6

Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 7:
Solves Routine and Non-Routine
Problems Involving Theoretical
and Experimental Probability
Mathematics – Grade 6
Quarter 4 – Module 7: Solving Routine and Non-routine Problems Involving
Theoretical and Experimental Probability
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has
been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Davao City

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Paulo N. Bual
Editors: -
Reviewers: Jimmy E. Cedeño
Illustrator: Christine Joy M. Caro
Layout Artist: Wedzmer B. Munjilul
Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz
Management Team: Reynaldo M. Guillena
Jinky B. Firman
Marilyn V. Deduyo
Alma C. Cifra
Aris B. Juanillo
May Ann M. Jumuad
Antonio A. Apat

Printed in the Philippines by Davao City Division Learning Resources Management

Development System (LRMDS)

Department of Education – Region XI

Office Address: DepEd Davao City Division, E. Quirino Ave.

Davao City, Davao del Sur, Philippines
Telefax: (082) 224 0100
E-mail Address: info@deped-davaocity.ph
 6

Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 7:
Solves Routine and Non-Routine
Problems Involving Theoretical
and Experimental Probability
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities
in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of
the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience
meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant
competencies. You can do it!

ii
 Let Us Learn

Hello Dear Learner!

Have an amazing day ahead! This activity sheet will guide you
on how to solve the probability of a certain event. But, before you
proceed to the activity I would like to share a trivia about the
chances/probabilities. Did you know that?

“The chance of being hit by a lightning is 1 in 10 million while

the chance of winning the lottery is 1 in 14 million.”

For this module, you will enjoy solving routine and non-
routine problems involving theoretical and experimental
probabilities! Get your paper and pens ready for a fun-filled game
of chances!

1
 Let Us Try

Hannah will pick a number inside the box without looking. Predict
the outcomes based on the illustration below.

Legend:
G – Green R – Red
Y - Yellow B - Blue

1. What color most likely to pick? Why? ________________.

2. What color least to pick? Why? ______________________.

Let Us Study

There are 2 ways in solving the Probability:

1. Theoretical Probability – it is what is expected to happen
based on the possible outcomes, assuming equally likely events.
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
Formula: P (event) = 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

Read and study the problem and solution.

Sample No. 1: Hannah will roll the die. What is the theoretical
probability in getting the number 2 and 4 in a rolling die?

Follow the basic steps in solving a word problem:

What is asked?
The theoretical probability of getting the numbers 2 and 4, when
die is rolled once.

2
What are given? The number 2 and 4 in a rolling die
The 6 possible outcomes in a die
What operations and formula to be used?
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
Division and Formula : P (event) = 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

Solution:

It is the number of favourable outcomes. It has 2 favourable

outcomes in a die which are the number 2 and 4.
!
P (2 and 4 ) =
" It is the number of possible outcomes. It has 6 possible outcomes
because the die has six faces which are the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
Answer:
𝟏
P (2 and 4) = 0.33 or 33.3% or
𝟑

Therefore, the probability of getting the number 2 and 4 in a

𝟏
rolling die is 0.33 or 33.3% or 𝟑
4 𝟏
NOTE: You can simplify your answer in a simplest form or .
5 𝟐
𝟏
You can express in a fraction form ( 𝟐) , decimal (0.33) and
percent (33.33%).

Sample No. 2: Janneth will roll the die. What is the theoretical
probability in getting the number 1, 3, and 5 in a rolling die?

What is asked?
The theoretical probability of getting the number 1, 3, and 5 in a
rolling die.
What are given? The number 1, 3, and 5 in a rolling die
The 6 possible outcomes in a die
What operations and formula to be used?
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
Division and Formula : P (event) =
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

3
Solution:
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
P (event) =
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

It is the number of favourable outcomes. It has 3 favourable

outcomes in a die which are the number 1, 3, and 5.
#
P (1, 3 and 5 ) =
" It is the number of possible outcomes. It has 6 possible outcomes
because the die has six faces which are the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

𝟏
Answer P (1, 3 and 5) = 0.5 or 50% or 𝟐

Therefore, the probability of getting the number 1, 3, and 5 in

𝟏
a rolling die is 0.5 or 50% or 𝟐

4 𝟏
NOTE: You can simplify your answer in a simplest form 5 or 𝟐.
𝟏
You can express in a fraction form ( ) , decimal (0.5) and
𝟐
percent (50%).

