Unit 3 -Air Transportation

Topics Covered

• Air Transportation in logistics.

• Significance of air transportation in logistics.
• Utility created by air transportation in logistics.
• Air transportation as a means of conquering time and space.
• Features and facilities offered by air cargo.
• Ways factors influencing growth in air logistics
• Air suitability for different cargo.
• Innovative schemes facilities to popularize air cargo logistics in India
• Share cargo movement in India and worldwide.
• Conventions covering the movement of dangerous goods by air.

Air Transportation in logistics

Air transport is an important enabler to achieving economic growth and development. Air
transport facilitates integration into the global economy and provides vital connectivity on a
national, regional, and international scale. It helps generate trade, promote tourism, and
create employment opportunities.
Main goal of air transportation industry is transportation of passengers and freight (Cargo).
IT and logistics in air transportation industry are on the very high level and could be an
example for the other applications of IT in logistics especially in Supply Chain Management
(SCM).

What is Air transportation in Logistics?

Air freight logistics is the shipment of goods via a chartered or scheduled air carrier. Air
freight is a popular choice for many companies as it ensures passage for their goods to
anywhere in the world that an aircraft can fly to and land. Goods transported by air have the
advantage of being taken to their final destination at high speed which could prove
advantageous if the shipment is time sensitive. Furthermore, shipments that are transported
via air carrier go through a higher level of security than other methods which makes it one
of the most secure ways to transport goods.

There are a few choices when it comes to organising an air freight delivery:
a) Consolidated Freight – Where one flight contains many shipments.
b) Back to back or Direct Services – Where a flight contains one single shipment.
c) Charter Services – Where an entire freight plane is chartered for a single air freight
delivery.

These shipments will either be placed into the hold of a regular passenger jet or in a
dedicated freight aircraft, which can hold huge amounts of cargo on one flight.
How Does Air Transport Logistics Work ::
In a lot of cases, air freight is arranged by an experienced Freight Forwarding Agency.
Freight Forwarders contract with a number of companies covering sea, air or road to
transport goods on behalf of their clients. Although some Freight Forwarders have their own
warehouses and vehicles, they aren’t necessarily the ones to carry out the transportation.

These are the general steps to receive shipment of your goods via air freight:

• Choose an air freight company and negotiate a price to ship your goods.
• The Freight Forwarder will arrange for your goods to be collected pre-packed or will
arrange for the packing to be done prior to transportation.
• The goods will be taken to the airport and go through Customs checks at the point of
origin.
• The goods are loaded onto the plane. If being delivered with a consolidated
shipment, the plane will remain on the ground until it is filled with cargo which
could take a few days.
• On arrival at its destination, the shipment will go through another Customs
inspection and will not be released into the country until all duty and taxes are paid.
• The shipment is delivered to you as per the agreement with your freight forwarding
company.

Significance of air transportation in logistics.

For anyone sending cargo internationally, it is well known that air freight shipping offers
shippers fast, flexible transportation services. International air freight is particularly useful
for time-sensitive, or urgent cargo that would lose its value if not delivered very quickly.

Read on to learn the top five Significance of air transportation in logistics.

1. Speed and reliability: The biggest advantage shippers gain when shipping air cargo is
speed, which can be as fast as same-day delivery. This mode of transportation offers the
fastest shipping times, as well as reliable arrival and departure times. For shippers who have
time-sensitive cargo, such as perishables, an air-only or an ocean-to-air service might offer
the best options.

2. Security: While airport security can be a hassle for those of us who fly, strict regulations
and screenings benefit air freight shippers. Cargo receiving areas and air terminals are
highly monitored and secure, limiting the risk of theft or damage. Additionally, there is
minimal handling and less time required for transit.

3. Locations served: Even the most remote locations can be serviced by air. With a large
operating footprint, airlines can provide air cargo services to nearly any location on the
planet. Additionally, air cargo consolidators can provide bi-directional links between among
many locations. This helps cargo move quickly and frequently.

