Snorkeling

AGREDA, AMPUAN, ARGAWANON, BALOS, BANQUIAO

 01 SNORKELING
Contents 02 HISTORY OF SNORKELING

03 BASIC EQUIPMENT IN SNORKELING

04 GEAR SET UP

05 SNORKELING PROCEDURES

06 SNORKELING PROBLEM MITIGATION

07 IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER

Snorkeling

Snorkeling is the practice of swimming on or through a

body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped
breathing tube called a snorkel, and usually swimfins. In
cooler waters, a wetsuit may also be worn.
Snorkeling Snorkeling is not only used for
recreational purposes.

Also used in:

water-based search
water sports

Snorkeling helps the overall

fitness of a person. It works out
the:
quadriceps
hamstrings
calves
ankles
hip flexors
core muscles
shoulders
 HOLLOW REED
Snorkeling 3000 Skin divers of the island Crete
used hollow reeds to breathe
B.C. as they collected sponges.

Timeline
ANIMAL SKINS
9000 Divers in Assyria used animal
skins filled with air to lengthen
B.C. their stay underwater.

DIVING BELL
Alexander the Great encouraged
300 the development of a cauldron
B.C. designed to trap a pocket of air
when it was lowered into the
water.
 EYE GOGGLE
The shell of the tortoise was used
1300s to develop a gadget to protect
the eye. Used by persian divers.
Snorkeling
Timeline HOLLOWED TUBE AND WEBBED
SWIMMING GLOVES
1400s Leonardo de Vinci proposed and
created the first contemporary
snorkel.

WOODEN PADDLES

Benjamin Franklin came up with

1717 the idea of using wooden paddles
attached to hands and feet.

MODERN FINS

1912 Modern fins were invented by

Frenchman Louis de Corlieu.
Snorkeling Equipment
Snorkeling equipment went through
different innovations in time.

The basic gear needed in snorkeling are the

snorkel, goggles, and fins. Other essential
equipment, although optional for some, are
the floating vest and rash guard to protect
against water damage.
A. MASK
The mask serves as the viewing device in
appreciating the world beneath the water.
Without the mask, everything viewed
underwater will be blurred or distorted. The
airspace created in the mask is what helps in
seeing clearly underwater.
 The nose being enclosed in the
mask will have
its special function in equalizing

What do you pressure during dives.

MEAN by this?
Diving underwater brings pressure on the air space in the mask. In
order to equalize this pressure, one needs to exhale a little air through
the nose. Otherwise, the soft tissues beneath the mask, especially
around the eyes, swell and discolor.
IMPORTANT THINGS
to remember
in choosing a
MASK?
 FIT

COMFORT
Strap holds the mask to Mask Skirt is the soft
the face underwater. flexible material that seals
the mask around the face.

Nose Pocket cushions and

Parts
protects the nose. Some
masks have the purge
valve, a little flap valve
located at the bottom of
nose pocket that helps in
of the
removing the water that
has entered the masks
Mask
TIPS in choosing a
MASK?
Step 1: Choosing the Mask
Observe feature of face (narrow face, high nose,
etc) and pick a mask that looks like the features of
your face.
Step 2: Testing the Mask
Put the mask on your face without putting the strap. Look
in a mirror and check where the mask skirt lies.

Is it too
NARROW AROUND
the side of your eyes?
r emember when s nor k el i ng,
water pressure will press the mask Into your face a bit.
Step 3: Do the Suction Test
Put the mask to your face without putting the strap
around the head.
Let the strap rest on top of the mask.
Press the mask slight to your face.
Inhale a small amount through your nose to suction it to
your face, then release your hand.
The mask should stay on your face. Walk a bit, the mask
should still stay on your face and not fall off.
Step 4: Put the Mask on Fully
Try the mask on with its strap around your head.
The strap should sit high on the back of the head not
resting on your ears as this might cause discomfort and
pain.
Having the strap lose and too tight will both cause leak.
If the mask left red line around your face when you
removed the mask, then the sea is too tight and the
mask is not for you.
Also, make sure that you can still easily pinch your nose
so that you can clear your ears when diving underwater.
Step 5: Snorkel-Mask Fitting
With the mask on and strapped just right, put the
snorkel in you mouth and see what happens to the seal.
Some do not do this for fitting but it can change the
shape of you face and break the seal of some masks. If
it does, try another mask.
B. SNORKEL
Possible to breathe at the surface
while the face is submerged in water.

