A REPORT ON

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN

OF
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Contents
List of Figures ............................................................................................... iii
List of Tables ................................................................................................ iii
1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 5
An Overview of Earthquake-Resistant Design ................................................................ 5
Earthquake Resistant Design Philosophy ........................................................................ 6
2 Description of the Building.................................................................... 8
Building Description ........................................................................................................ 8
Location of Building ...................................................................................................... 10
3 Numerical modeling ............................................................................. 11
4 Structural analysis ............................................................................... 15
Load cases considered.................................................................................................... 15
Load combination .......................................................................................................... 15
Mass Source ................................................................................................................... 15
Dead loads ...................................................................................................................... 15
Live load ........................................................................................................................ 16
Seismic Load .................................................................................................................. 16
4.1.1 Seismic Weight and Base Shear .................................................................. 19
4.1.2 Storey Drift and displacement Calculations ................................................ 20
Modal analysis and modal mass participation ............................................................... 21
4.1.3 Analysis of Internal Forces Developed in Frames ....................................... 21
5 Design .................................................................................................... 24
Design Summary............................................................................................................ 25
5.1.1 Column design summary ............................................................................. 25
5.1.2 Beam Design Summary ............................................................................... 26
5.1.3 Slab Design Summary.................................................................................. 27
5.1.4 Staircase Design Summary .......................................................................... 27
5.1.5 Foundation Design Summary ...................................................................... 28
6 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................... 29
7 RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................... 29
ANNEXES.................................................................................................... 30
ANNEX -I: REFERENCES........................................................................................... 30
ANNEX-II: SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS .................................................... 31

ii
List of Figures
Figure 2-1 : Floor Plan of Building...................................................................................... 8
Figure 2-2 : Seismic Hazard of Himalayas ........................................................................ 10
Figure 3-1 : 3D model created in ETABS ......................................................................... 11
Figure 3-2 : Ground Floor modeled in ETABS ................................................................. 12
Figure 3-3 : 1st floor plan modeled in ETABS ................................................................... 12
Figure 3-4 :2nd floor plan modeled in ETABS ................................................................. 13
Figure 3-5 : Floor modeled in ETABS ............................................................................. 13
Figure 3-6 : Elevation on grid A ........................................................................................ 14
Figure 3-7 : Elevation on grid B ........................................................................................ 14
Figure 4-1 : Seismic forces at different levels for Seismic_ULS ...................................... 19
Figure 4-2 : Sample Bending Moment Diagram for frames due to (DL+LL) ............ 22
Figure 4-3 : Sample Shear force Diagram for frames due to (DL+LL) ............................. 22
Figure 4-4 : Sample Axial force Diagram for frames due to (DL+LL) ............................. 23
Figure 5-1 : Rebar of column in Grid A Figure 5-2 : Rebar of column in Grid B.... 25
Figure 5-3 : Rebar of column in Grid C ............................................................................. 25
Figure 5-4 : Rebar in ground floor ..................................................................................... 26
Figure 5-5 : Rebar of beam in first floor ............................................................................ 26
Figure 5-6 : Rebar in second floor ..................................................................................... 27
Figure 5-7 : Base reaction for footing design .................................................................... 28

List of Tables
Table 2-1 : Building Description ......................................................................................... 9
Table 4-1 : Mass source ..................................................................................................... 15
Table 4-2 : Dead loads unit weight .................................................................................... 15
Table 4-3 : Dead load applied ............................................................................................ 16
Table 4-4 : Live load applied ............................................................................................. 16
Table 4-5 : Analysis and design parameters ...................................................................... 19
Table 4-6: Story forces & Seismic Weight of Each Floor ................................................. 20

iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report focuses on structural design of residential building. It summarizes design

assumption, methodology and follows up of codes and standards for the building with
proper consideration of the earthquake resistant design criteria following latest Nepal
National Building Code and Indian Standard Code.

The primary objective of the project is to analyze and design the structural elements of the
buildings based on NBC and Indian standards. The seismic coefficient method is adopted
to analyze the earthquake response of the building.

