a current of 2.1A, if
-7Wb\Amp.m Find : Magnetic flux
density at the center of the coil when its axis
perpendicular to axis of solenoid
A) 5.13 x T B) 2.13 x T C) 4.13 x T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8) Two circular coils carrying currents having the same number of turns, the two
coils of radii 3cm and 6cm and they have equal magnetic dipole moments. The

a)2/5 b)4/1 c)1/8 d)5/4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9) what happen to B of solenoid , if the length of it stretched to

increase by 50% and current reduced to quarter its value

a) B decrease to double

b)B remains constant

c) B increase 6 times

d)B Decrease 6 times

Enqaz Ch2

10) what happens to B on solenoid if ¼ solenoid length is

removed while source is same

a)remains constant b)increase 4 times

c)decrease to ¾ d)increase to 4/3

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

11)a circular coil of a diameter 10 cm, and N turns carrying

current and produce m.feild at its center , if it is stretched to
form a solenoid, calculate the length of the solenoid when the B
on solenoid axis equal ¼ the flux density of circular coil

a)0.4 m

b)0.4 cm

c)0.2 cm

d) 0.2 m

---------------------------------------------------------------

12) an isolated wire of diameter 0.2 cm is wound around an iron

core of permeability 2x10-3 wb/A.m ,such that the turns are
touching each other along the iron core , if a current 5 A Passes

a) 5

b) 10

c) 15

d) 20
 Enqaz Ch2

13) In the opposite figure, long straight wire perpendicular on

the plane of page carrying electric current of 8 A, the wire
is about 10 cm from point (X) on the axis of solenoid. If the
number of turns of solenoid is 5 turns per cm carrying
electric current 0.7 A., then resultant magnetic flux density

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AFKAR EL FORCE

1) In figure, you have three long wires (X,Y

and Z). Which of these wires is not affected
by a magnetic force?

----------------------------------------------------------------

2) The figure has a mass per unit length

of 0.04Kg/m. What current must exist in
the conductor in order for the tension
in the supporting wires to be zero when
the magnetic field is 3.6T into the page,
knowing that ( g = 10 ) ?
A) 0.11A B) 0.25A C) 0.5A
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Enqaz Ch2

3) A rectangular loop of wire lies in the

same plane as a straight wire, as
shown in figure. There is a current of
2.5A in both wires. Determine the
magnitude and direction of the net
force on the loop.
A) 1.5 x (upward)
B) 2.6 x (downward)
C) 2.6 x (upward)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4) In the shown figure 3 straight parallel

wires, each of length 10 cm, the wires X, Z
are fixed while Y is move freely. Find: the
displacement of the wire (Y) when a current
flow through it and its direction of motion
which make the total force acting on it equal
zero.
A) d/2 , toward wire Z C) d/2 , toward wire X
B) d/3 , toward wire Z D) d/3 , toward wire X
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

5) Four identical wires 1,2,3 and 4

carrying the same current are
located in a uniform field as
shown opposite. Which wire has
a maximum magnetic force?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
 Enqaz Ch2

6) The figure represents two parallel straight

wires (X) , (Y) . If the force acting on a unit
length of each wire is . So the
electric current intensity passing in the wire

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

7) A conducting rod of length L= 75 cm and mass m= 18 gm

is suspended from the ceiling by a pair of flexible
conducting leads in a uniform magnetic field as in the
figure. Current of 0.3 A passing to the right through the
wire. The magnitude and direction of the magnetic field
that is required to remove the tension in the supporting
leads is: (given that g=10 m/s2)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

8) Two parallel wires carrying an electric current, length

of the first is half that of the second and the current
passing in the first is double that of the second, so the
ratio between the magnetic force acting on the first to
.
a) 1/1 b) 2/1 c) 4/1 d) 8/1
 Enqaz Ch2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

9) The given figure represents three straight parallel

wires X,Y and Z each of length 1 m. The wires carry a
current of 5A, 8A and 10A respectively in the directions
shown. If the wire Y is 0.05m away from each of the
wires X and Z. Calculate the magnetic force acting on
the wire Y.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

10) The figure shows two parallel wires (X) and (Y) ,
the normal distance between them is 30 cm , carrying
electric currents of intensities (3A) and (4A)
respectively and are affected by external magnetic
field of flux density (B) as shown in the figure . If the
resultant magnetic force per unit length of the wire
(X) is . Then the value of (B) equals

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Enqaz Ch2

11) In the following figure . wire

magnetic field of B= 1.9 tesla

.determine direction
value of force when key closed
..

