GRAMMAR II Comentario [P1]: 2 (two)

MID-TERM EXAM

STUDENT:Lilian Espejo
I.D. Number: 92260266
DATE: May 16 20222

Theoretical framework. Provide short definitions for TEN terms of your choice: Comentario [P2]: vg

1. Sentence: a string of words that begins in the upper case and finishes in a stop

2. Constituent:

3. Clause:

4. Phrase: a group of one or more words with a head. One word can be considered a phrase Comentario [P3]: The head
Comentario [P4]: As it may be
potentially expanded
Morpheme: : the basic unit of grammatical meaning.

5.

Morph:

6. Allomorph:

7. Root:

8. Affix:

9. Prefix: an affix inserted before the root

Suffix: : an affix inserted after the root.

10.

11. Free morph:

12. Bound morph:

13. Nominalization:

Apposition: : two or more noun phrases identical in reference or else, the reference is included in the other. They
can be divided into restrictive, non-restrictive, and explicit

14.

Notional subject: it is the subject placed towards the end of the clause, which is
represented by an anticipatory subject at the beginning of a clause
15.

16. Absolute construction

 17. Main verb: it can stand on its own

Auxiliary: a helping verb that accompanies another

18.

Subclasses: Modal: shall, should, ought to, must, can, could, will, would

Aspectual: be, have

Passive: to be

Dummy: do

Finite verb: it carries tense, mood, and subject-person agreement. It is the

element that represents the predicate.
19.

20. Nonfinite verb:

Exercises:

1. Number of morphemes:
sooner: 2 unhappily: 3
went: 1 grandparents: 2 Comentario [P5]: x

2. Noun:

police: abstract, animate countable, proper, in the neuter gender plural invariable unmarked Comentario [P6]: x
Comentario [P7]: x
happiness: uncountable, concrete, inanimate, variable plural to the plurality neuter in the gender form
Comentario [P8]: x
Comentario [P9]: x
Paris: abstract, proper, uncountable, singular in the gender in the irregular foreign form
Comentario [P10]: x
wife: concrete common, uncountable variable, plural irregular, feminine in the gender, Comentario [P11]: x
Comentario [P12]: x
Comentario [P13]: ?

3. Pre-modifiers: order of adjectives Comentario [P14]: x

Comentario [P15]: x
a _______ rack functional, Chinese, marble - functional, marble, Chinese – marble, functional, Chinese Comentario [P16]: ?

_______ earrings rocky, gala, octagonal – octagonal, rocky, gala - rocky, octagonal, gala Comentario [P17]: x

4. The Verb: semantic classification

i. Aspectual v.: initiative { become }, durative {keep on }, Comentario [P18]: x

perfective { conclude }
Disagree
ii. Modality v.: cognition: proper {disagree }
Conclude
communication {respond }
Fly
volition: proper { desire}
Desire

Aim
 intention { improve} Comentario [P19]: x

iii. Dynamic v.: process: movement {fly }

change of state { set up} Comentario [P20]: x

inchoative { compel} Comentario [P21]: x

causative: purely causative {clean } Comentario [P22]: x

mixed causative { aim} Comentario [P23]: x

5. Sentence analysis:

It is crucial to understand what to do in an emergency in a public place but real action should be taken by
paramedics only.

Class of sentence: …… Compound-Complex……………………………………………………..

Syntactic classification: Comentario [P24]: inc

i. Tense: …Simple………………………………………………………..
ii. Aspect: ………………Present…………………………………….…..
iii. Voice: …Active………………………………………………………..
iv. Mood: … indicative ………………………………………………………..

It is crucial to understand what to do in an emergency in a public place: Comentario [P25]: ?

It: personal pronoun acting as an anticipatory subject

Is IVIP -verb- head of the verb phrase

crucial to understand what to do in an emergency: subject Comentario [P26]: x

crucial: adj head of the adjectival phrase

to understand: preposition phrase acting as a direct object Comentario [P27]: x

what to do in an emergency, adverbial cl acting as a AA of time Comentario [P28]: x

what: subordinating Comentario [P29]: x

to do: verb acting as the head of the vp(verb phrase) Comentario [P30]: x
in an emergency: -prepositional phrase -acting as Adverbial Comentario [P31]: inc

an emergency: prep acting as head of the pp( preposition phrase Comentario [P32]: x

an: indef pronoun acting as premodifier of the head of the noun prhase Comentario [P33]: x
Comentario [P34]: x

emergency: noun acting as head of the noun phrase

in a public place: prepositional phrase acting as Adverbial of place Comentario [P35]: plus adjunct

in: prep acting as head of the prep phrase

a: indefinite pronoun acting as premodifier of the noun phr Comentario [P36]: x

public: adj. acting as the head of the adjectival phr acting as premodifier of the head of the noun phrase Comentario [P37]: wordy

place: noun acting as head of the noun phrase

but: coordinating conjunction Comentario [P38]: inc

real action should be taken by paramedics only: Comentario [P39]: ?

real action: noun phrase acting as subject

real: adj phr acting as the head of the adj phrase and pre-modifier of the head of the noun phrase Comentario [P40]: wordy

action: -noun acting as head of the noun phrase

should be taken: verb phrase acting as the verb element

should: modal auxiliary verb

be: primary auxiliary verb Comentario [P41]: for the passive

taken: lexical verb acting as the head of the verb phrase Comentario [P42]: x

by paramedics only: prepositional prh acting as an adverbial adjunct of agency in passive construction Comentario [P43]: agent

by: preposition and head of the prep phrase

paramedics: noun head of the noun phrase- acting as a prepositional complement Comentario [P44]: x

only: adverb acting as head of the adverb phrase acting as Adverbial Comentario [P45]: ?