2. Experimental Probability – is found by repeating an

experiment and observing the outcomes.

𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒔

Formula: P (event) =
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

Sample No. 3: John tossed the coin 12 times. Suppose the coin
landed on head 8 times and the coin landed on tail 4 times. What is
the experimental probability of getting a head in a tossed coin?
What is asked?
The experimental probability of getting a head in a tossed coin.

4
What are given? John tossed the coin 12 times
The coin landed on head 8 times
The coin landed on tail 4 times
What operations and formula to be used?
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒔
Division and Formula : P (event) =
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

Solution:

It is the number of times event occurs. It is 8 because the head of

a coin landed eight times.
$
P (head) =
%! It is the total number of trials in experiment. It is 12 because the
tail 4 times landed and head 8 times landed a total of 12.

!
Answer = or 0.66 or 66.6%
#

Therefore, the experimental probability of getting a head in tossing

𝟐
a coin is or 0.66 or 66.6%
𝟑

𝟐
NOTE: You can express the probability by fraction form ( ),
𝟑
decimal (0.66), or percent (66.6%) and simplify your answer
in a simplest form.

Sample No. 4: Jennifer has a box that contains 6 yellow sticks, 4

green sticks and 5 blue sticks. Supposed Jennifer picked 20 times
and shed picked the blue sticks 9 times. What is the experimental
probability of picking the blue sticks?

What is asked? The experimental probability of picking the blue

sticks.
What are given? 6 yellow sticks, 4 green sticks and 5 blue sticks
20 times Jennifer picked in the box
9 times Jennifer picked the blue sticks
5
What operations and formula to be used?
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒔
Division and Formula : P (event) =
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

Solution:
:;<=>? @A BC<>D >E>FB @GG;?D
P (event) =
H@BIJ F;<=>? @A B?CIJD CF >KL>?C<>FB

It is the number of times event occurs. It is 9 because the blue

sticks picked 9 times.
&
P (blue sticks) =
!' It is the total number of trials in experiment. It is 20 because
Jennifer picked a sticks in the box 20 times.

&
Answer = or 0.45 or 45%
!'

Therefore, the experimental probability of getting a head in

𝟗
tossing a coin is 𝟐𝟎
or 0.45 or 45%

𝟗
NOTE: You can express the probability by fraction form ( 𝟐𝟎 ),
decimal (0.45), or percent (45%) and simplify your answer in a
simplest form.

6
 Let Us Practice

Read and answer the following problems below.

1. A box contains 4 blue marbles, 7 red marbles and 5 green

marbles. Find the theoretical probability of getting a red
marbles.
What is asked?
What are given?
What operation/formula to be used?
Solution:

Find the experimental probability of the given problem below.

Show your solution.
2. Roll a die 15 times. Suppose the number 4 occurs (8 times). Find
the experimental probability of getting a number 4 in rolling a die.

What is asked?
What are given?
What operation/formula to be used?
Solution:

3. A bag has 10 red notebooks, 8 blue notebooks, 6 green

notebooks, and 7 yellow notebooks. Supposed you picked 20 times
and you picked the red notebooks 11 times. Find the experimental
probability of picking the red notebooks?

What is asked?
What are given?
What operation/formula to be used?
Solution:
7
 Let Us Practice More

If you are here on this part already, it means that you are ready
for solving probability problems on your own. Godspeed your
Mathematical skills!
Let’s start with a warm-up!
Instruction: Encircle the correct probability of each item below.
1. What is the theoretical probability of landing on a color blue in
the spinner?

A. 50%
B. 25%
C. 75%
D. 60%

2. What is the theoretical probability of

getting a number 3 in the spinner?
! # ) %
A. B. C. D.
( ) ( (

8
3. A coin purse contains 4 peso coins, 3 five peso coins, and 2 ten
peso coins. What is the probability of picking a ten peso coin?

! # % )
A. B. C. D.
& " & "

Instruction: Find the probability of each item. Write your answer

on the space provided. Show your solution.
4. A coin is tossed 15 times. The coin landed on head 7 times and
tail landed 8 times. Find the probability of
getting the tail in tossing a coin.
What is asked?
What are given?
What operation/formula to be used?
Solution:

5. A jar contains 3 blue sticks, 4 yellow sticks, 5 red sticks and 3

green sticks. Suppose you picked a stick 20 times then you picked
the blue sticks 5 times, yellow sticks 6 times, red sticks 4 times
and green sticks 5 times. Find the experimental probability of
getting red sticks.
What is asked?
What are given?
What operation/formula to be used?
Solution:

9
Now let’s go to the next level!
Find the probability of each event in the spinner at the right. Write
your answer on the space provided. You can write your answer in
a fraction form, decimal, or percent.