basically composed of:

TUBE MOUTHPIECE
 SNORKEL PARTS GUIDE
Dry Valve or Splash Guard

Mask Strap Clip

Mouth Piece

Flex Tube
Purge Valve
 Dry Valve
or
Splash Guard The classic snorkel has the most
basic part, the solid tube and the
mouthpiece. Sometimes, this can
Mask Strap Clip be bent to a specific shape,

Mouth Piece

Flex Tube
Purge Valve
 The snorkel with a flexible tube below
Dry Valve
or the strap attachment point is more
Splash Guard comfortable than the classic snorkel.
The flexible tube allows the top and
mouthpiece to rotate to different
angles to better fit the face. It can
Mask Strap Clip
also drop away from the face when
not in use.
Mouth Piece

Flex Tube
Purge Valve
 Dry Valve
or Purge valve. This is a small valve just
Splash Guard lower than the mouth that empties the
collected water that comes down the
tube when one blows it out.
Mask Strap Clip

Mouth Piece

Flex Tube
Purge Valve
 Dry Valve
or A splash guard prevents splashed
Splash Guard water and spray from easily entering
the tube. However, this will not stop
water from entering the tube when a
Mask Strap Clip big wave covers the snorkel or when
one goes underwater.

Mouth Piece

Flex Tube
Purge Valve
 Dry Valve
or The dry valve is a special valve on top
Splash Guard of the tube that completely stops
water (and air) from entering the tube
when a wave comes or when diving
Mask Strap Clip underwater. This way, one does not
need to clear the water out when
coming back to the surface.
Mouth Piece

Flex Tube
Purge Valve
C. SNORKELING FINS
Water resists or "pushes back" anything moving
through it. This is the principle behind what the fins
do. It is this resistance that provides much of the
propulsion created by a moving fin.

Speed and efficiency in swimming are what one

gains in wearing fins. They provide the necessary
locomotion to propel effortlessly in the water. Fins
conserve more energy and, therefore, allow the
snorkeler to reach further distances. Moreover, fins
may also protect the feet from accidental contact
with rocks and corals. Treading in water also
becomes easy with fins.
TWO BASIC KINDS OF FINS
FULL FOOT/CLOSE FIN
T h e F U L L F O O T F INS c o v e r t h e h eel a n d a r e put o n l ik e
s l ip o n s h o e s . T hey a r e e as y t o us e, m o r e f l e x i b l e , a n d
m o r e e f f i c i e n t w hi l e s w i m m in g o n t h e s ur f ac e.

ADJUSTABLE/OPEN FIN
T h e A D J U S T A B L E F INS o n o n e h a n d, a r e o p en at t h e h eel
a n d h a v e a dj u s ta b l e s tr aps t o s e c u r e t h e f e et. S u c h f i n s
a r e o f t e n u s ed w i th d i v e bo o t s . T h ey ar e go o d c ho ic es
w h e n d i v i n g i n c o l d w a ter as t h e bo o t s w il l h el p t h e f eet
f r o m g e t t i n g c o l d . T he adjus t abl e f in gen er al l y has a
m o r e r i g i d b la d e tha n the f ul l f o o t f in an d it c an p r o v ide
a m o r e f o r w ar d thr u s t b u t r equir e m o r e ef f o r t t o use.