4. Tracking:: Most air freight service providers offer web-based tracking that allows you to
check the real-time status of your cargo, from destination to arrival.

5. Cost of packaging :: Because cargo is shipped in very lightweight packaging, there is

reduced need for the packing materials and containers.
 Utility created by air transportation in logistics.

Meaning of Utility :: The want satisfying power of a commodity is called utility. It is a

quality possessed by a commodity or service to satisfy human wants. Utility can also be
defined as value-in-use of a commodity because the satisfaction which we get from the
consumption of a commodity is its value-in-use.

Types of Utility:

a) Form Utility :: When utility is created and or added by changing the shape or form of
goods, it is form utility. When a carpenter makes a table out of wood, he adds to the utility
of wood by converting it into a more useful commodity like furniture. He has created form
utility.

b) Place Utility: When the furniture is taken from the factory to the shop for sale, it leads to
place utility. This is because it is transported from a place where it has no buyers to a place
where it fetches a price.

c) Time Utility: When a farmer stores his wheat after harvesting for a few months and sells it
when its price rises, he has created time utility and added to the value of wheat.

d) Service Utility: When doctors, teachers, lawyers, engineers, etc. satisfy human wants
through their services, they create service utility. It is acquired through specialised
knowledge and skills.

e) Possession Utility :: Utility is also added by changing the possession of a commodity. A

book on economic theory has little utility for a layman. But if it is owned by a student of
economics, possession utility is created.

f) Knowledge Utility: When the utility of a commodity increases with the increase in
knowledge about its use, it is the creation of knowledge utility through propaganda,
advertisement, etc.

g) Natural Utility:All free goods such as water, air, sunshine, etc., possess natural utility.
They have the capacity to satisfy our wants.

Air transportation as a means of conquering time and space.

Improvements in transport technology enabled a gradual space/time convergence within

the global transport system. While in absolute terms, distances remain the same, in relative
terms (such as time-wise), distances are getting shorter. Before the industrial revolution,
transport technology only permitted limited access to other regions of the world.

Space-time convergence (also labeled as space/time compression) refers to the decline in

travel time between similar locations. This implies that two locations can be reached in a
lesser amount of time, which is usually the outcome of innovations in transport and
telecommunications. Space-time convergence investigates the changing relationship
between space and time, including the impacts of transportation improvements on such a
relationship. It is closely related to the concept of speed, which indicates how much space
can be traded for a specific amount of time.
Conclusions ::
There is need to understand how things move through time-space
Representation of space in non-Euclidean and fluid frameworks can yield useful insights
about social processes
Understanding settlement system development benefits from both experimental and
empirical assessment of time-space convergence processes

Recognition and analysis of the political and economic motivations that underlie time-space
convergence processes offer research challenges that are related to issues of equity,
prosperity, and environmental quality.

Features and facilities offered by air cargo.

There are quite a few items that need to be considered when developing air cargo features &
facilities. Key supporting “infrastructure” for the air cargo industry includes:

Airside Facilities:: Appropriate airside facilities including runway length, taxiway, apron
parking, navigational aids, approaches, and lighting should be in place to accommodate the
aircraft being flown by the air cargo carrier. The facility needs will vary by airport based on
the demands of the aircraft utilized.

Road Access :: Good road access, including highway access, for the rapid and reliable
surface transport of air cargo shipments is a critical part of the supply chain. Rail access is
useful, however, for growing the overall distribution capability of a site, which generally has
some spin-off benefits to air cargo.

24/7 Customs Operation :: Given that many cargo flights operate at night, the ability to clear
customs at any time of day and any day of the week is an important factor.

On-site Customs Brokers :: It is helpful to have customs brokers on-site at airports to

expedite any problems that may arise related to international shipments.