1. A number 4 =____________

2. An odd number =____________

3. A number 2 and 3 =____________

4. An even number =____________

5. A number less than 5 =____________

Let Us Remember

KEYS TO REMEMBER:

Ø Probability is used to describe how likely and unlikely it is

that something will happen. The probability of an event is a
number from 0 to 1 that measures the chance that an event
will occur.

Ø The probability may be given in fraction, decimal or

percent.

10
 Ø Theoretical Probability – it is what is expected to happen
based on the possible outcomes, assuming equally likely
events.
!"#$%& () )*+("&*$,% ("-.(#%/
Formula: P (event) =
!"#$%& () 0(//1$,% ("-.(#%/

Ø Experimental Probability – is found by repeating an

experiment and observing the outcomes.

!"#$%& () -1#%/ %+%2- (.."&/

Formula: P (event) =
3(-*, 2"#$%& () -&1*,/ 12 %40%&1#%2-

Let Us Assess

Instruction: Answer the questions below. Write your answers in a

short and concise manner.

1. Probabilities in real life experiences

Give at least 3 real life examples of probability that you have
experienced or may be experiencing.

a. __________________________________________________

b. __________________________________________________

c. __________________________________________________

2. Cultivating values from probabilities

Chances or probabilities are always present in our lives. The
chance of passing this subject is very important for you to pass
this grade level. What are the things you should do to increase
your probability of passing this subject?
11
 ___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________.

EVALUATION
Instruction: Study the table below that shows the result of the
card experiment. Answer the following questions.

RESULT OF THE CARD EXPERIMENT

ORANGE 13
PINK 12
YELLOW 15
TOTAL 40

1. How many trials of picking a card were made? __________

2. How many times was pink card picked? ________
3. What is the experimental probability of picking yellow card?
_________.
4. What is the experimental probability of picking pink card?
__________________________________________________.
5. What is the experimental probability of picking orange and pink
card?
__________________________________________________.

12
 Let Us Enhance

Instruction: In a standard deck of cards there are 52 cards. Find

the probability of each problem below.
1. What is the probability of getting the five and six of clubs from
the standard deck? __________________.

2. What is the probability of getting the Aces cards in the

standard deck? ______________________.

3. What is the probability of getting Jacks, Queens and Kings

card in the standard deck? _______________________

Let Us Reflect

The world around us is full of chances and probabilities that

we are uncertain of, such as the fact given by the trivia above.
Probability is used to describe how likely and unlikely it is that
something will happen. Probability can be used in weather
updates. For example, when we are watching news in the television
where the news anchor gives weather forecast on the following day
that will have 80% chances of rain. Hence, we could be able
prepare ourselves to bring an umbrella or raincoat.

13
 14
Let Us Assess Let Us Enhance
&
1. 40 trials 1.
%&
2. 12 times )
2.
%&
(
3. or 0.375
)
or 37.5% "&
(
3.
%&
4. "'
or 0.3
or 30%
%
5. or
$
0.625or
62.5%
6.
Now let’s go to the next level! Let Us Practice Let Us Let Us Try
More Practice
" " !
1. #
or 0.16 4. & or 1. or 0.43 1. Green
"#
or 16.66% 1.0.5 B.
or or 43.75%
2.50%D 2. Yellow
3. A $
" &
4. 0.53 or 2. "% or 0.53
2. &
or 0.5 or 50% 5. or
(
53.33% or 53.33%
0.66 𝟏 or
" 5. 𝟐 Or 0.2 or
66.66%
3. or 0.33 or 33.33%
( 20% ""
3. or 0.55
&'
"
4. &
or 0.5 or 50% or 55%
&
5. (
or 0.66 or 66.66%
Answer Key
 References

21st Century Mathletes Textbook – pp. 344-350

www.onlinemathlearning.com

15
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Davao City Division

Elpidio Quirino Ave., Poblacion District, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur

Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672

E-mail Address: davao.city@deped.gov.ph