(A) 0.62 N, out of page

(B) 0.62 N ,into page

(C) 0.57 N, out of page
(D) 0.57 N, into page
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12) In the opposite circuit, a wire xy of
resistance (R) carrying electric current I1
placed parallel to another wire (ab)
carrying electric current I2, a magnetic
force (F) is produced between them, when
switch K is closed then, the value of the
 Enqaz Ch2

13) 13) The opposite figure shows three long

wires P, Q and R which are placed normal to
the page. If all of them carry currents of the
a) 80same
micro Newton
intensity however the directions of the
currents in P, R are into the page and the
b) 120 micro Newton
direction of the current in Q is out from the
page, so which of the shown arrows
c) 40 micro Newton
represents the direction of the resultant magnetic force on the

d) 60 micro Newton

14)A rectangular coil of length (L1) and

width (L2) carries an electric current of
intensity (I) and placed parallel to magnetic
flux of density (B) the force acting on the
14) Three parallel straight wires where wire Y is placed in
between them as length of wire X = 60cm and wire
Y = 40cm and Z = 10 cm . The current passing through
zero,BIL2 BIL2, zero
Ix=4A and Iy=3A and Iz=10A . Find the force acting on
zero,BIL1 BIL1, zero
wire Y ?
15)The graph represents the relation between X Y Z
the magnetic force (F) acting on a current 10cm 10cm
carrying wire placed perpendicular to a magnetic
field of density (B) and the magnetic flux
density for different magnetic fields. So, the
magnetic force acting on the wire when the

 Enqaz Ch2

AFKAR EL TORQUE

1)Coil of a galvanometer is suspended in a radial magnetic field so that the

deflecting torqu

BIAN sin BIAN sin(90- )

BIAN tan BIAN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

2) If the direction of the electric current on a

loop (adcb) is clockwise, when this loop is
placed in a magnetic field and affected by a

-----------------------------------------------------------

3)
complete circle of radius 7 cm, the two terminals a and b
are connected to a battery of e.m.f equal 10 volts, of
internal resistance equal
a magnetic field of density 0.4T, the torque acting on the

---------------------------------------------------------------
 Enqaz Ch2

4) An electric current passes through a rectangular coil its plane is

parallel to the direction of a magnetic field flux density = 2T and magnetic
dipole moment of coil = 0.3 , so the magnetic torque acting on the

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5) In the opposite figure, coil composed of 100
turns is placed parallel to magnetic field, side ab
is affected by force 1 N, when the magnetic
dipole is 2 A.m2 , then perpendicular distance

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6)
 Enqaz Ch2

DEVICES
1)The condition to Minimize friction force of
galvanometer is
a) using spiral b) using gate bearings c) using flat magnet
-------------------------------------------------------------
2) A galvanometer scale of 10 divisions connected to a multiplier
indication of 3V. The pointer reading was on the 4 division, the

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3) the ratio between resistance of current divider that decrease

sensitivity to quarter to resistance of another current divider

a) more than

b) less than

c) equal

---------------------------------------------------------------------

4)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Enqaz Ch2

5) If the ratio between the resistance of the ammeter and

that of the galvanometer is , then the ratio between the
shunt resistance to the galvanometer resistance is

------------------------------------------------------------------

6)From the following scale for G

converted to ammeter find shunt R

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7) A galvanometer its coil gas a 50 ohm resistance was

connected to a multiplier of 450 ohms, the maximum
reading of the voltmeter was 1V, when it was connected to
another multiplier , the voltmeter reads 18 V. So the
value of

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8) Galvanometer Coil is connected to a shunt of value

then connected to a shunt of value the ratio of decrease
of sensitivity in both cases respectively is
 Enqaz Ch2

--------------------------------------------------------------

9) A galvanometer of

resistor is connected in series with them. the maximum

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
10)An ohmmeter is connected with an external resistor (x) of resistance 400
ohm . The pointer deflected galvanometer scale . If (x) is replaced with

galvanometer scale .

----------------------------------------------------------

11)The diagram shows the scale of

an ohmmeter. What is the relation
between the value of (R1) and the
value of (R2) on the ohmmeter
scale?

a)R2 = 1/2R1

b)R2 = 2R1

c)R2 = 3R1

d)R2 = 4R1

--------------------------------------------------------------------
 Enqaz Ch2

12) The opposite figure is for scale of ohmmeter of resistance R

12)

X M

Zero 3R

Zero 3R

R R

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13) An ohmmeter works with a battery of 1.5 volt, when its ends arc
touched. Its pointer gives full scale deflection on passing a current
of intensity 300 micro ampere. The value of the external resistance
which the ohmmeter measures and which cause deflection of its
pointer to

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

14) If the pointer of the galvanometer is deflected by angle 50 when a

current of 500 passes through it, then the galvanometer sensitivity equals

---------------------------------------------------------------------
Enqaz Ch2

15) The opposite figure is for scale of ohmmeter of resistance R

X M

Zero 3R

Zero 3R

R R

And the val

a)1.5 V

b) 3 V

c) 1.875 V

d)2 V

------------------------------------------------------------------------

17) The scale of a sensitive galvanometer consists of 20

divisions. Its pointer deflects to quarter scale when a
current of intensity 0.01 milli-ampere passes through its
coil. The device sensitivity equals:
(a) 20 microampere/division
(b) 10 microampere/division
(c) 5 microampere/division
(d) 2 microampere/division
 Enqaz Ch2

18)

18) A galvanometer its coil gas a 50 ohm resistance was

connected to a multiplier of 450 ohms, the maximum
reading of the voltmeter was 1V, when it was connected to
another multiplier , the voltmeter reads 18 V. So the
value of

m scale deflection

resistor is connected in series with them. the maximum

19)
20) A galvanometer scale of 10 divisions connected to a multiplier
indication of 3V. The pointer reading was on the 4 division, the