 NEW SUB-CLASSIFICATION OF FIN

PADDLE FIN
Have a single, full blade
Gives a fast accelerating speed from the long, slow,
and powerful strokes of the legs
G i v e s g o o d c o n t r o l a n d m a n e u v e r a b il it y e s p e c ia l l y
when carefully moving around corals
O n e c a n a l s o u s e a v a r i e t y o f k ic k in g s t r o k e s w it h
paddle fins.
SPLIT FIN

Semi-parted in the wet, separating the blade into two

long, stiff blades.
T h i s d e s i g n d i r e c t s t h e w a t e r f o r c e m o r e d ir e c t l y b e h in d
the fin than the paddle fin
T h i s m a k e s i t e a s i e r f o r t h e s w im m e r t o p r o p e l f o r w a r d ,
B e t t e r f o r m o v i n g f o r w a r d t h a n f o r b a c k p a d d l in g , f r o g
kicking, turning, etc.
D. SNORKEL VESTS

Snorkel vests are small and inflatable, which provide more buoyancy while
floating on water. This will help in consuming less energy in moving
around. However, one must take note that snorkel vest is not equivalent
and should never be used as a substitute for a life vest.
E. SKIN PROTECTION
Snorkeling may require one to be under the
sun for some time. In order to protect the
skin from the heat of the sun, one may use a
good biodegradable sunscreen or a better
choice will be wearing a long sleeve rash
guard. The shirt may also provide jellyfish
sting protection. However, if insulation is
needed from the cold waters, then a wetsuit
will be a better option.
F. SWIMMING CAPS
The swi mmi ng cap i s a bi g hel p i n keepi ng hai r out of the snorkel
and the face as wel l . I t wi l l al so hel p i n preventi ng the scal p from
burni ng on a sunny day
G. MASK DEFOGGERS
Mask defogger hel ps prevent the
mask from foggi ng up. Be sure to
choose one that i s non- toxi c,
bi odegradabl e, and al cohol free for
one' s protecti on and for the
protecti on of mari ne l i fe.
GEARS SET UP

How are gears set up Step 1: Clean and Defog the Mask FOGGING
When mask are new, some have packing oil on
is when the lens
them that can cause severe fogging. To avoid
this, cleam mask thoroughly first with soup of the mask
and water. become hazy or
obscured with
Defog mask with defogging solutions. Some tiny droplets of
use different alternatives like using a little moisture that
amount of toothpaste and rubs them on the
are formed on
mask then washes off. Another popular
practice among divers is spitting on the mask the lens of the
then rubbing it around the mask before mask
washing see water.

Step 2: Attach the snorkel to the mask by clipping the mask strap
clip to the strap of the mask. The snorkel can go on either side of
the mask but most would put it to the left perhaps because scuba
divers place them on the left side
How are gears set up Step 3: Put on the mask. Adjust the strap of
the mask to get a good fit, which is usually
done by adjusting the strap to the
appropriate notch.

Step 4: Put the snorkel on the mouth. Seal lips around the
mouthpiece. Adjust the snorkel's height. Rotate until the
snorkel remains in the mouth. Make sure that the top of the
snorkel is positioned at the top of the heel.

Step 5: Try on the fins. If one is using the open fin, put on the
booties first and slip on foot. Adjust and secure strap at the
back of the heel. The foot should be held firmly but not so
tight. In using the close fin, just slip in the foot like putting a
shoe. Some fins do not have a left foot and right foot fins
while others have. Some use a pir of neoprene socks to avoid
blisters on the feet especially at the back of ankles
PROCESS IN SNORKELING

 TEST AND PRACTICE

How is snorkeling

It is best for beginners to try the gears on shallow

is done

water. This way, one can get used to wearing the

mask and breathing through the tube. While on
shallow water, bend slightly at the waist and squat
until the face is submerged in the water. Relax and
breathe through the snorkel while enjoying the
aquatic life.

Adjust the strap when the mask is leaking water. It

may be loose or too tight. Sometimes, a mask that is
too tight can cause leaks as well.
 FLOATING POSITION
How is snorkeling

When one feels quite comfortable using the mask

is done

and breathing through a snorkel, it is time to start

floating. Extend legs and get into the floating
position with the face down. Relax and practice
breathing evenly through the snorkel. When one
inhales, the body goes slightly higher in the water
and goes a little lower when exhaling. This happens
because the body becomes buoyant when air enters
the lungs.
 KICKING TO MOVE
How is snorkeling

The next step is learning to be comfortable with the snorkeling

fins. Practice in the deeper part of the water. Float, then do
is done

the basic flutter stroke, the most common underwater kick.