Common-use Cargo Facility :: Although air cargo can be handled on the cargo apron outside
of the aircraft, freight forwarders and carriers prefer to use dedicated cargo facilities.
Forwarders are unlikely to make the financial commitment necessary to build their own on-
airport facilities, so the existence of a common-use facility can make an airport more
attractive to the air cargo community.

Main-deck Loader :: If dedicated freighters are to effectively serve a market, a main-deck

loader needs to be available. These specialized pieces of ground-handling equipment
facilitate the safe and efficient loading and unloading of freighter aircraft.

Widebody Passenger Operation :: The presence of widebody passenger aircraft which can
accommodate large pallets and unit load devices, is a strong supporting element for the
development of cargo services. This widebody capacity provides forwarders and shippers
with greater flexibility and service options. Further, belly capacity tends to be attractive from
a cost perspective as it is marginally priced due to the fact that the passenger services are the
primary source of revenues for these operations.
Extensive Network :: An evaluation of your airport’s facilities with an eye to air cargo needs
may provide some insight about whether your airport is well-positioned to grow air cargo
activities in its current condition.

An evaluation of your airport’s facilities with an eye to air cargo needs may provide some
insight about whether your airport is well-positioned to grow air cargo activities in its
current condition.

Factors Influencing growth of Air Cargo & Price in Air Logistics

6 Factors That Influence Air Cargo growth & Pricing Strategy.

1) Economic Conditions :: Economic conditions directly impact supply and demand -

factors at the heart of all pricing decisions, regardless of industry. That is certainly
true for air cargo. In booming economies, demand for air freight services can
exceed capacity, which leads to higher prices. Alternatively, during economic
downturns or specific low load factor routes, demand drops. Carriers lower prices to
fill up space that would otherwise go unused.

Carriers must also be ready to respond quickly to worsening economic conditions.

Lowering prices is a standard response, but there are alternative strategies, too, such
as combining routes, reducing flights, optimizing routes for fuel efficiency, and
assessing surcharges for partial loads.

2) Regional Factors :: Regional factors affect supply and demand as well as operating
costs. Circumstances like war, civil unrest, labor strikes, epidemics, and terrorism can
both lower demand and make it costlier for carriers to operate in a given region. That
puts pressure on carriers to lower their prices just as it becomes more expensive to
deliver services. However, regional factors can also work in an air cargo carrier’s
favor by shifting business from other sectors, as in the event of a labor strike at a
port. In that case, air carriers might raise their prices to reflect the increased demand.

3) Operating Expenses :: Operating expenditure can vary widely and change rapidly.
The price of fuel is a prime example. Fuel prices are currently low and expected to
remain low for a while, thereby reducing one of the biggest operating costs (although
many hedge buyers have yet to see the benefits). However, consumers are well
aware of decreased fuel prices and expect to see that reflected in shipping rates.
Fuel is just one factor. There are many others to consider, including tariffs, landing
fees, parking fees, security measures, etc. In addition, environmental issues costs are
a growing concern on a number of levels.
Fees: Some airports impose environmental surcharges. London’s Heathrow, for
example, recently proposed increasing environmental charges to address noise
pollution. Such charges can significantly affect regional differences in profitability.
Regulations: Environmental regulations also have an impact on operating expenses
and profitability. Some airports have restrictions aspects like flight patterns and time
 restrictions. Complying with those restrictions can impact a carrier’s bottom line and
affect everything from fuel usage to training.
Research: Environmental pressures demand that airlines continually search for ways
to lessen their environmental impact. That research must somehow be funded.

4) Time and Temperature-Sensitive Cargo :: Sea freight has long been the only option
for shipping products that require a temperature-controlled environment, while air
cargo has been the method of choice for shippers with short lead times. However, the
increasing availability of temperature-controlled ULDs is changing that dynamic,
opening up a new customer segment for air freight carriers: customers whose
products are both time-sensitive and temperature-sensitive. An example would be
sending life-saving medications to an area struck by a natural disaster: They must be
shipped at a controlled temperature, but the need is too urgent to send them by sea
freight. Carriers can charge higher prices for these shipments, and even offer
temperature-controlled ULDs as a service upgrade. This has allowed air freight to
become a profitable niche product offering for airlines.