Finite element analysis showed that the anticipated performance of the buildings subjected
to the design earthquake meets NBC code seismic hazard level requirement for building.
The building response for drift, displacement is also calculated.

The following conclusions can be drawn from this report:

The structure is designed to complying the guidelines and the Indian standards.

Story drifts are within the acceptable limits under DBE level earthquakes.

** The structural design is carried on the architectural drawing provided. This report solely emphases and
confines itself to technical aspects of the structure and does not comment on other aspects of the structure.

iv
 1 Introduction

An Overview of Earthquake-Resistant Design

Nepal lies in an earthquake prone zone. It is located in the boundary between Indian plate
and Tibetan plate. Thus, Nepal experiences earthquakes frequently. Earthquakes are the
most sudden, dramatic and devastating natural calamities. Although they last only for few
seconds to minutes, they are the most devastating ones. Past records of the earthquake show
that eighteen major earthquakes have hit Nepal till now. So, special consideration of
earthquake forces while designing a building is mandatory in Nepal.

Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the
building earthquake-proof. Although earthquake proof structures may be viable in terms of
engineering but they are not financially viable. However, it is possible to design and build
earthquake-resilient (more precisely seismic resilient) structures. According to this
philosophy, no matter how much severe earthquake occurs, the building won’t collapse
although it may be irreparably damaged. In, this background, it is ensured that this building
has been designed to withstand all the acting loads including the earthquake forces making
it seismic resistant.

The structural design alone is not enough to ensure the safety of a building, equally
important, is its construction. The role of a contractor is of paramount importance as he is
the one to execute the construction work at site. He is required to execute the work
according to drawings supplied by the consultant to him and detailing has to be carefully
followed. A large percentage of failure of the building is attributed to poor quality of
construction. Past experiences from damages have shown that quality of material and
workmanship play an important role in good seismic behavior of the buildings. Hence,
quality assurance of construction works is the key to good seismic performance of a
building.

Severity of ground shaking at a given location during an earthquake can be minor,

moderate and strong. Relatively, minor shakings occur frequently, moderate shakings
occasionally and strong shakings rarely. For instance, on average annually about 800
earthquakes of magnitude 5.0-5.9 on Richter scale occur in the world while the number is
only about 19 for magnitude of range 7.0-7.9 on Richter scale. So, should we design and
construct a building to resist that rare earthquake shaking that may come only once in 500

5
years or even once in 2000 years at the chosen project site, even though the life of the
building itself may be only 50 or 100 years? Since it costs money to provide additional
earthquake safety in buildings, a conflict arises: Should we do away with the design of
buildings for earthquake effects? Or should we design the buildings to be “earthquake
proof” wherein there is no damage during the strong but rare earthquake shaking? Clearly,
the former approach can lead to a major disaster, and the second approach is too expensive.
Hence, the design philosophy should lie somewhere in between these two extremes.

The engineers do not attempt to make earthquake proof buildings that will not get damaged
even during the rare but strong earthquakes; such buildings will be too robust and also too
expensive. Instead, the engineering intention is to make buildings earthquake resistant and
affordable; such buildings resist the effects of ground shaking, although they may get
damaged severely but would not collapse during the strong earthquake. Thus, safety of
people and contents is assured in earthquake-resistant buildings, and thereby a disaster is
avoided. This is a major objective of seismic design codes throughout the world.

Earthquake Resistant Design Philosophy

The earthquake design philosophy may be summarized as follows:

a) Under minor shakings which occur frequently, the main members of the buildings that
carry vertical and lateral forces should not be damaged; however non-structural parts may
sustain repairable damages. It is assured that the building will be fully operational within a
short time and the repair costs will be small

b) Under moderate shakings which are occasional, the structural elements may sustain
repairable damage, while the non-structural elements may be heavily damaged; the building
will be operational followed by repair and re-strengthening of the damaged structural
elements and replacing of damaged non-structural elements.

c) Under strong shakings which are rare, the main members may sustain severe damage,
but the building should not collapse; the building may become dis -functional for further

use, but will stand so that people can be evacuated and property recovered.