This kick helps to be efficient and fast in moving in the water.
Fins should always be submerged otherwise more energy is
spent, which causes a decrease in kicking efficiency and
makes one get tired easily. Hands should also be kept on the
side while swimming to reduce drag.

Another common kick used in snorkeling is the dolphin kick. In

this kick, both fins should be kept together while bending the
knees and arching the back. Then, straighten the legs and back
at the same time. This will make a forward thrust.
How is snorkeling DIVING DEEPER
If one wants to go a little deeper to have a better view of marine
life, one can either use the "feet-first" dive or the "head-first
dive.
is done

a.) "FEET FIRST" DIVE

As described by the name, the feet go down first during this dive.
Tread vertically in the water then kick upward. As the body sinks
down, raise arms above the head. Pull the knees to the chest then
lower the head. This will rotate the body to a horizontal position
and swim underwater.

b.) "HEAD FIRST" DIVE

While at a horizontal position, kick forward, bend at the hips, and
pull knees and arms toward the chest. Thrust legs straight up and
maintain a streamlined position to glide into the water. Kick with
feet to move deeper down, and then arch back for a horizontal
position.
What should be
done when the following
problems arise?
Problem
Water is Filling the Mask
Acti on
Blow the air out through the nose while the mask is
on.
If the mask does not have the purge valve, then
simply lift your head out of the water and pull the
front of the mask forward.
When underwater, simply press the top of the mask
to the forehead and blow out through the nose.
Water is Filling the Mask
Problem
Water Entered the Snorkel
Acti on
Clear the snorkel by blowing out through the nose
while the mask is on.

Displacement clear is another method wherein you

need to look up straight while surfacing then exhale
a small amount of air into the snorkel.
Problem
Pressure is felt in the Ear while Diving
Acti on
To equalize pressure, do the pinch-blow nose technique.

It is done by closing the mouth, pinching the nose and

then gently blow out the air through the blocked nose.

Wiggling the jaw from side to side will also make the
equalization technique easier.
Pressure is Felt in the Ear while Diving
Important Things to
Remember in
Snorkeling
s Stay close to the shore if you are a beginner.
n Never do it alone.
0 One up, one down.
r Rain check!
k Know your surroundings.
e Energy retention. Don' t overestimate your limits.
L Leave them alone! Do not touch marine life.
 Physical Activity
Amazing Race
Instruction
1. Group yourselves into 8 or 9. (2 groups will have 9 members &
8 members for 1 group)
2. There will be 6 stations in this game.
3. The three groups will start at the same time. The first one to
finish all stations will win the game.
 Physical Activity
Amazing Race
OBJECTIVE
Finish all the stations and guess the
word/phrase based on the letters
provided by every station.
 Physical Activity
Amazing Race
Station 1

Location : MPH

In this station, all member of the group shall

perform 20 reps of Jumping Jacks to be able to
get letters.
 Physical Activity
Amazing Race
Station 2

Location : Gazebo

In this station, all member of the group shall

perform 15 reps of High Knees to be able to get
letters.
 Physical Activity
Amazing Race
Station 3

Location : Mini Park

In this station, all member of the group shall

perform 10 reps of Elevator Squat to be able to
get letters.
 Physical Activity
Amazing Race
Station 4

Location : Lawn

In this station, all member of the group shall

perform 10 reps of Burpees to be able to get
letters.
 Physical Activity
Amazing Race
Station 5
Location : Barangay
Hall

In this station, all member of the group shall do

frog jump to arrive at station 6 and get letters.
 Physical Activity
Amazing Race
Station 6
Every group can guess Location : MPH
twice !
In this station, all member of the group shall
cooperate in guessing the right word or phrase.
Thank You!
GROUP 1