On the other hand, lengthy shipping times for delays in the air cargo services close
the gap between air freight and sea freight. The average delivery time of six days
may not offer some customers enough of a benefit to justify the cost. It’s clear that
speed is a big competitive advantage for the air cargo industry, which is the reason
behind the push to cut 48 hours from the average delivery time by 2020. A big part of
that initiative is e-AWB, or electronic air waybill, which will eventually eliminate the
paper documentation that slows the process down. A robust air cargo management
solution can make electronic documentation available to everyone who needs it
instantaneously. And the faster air carriers can complete shipment, the bigger the
differentiation between them and sea freight providers.

5) Premium and Value Add Services :: One of the primary competitive advantages of
air freight over sea freight is the ability to offer premium services at a higher price.
Unlike sea freight, where all shipments are treated the same, air freight carriers can
set tiered pricing based on things services like packing, door-2-door service, express
delivery, shipment tracking, and shipments that require special handling, like food
with a short shelf life, hazardous materials, or human remains. Also, while cargo-
only carriers have the advantage of exactly knowing what their capacity is, combined
carriers don’t. The freight capacity for passenger flights that carry belly cargo
fluctuates depending on the number of passengers and how much luggage they
have. Therefore, combined carriers can offer shipment prioritization as a premium
service. Customers can pay more to ensure that their shipments jump to the front of
the line in the event of a shortfall in capacity.

6) Weight and Volume :: Weight and volume of shipments determine the potential pay-
off for any given flight. Traditionally, weight has been the determining factor when
quoting a price. However, volume must be considered as well. A shipment that is
light in weight but large in volume takes up space that could be used for other
shipments, thereby reducing revenue for the flight. The most effective pricing
 strategy is one that encompasses both measurements and relies on the one that will
generate the most revenue.

However, airlines must ask themselves if the old formula for calculating rates based on
weight and volume are still effective. Irregularly shaped items, for instance, can take up
more space than their actual volume would indicate. While they may not actually occupy all
of the space, it can no longer be used for other cargo and therefore loses any value. That loss
of revenue must be recouped somehow.

Air suitability for different cargo.

As we have mentioned, air transport is not suitable for all types of merchandise. Generally
the goods that are usually transferred through this means of transport are the following:

• Urgent goods
• High volume goods
• Intercontinental urgent mail
• Spare parts and spare parts for land vehicles
• Spare parts for the aerospace industry
• Perishable food
• Materials for fairs and events
• Plants
• Drugs, vaccines and pharmaceutical products
• Live animals
• Luxury products
• Artworks
• Machinery and accessories for medical use

Innovative schemes facilities to popularize air cargo logistics in India

National Air Cargo Policy, 2019

The much-awaited National Air Cargo Policy, unveiled by the centre in January 2019, seeks
to enable India to become one of the top five airfreight markets by 2025, besides creating air
transport shipment hubs at all major airports over the next six years. To increase process
transparency while decreasing shipment delays, costs and dwell time, a fully automated
paperless trade environment with minimum face-to-face interactions will be implemented.
Further, the policy will encourage code-sharing/interline agreements between foreign and
Indian carriers.