The degree to which the building is to be assured against the possibility of damage must be
considered while designing the building. Important buildings like hospitals, health posts,
fire stations, post offices communication towers, electric power houses which play a critical

6
role in post-earthquake activities must remain functional immediately after the earthquake
and hence require higher degree of assurance against possible damage. Public buildings,
educational buildings, busy commercial complex etc. where the risk of human loss is high
and some critical structures like nuclear power plants, dams, etc. whose collapse may cause
secondary disasters are also designed to assure higher level of safety against earthquakes.
Other buildings like residential buildings, offices, mercantile buildings etc. are designed
for lower level of safety, while the design philosophy mentioned above is always
maintained. However, the level of safety to be assured in the design may also depend upon
the demand of the client.

Design of buildings to resist earthquakes involves controlling the damage to acceptable

levels at a reasonable cost. Contrary to the common thinking that any crack in the building
after an earthquake means the building is unsafe for habitation, some damage in non-
structural elements may be unavoidable. Different types of damages (mainly visualized
through cracks; especially so in concrete and masonry buildings) may occur in buildings
during earthquakes. Some of these cracks are acceptable (in terms of both their size and
location), while others are not. In general, qualified technical professionals may only be
knowledgeable of the causes and severity of damage in earthquake-resistant buildings.

7
 2 Description of the Building

Building Description
The building to be analyzed and designed here is four and half story residential building.
The ground floor plan of the building is presented below in Figure 2-1. The building
description is presented in Table 2-1: Building Description.

Figure 2-1 : Floor Plan of Building

8
Table 2-1 : Building Description
General features
Building Type Residential Building
Architectural features
Number of storey G + 2 (excluding Stair Cover)
Floor to Floor Height 37’4”
Total Height of the Building: 11.3792m
Building Lateral Dimensions (Maximum ) Max distance along X: 29’
Max distance along Y: 30’9”
Wall and Partition 9” and 5” Brick Masonry in Concrete
Mortar in outside and inside respectively
Structural features
Structural System RCC Frame Structure
Foundation Type RCC Isolated/Strap Footings
Loads Resisting Elements
Columns 355mm x 355mm
Beams Main beam: 230mm X355mm

Slab 125 mm
Geotechnical Features
Soil Test Not Available
Soil Type (assumed) Type D (Soft Soil) as per NBC 105:2020
Seismic Zone considered: As per NBC 105:2020
Allowable bearing capacity Assumed 80 KN/m2
Material
Grade of concrete: M20 for column, beam, slab and footings.
Reinforcement Grade of steel for RCC Fe 500

9
Location of Building
Nepal is a country that stands at 11th rank in the world with respect to vulnerability to
earthquake hazards. As per NBC 105:2020 (Part 1), Nepal can be predicted to lies in high
seismic risk (Zones V) as shown in Figure 2-3. The site is located at Thaiba, Lalitpur and
it belongs to the higher seismic risk zone as per NBC 105:2020

Figure 2-2 : Seismic Hazard of Himalayas

10
 3 Numerical modeling
A three dimensional finite element model of the whole structural system is created in
ETABS.v16. The structural system is considered as a Special Moment Resisting Frame
structure. Main components to be modeled are: Beams, Columns & Slabs. Beams and
columns are modeled as frame elements while slabs are modeled as four-nodded shell
elements. The support condition at the base is idealized as a fixed support and hence any
moment release at the base of columns is neglected. The moment release at the
beam/column joints is also neglected. Self-weight of the parapet wall is applied onto the
beams in the form of uniformly distributed loads. Stair isn’t modeled but it’s weight is
applied on respective supporting beam. The inner partition wall load is applied by creating
null beam as positioned in architectural drawing.