Recent initiatives & Innovative schemes

a) Recently, Teleport, the digital cargo and logistics platform of AirAsia, and Zeal
Global Services Pte Limited announced a new partnership to establish a local
subsidiary in India. The partnership will help facilitate and strengthen market
accessibility for retail, e-commerce and international freight companies looking to
connect India to other countries. this will also help support the cargo growth of
AirAsia India as the airline pursues international expansion later this year.To boost
air cargo traffic, the government has introduced dedicated airfreight corridors.
b) In March 2019, India and Afghanistan opened an airfreight corridor connecting
Herat to New Delhi to promote bilateral trade. On the first flight, 200 kg of saffron
and 1,600 kg of pistachio was dispatched to New Delhi from Herat. Earlier, on
February 24, 2019, Afghanistan started a new export route to India through Iran’s
Chabahar port that marked the first end-to-end use of the trade route for Afghan
exports. The Zaranj-Chabahar route allows Afghan goods to reach India without
crossing Pakistani territory.
c) In June 2019, The International Air Cargo Association launched a cargo service
quality (CSQ) tool. CSQ is a fully automated, technology-driven tool designed for an
independent assessment of service quality delivery at each step of the air cargo
supply chain across 51 parameters ranging from the process to handling and storage.
The launch comes after the successful completion of the CSQ pilot scheme last year.
The pilot scheme involved 179 freight forwarders and 18 cargo terminal operators
around the world, including Delhi and Chennai airports.

d) In April 2019, IndiGo Airlines launched the SmartKargo cloud solution for the digital
transformation of its cargo business. The end-to-end platform provides robust mobile
applications and advanced technologies such as real-time information, business
intelligence and machine learning capabilities. Further, it seamlessly interfaces with
the airline’s other systems via the application programming interface for fast
deployment and integration. This comprehensive solution has been deployed across
all functional areas (operating and accounting) of IndiGo’s cargo business across all
global locations.

e) In the same month, the newly built international air cargo complex of the Lokpriya
Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, Guwahati, was operationalised. The cargo
complex has an annual capacity of catering to over 8,000 million tonnes (mt) of cargo.

f) In January 2019, the Punjab government signed an MoU with AAI Cargo Logistics
and Allied Services (AAICLAS) for operations and maintenance of the cargo terminal
at Amritsar airport. According to the MoU, the Airports Authority of India will
operate and manage the perishable cargo facility at the airport. The facility has been
operational since 2013. The MoU was signed to boost agricultural exports from
Punjab and its neighbouring states with cargo flights expected to begin in the near
future.

g) SpiceXpress, the air cargo arm of SpiceJet, announced the launch of its dedicated
freighter services between Guwahati and Hong Kong in February 2019 and between
Mumbai and Sharjah in August 2019. Initially, SpiceXpress will operate a weekly
flight between Guwahati and Hong Kong. The freighter will carry palletised cargo,
dangerous goods, odd-size cargo, aerosols, power banks and batteries, speakers and
consignments with magnetic content and liquids. Meanwhile, SpiceXpress has also
launched a new narrow-body domestic freighter service between Chennai,
Hyderabad, Delhi, Mumbai and Bengaluru. The aircraft, operating six days a week,
has the capacity to carry approximately 20 mt of cargo.
 h) Delhi airport will be the first to have a dedicated cargo road for uninterrupted
movement of cargo vehicles to Delhi airport’s cargo complex via National Highway-
8. The dedicated cargo road will also give vehicles direct access to the cargo
terminals and air cargo logistics centre, including the upcoming cargo city.

i) National carrier Air India has adopted the Unisys Digistics integrated logistics
software suite to create a connected and automated cargo ecosystem for consistent
and accurate data across the organisation. While Air India has been using Unisys
technology for approximately 30 years, the new system will leverage advanced
analytics for booking and accounting to help improve cash flow for the airline while
creating greater transparency related to shipment status for the airline’s cargo clients.

j) In September 2018, Air India SATS Airport Services Private Limited (AISATS)
launched a new shipment tracking platform that uses radio frequency identification
technology for its cargo handling operations at the Kempegowda International
Airport, Bengaluru. AISATS is the first air cargo terminal operator to deploy this
technology for improved real-time cargo tracking.