Figure 3-1 : 3D model created in ETABS

11
Figure 3-2 : Ground Floor modeled in ETABS

Figure 3-3 : 1st floor plan modeled in ETABS

12
Figure 3-4 :2nd floor plan modeled in ETABS

Figure 3-5 : Floor modeled in ETABS

13
Figure 3-6 : Elevation on grid A

Figure 3-7 : Elevation on grid B

14
 4 Structural analysis
For the purpose of structural analysis various Nepal National Building Code & Indian
Standard Codes are followed for loadings, load combinations and other analysis
procedures.

Load cases considered

Following loads have been considered in the analysis of the building as per IS 456-200 and
IS1893-2002.

I. Dead Load (DL)

II. Live load (LL)
III. Earthquake load in X-direction (EQx & RSx for response spectrum analysis)
IV. Earthquake load in Y-direction (EQy & RSy for response spectrum analysis)

Load combination
Following load combinations have been adopted as per NBC 105:2020 for Static Analysis.

I. 1.2*DL+1.5*LL)
II. DL+λ*LL+EQ(x,y)
Where, DL= Dead load
LL = Imposed (Live) load
EQ(x,y) = Earthquake load (Along X and Y direction)
Replace EQ(x,y) by RS(x,y) for dynamic combinations

Mass Source
Following mass source have been adopted as per NBC 105:2020 for Seismic Analysis.

Table 4-1 : Mass source

Dead load including parapet, floor finish wall load 1
Live load For General Purpose 0.3

Dead loads
Dead loads are assumed to be produced by slab, beams, columns, parapet walls and floor
finish. The weight of building materials are taken as per IS 875 (Part 1-1987).

Table 4-2 : Dead loads unit weight

Materials Unit weight
Reinforced Concrete (for foundation) 25.00 KN/m³
Reinforcement Steel 78.50 KN/m³
Brick Masonry 19.2 KN/m3

15
Table 4-3 : Dead load applied
9” wall 12.56 KN/m
9” wall with opening 10.5 KN/m
5” wall 5.0 KN/m
5” wall with opening 4.0 KN/m
Parapet wall load 2.4 KN/m
Staircase dead load on supporting beam 9.0 KN/m
Floor finish 1.25 KN/m2
Staircase floor finish on supporting beam 1.2x3.91=2.346 KN/m

Live load
Live loads are applied on floor slabs on the basis of usage of rooms, as specified in IS 875
part II.

Table 4-4 : Live load applied

All room 2.0 KN/m2
Balcony/Lobby 3.0 KN/m2
Terrace live 1.5 KN/m2

Seismic Load
Time Period Calculations by Rayleighs Method in X-direction
Seismic Weight Lateral force Deflection in
Story (W) in X-direction (F) X-dir (d) W*d2 F*d
KN KN mm
TF 188.22 51.4288 36.683 253276.8293 1886.56267
2F 647.24 131.1177 30.979 621155.219 4061.89523
1F 1149.46 152.741 22.182 565581.5904 3388.10086
GF 1133.87 73.2744 9.341 98935.0116 684.45617
Sum 1538948.65 10021.0149
Time period in X-
direction= 0.786 sec

Time Period Calculations by Rayleighs Method in Y-direction

Seismic Weight Lateral force Deflection in
Story (W) in Y-direction (F) Y-dir (d) W*d2 F*d
KN KN mm
TF 188.22 51.4288 37.205 260536.3873 1913.4085
2F 647.24 131.1177 33.623 731708.7869 4408.57043
1F 1149.46 152.741 24.183 672224.3109 3693.7356
GF 1133.87 73.2744 10.175 117390.2698 745.56702
1781859.8 10761.28
Time period in Y-
direction= 0.816 sec

16
As, Time period from Empirical relations is lesser than Rayleigh’s Method. Adopt former
for further Calculations of Seismic Base Shear.