Share of Air cargo movement in India and worldwide

The total freight tonnage handled at the Indian airports was 3.33 million metric tons in the
financial year 2020. It was a decrease from the previous year due to the impact of
coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic In financial year 2019, the air freight traffic saw the
highest volume handled over the last six financial years. There was a surge until the
previous year in both the domestic and international freight traffic.

Air cargo industry worldwide - statistics & facts

Although many people only associate aviation with passenger transportation, the global air
cargo industry increasingly became a powerhouse for global economic relations especially in
the age of rising e-commerce.

Even though the market size of the cargo airline fluctuated around 110 billion U.S. dollars
during the last four years. Between 2004 and 2020, worldwide revenue generated in the
cargo aviation industry grew by 80 percent, reaching over 117 billion U.S. dollars in 2020.

However, global airfreight traffic only increased by roughly 50 percent during the same
period. This discrepancy in growth indicates a change in either pricing structure or demand
for the more profitable type of air cargo services, such as express carriers.

For instance, express carriers made up the largest share of global air cargo revenue in 2019,
with over 44 billion U.S. dollars.
Leading airports in India in financial year 2020, by volume of freight(in 1,000 metric tons)

Air freight handled at Indian airports from financial year 2014 to 2020 – Freight in Million
metric tons ::
Outlook of the air cargo industry in the aftermath of COVID-19.

• The growth of global trade and economic relations triggered indirectly a positive
expansion of the air cargo industry until 2020.

• However, the persistence and magnitude of the coronavirus shock make countries
and industries rethink industrial policy designs.

• To shift towards localized industrial production is one of the tendencies , especially

in the aftermath of COVID-19.

• Most importantly, the coronavirus outbreak hits the international air freight
forwarding market through a persistent health shock that drags the global economy
into a deep recession.

• This is because industrial production remained at a historically low-level globally

throughout 2020.

• In a severe impact scenario, the global air freight forwarding market is expected to
contract by 7.7 percent in 2020 compared with 2019. Moreover, the restrictions on
passenger aviation impacted the share of freighter capacity in the air cargo segment.

• As of August 2020, approximately 78 percent of the air cargo capacity was supplied
by a freighter (a cargo aircraft), which is a sharp change from the balance of 50-50
between belly freight and freighter air cargo prior to the coronavirus pandemic.

Conventions covering the movement of dangerous goods by air.

Lets understand the class or types of dangerous Goods

a) Class 1 = includes explosives of all kinds, such as sporting ammunition, fireworks

and signal flares.
b) Class 2 = comprises compressed or liquefied gases which may also be toxic or
flammable; examples are cylinders of oxygen and refrigerated liquid nitrogen.
c) Class 3 = substances are flammable liquids including gasoline, lacquers, paint
thinners, etc.
d) Class 4 = covers flammable solids, spontaneously combustible materials and
materials which, when in contact with water, exit flammable gases (examples are
some powdered metals, cellulose type film and charcoal).
e) Class 5 = covers oxidizing material, including bromates, chlorates or nitrates; this
class also covers organic peroxides which are both oxygen carriers and very
combustible.
f) Class 6 = Poisonous or toxic substances, such as pesticides, mercury compounds, etc.,
g) Class 7 = Radioactive materials, these are mainly radioactive isotopes needed for
medical or research purposes but are sometimes contained in manufactured articles
such as heart pacemakers or smoke detectors.
h) Class 8 = Corrosive substances which may be dangerous to human tissue or which
pose a hazard to the structure of an aircraft are dealt with. (for example, caustic soda,
battery fluid, paint remover).
i) Class 9 = is a miscellaneous category for other materials which are potentially
hazardous in air transport, such as magnetized materials which could affect the
aircraft’s navigational systems.

Conventions::
a) The IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) General Conference in 2003
convened on 19 September 2003. The Conference requested IAEA to develop an
Action Plan for the Safety of Transport of Radioactive Material, approved by the
Board of Governors in March 2004.

b) The May 2006 meeting of IAEA was followed by a second meeting in Vienna from 14
to 16 November 2006. The meeting recorded IAEA’s concern about the denial and
delay involved in the carriage of radioactive material.

c) The ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) Dangerous Goods Panel, at its
meeting of the Working Group of the Whole convened at Abu Dhabi from 4 to 8
October 2004 = recognized that the IAEA believed that the problem of denial of
radioactive medicines on board aircraft was linked to public perception and training
rather than to a lack of safety.

d) A Special Sub Committee of the Legal Committee of ICAO met in Montreal from 3 to
6 July 2007 to discuss the preparation of one or more instruments addressing new
and emerging threats. One of the issues addressed at this meeting was the unlawful
transport of biological, chemical, nuclear weapons and other dangerous substances
on board aircraft.

e) Meeting held at ICAO Headquarters from 3 to 6 July 2007. At this meeting, Australia
submitted a proposal to prohibit the intentional and unlawful transport by air of
particularly dangerous goods and fugitives. It was also the view of Australia that
there were gaps in the international legal framework with regard to the unlawful
transport of biological, chemical and legal weapons and other dangerous material on
board civil aircraft and that the international aviation community had a
responsibility to address these lacunae and shortcomings, particularly when an
opportunity such as the one presented through the ICAO meeting arose.

f) Annex 17 to the Chicago Convention also contains some general provisions that may
apply to the illegal carriage by air of infectious pathogens.
 Expected questions on unit –3

Section 1 Marks: 1 each

1) Where one flight contains many shipments, is called__________
a) Consolidated Freight b) Back-to-Back freight
c) Direct Freight d) Charter Freight

2) The want satisfying power of a commodity is called utility__________

a) Credibility b) Utility
c) Punctuality d) Maturity

3) Utility is also added by changing the possession of a commodity is Called________

a) Time Utility b) Knowledge Utility
c) Possession Utility d) Service Utility

4) Circumstances like war, civil unrest, labor strikes, epidemics, and terrorism can both
lower demand and make it costlier for carriers to operate in a given region, is comes
under____________
a) Economic Conditions
b) Operational Expenses
b) Premium and Value Add Services
c) Regional Factors

5) Which of the following seeks to enable India to become one of the top five airfreight
markets by 2025?
a) National Air Cargo Policy, 2019
b) The IAEA Conference in 2003
c) International Air Cargo Policy, 2019
d) None of above

6) Third leading airports in India in financial year 2020, by volume of freight

a) Chennai International Airport
b) Kempe Gowda International Airport
c) Cochin International Airport
d) Netaji Subhas Chandra International Airport

7) When was SpiceXpress, the air cargo arm of SpiceJet, announced the launch of its
dedicated freighter services between Guwahati and Hong Kong
a) In January 2019 b) In April 2019
c) In March 2009 d) In February 2019

8) In Which of the following conventions of Dangerous Goods meeting, Australia submitted

a proposal to prohibit the intentional and unlawful transport by air of particularly
dangerous goods and fugitives.
a) Meeting held at ICAO Headquarters from 3 to 6 July 2007
b) The May 2006 meeting of IAEA
c) The IAEA Conference in 2003
d) None of above
 Section 2 Marks :: 05 each question

1) What are the general steps to receive shipment of your goods via air freight?
2) What is Significance of air transportation in logistics, Name five Significance of air
transportation in logistics?
3) What is the meaning of Utility & what are the types of Utility?

Section 3 Marks :: 10 each question

1) What are the features and facilities offered by air cargo & explain them? OR Key
supporting “infrastructure” for the air cargo industry & explain them?
2) Explain the factors Influencing growth of Air Cargo & Price in Air Logistics.
3) Write Types of Dangerous Goods?

Section 4 Marks :: 15 each question

1) Write about National Air Cargo Policy & Innovative schemes facilities to popularize air
cargo logistics in India?
2) Write about the Conventions covering the movement of dangerous goods by air.