Horizontal Base shear (VB) coefficient for Equivalent static Method

Seismic Code : NBC 105:2020 Clause
Elastic site spectra for horizontal loading:C(T)= Ch(T)*Z*I Cl.4.1.1
Height of Structure,H= 11.38 m
Approximate fundamental period of Vibration,T1= 0.465 sec Cl 5.1.2
including 25% Implication for time period, T1= 0.581 Cl 5.1.3
For Soil
Spectral shape factor, Ch(T)= 2.25 type D Fig 4.1

Figure 4-1: Spectral Shape factor, Ch(T) for Equivalent Static Method (NBC 105)

Seismic Zoning factor(Z)= 0.35 Lalitpur Table 4.5

17
 Figure 4-3: Seimic Zoning Map of Nepal

Residential
Importance Classes and Importance factor, I= 1 Bldg Cl 4.1.5
Elastic site spectra for horizontal loading:C(T)= 0.788 Table 4-6

Elastic Site spectrum for Service limit State,Cs(T)= 0.158 {=0.2*C(T)}

For Reinforced Moment resisting Frame, Table 5-2 Cl 5.3 & 5.4
For Ultimate limit State, Ductility factor(Rµ)= 4
For Sevice limit State, Ductility factor(Rs)= 1

For Ultimate Limit State, Over-strenght Factor(Ωu)= 1.5

For Service Limit State, Over-strenght Factor(Ωs)= 1.25

Horizontal Base shear coefficient

(Input for
For ULS , Design Coefficient (Cd(T1))= 0.131 Etabs) Cl 6.1.1
(Input for
For SLS , Design Coefficient (Cd(T1))= 0.126 Etabs) Cl 6.1.2

Vertical Distribution of Seismic forces

Cl 6.3

(Input for
k= 1.040 Etabs)

18
4.1.1 Seismic Weight and Base Shear
For the purpose of analysis, seismic forces are applied in the model of the building in
ETABS Hence, the manual calculations of seismic weight, storey force, base shear and the
seismic forces have not been shown. However, the ETABS outputs for base shear is shown
in table below. Also seismic forces at each level is also shown in figure

Followings factors are considered for earthquake resistant design of the building.

Table 4-5 : Analysis and design parameters

TABLE: Auto Seismic - User Coefficients
Load Pattern Type Direction Eccentricity C K Weight Used Base Shear
% kN kN
Seismic-X_ULS Seismic X 0.131 1.04 3118.7933 408.5619
Seismic-X_ULS Seismic X + Ecc. Y 10 0.131 1.04 3118.7933 408.5619
Seismic-X_ULS Seismic X - Ecc. Y 10 0.131 1.04 3118.7933 408.5619
Seismic-Y_ULS Seismic Y 0.131 1.04 3118.7933 408.5619
Seismic-Y_ULS Seismic Y + Ecc. X 10 0.131 1.04 3118.7933 408.5619
Seismic-Y_ULS Seismic Y - Ecc. X 10 0.131 1.04 3118.7933 408.5619
Seismic-X_SLS Seismic X 0.126 1.04 3118.7933 392.968
Seismic-X_SLS Seismic X + Ecc. Y 10 0.126 1.04 3118.7933 392.968
Seismic-X_SLS Seismic X - Ecc. Y 10 0.126 1.04 3118.7933 392.968
Seismic-Y_SLS Seismic Y 0.126 1.04 3118.7933 392.968
Seismic-Y_SLS Seismic Y + Ecc. X 10 0.126 1.04 3118.7933 392.968
Seismic-Y_SLS Seismic Y - Ecc. X 10 0.126 1.04 3118.7933 392.968

Figure 4-1 : Seismic forces at different levels for Seismic_ULS

19
 Table 4-6: Story forces & Seismic Weight of Each Floor

Load Seismic
Story Case/Combo Location P Average Wt
kN Story Force each floor
TF Seismic Weight Top 170.243
188.22 188.22
TF Seismic Weight Bottom 206.205
2F Seismic Weight Top 786.017
835.47 647.24
2F Seismic Weight Bottom 884.914
1F Seismic Weight Top 1935.480
1984.93 1149.46
1F Seismic Weight Bottom 2034.377
GF Seismic Weight Top 3069.348
3118.80 1133.87
GF Seismic Weight Bottom 3168.245

4.1.2 Storey Drift and displacement Calculations

Storey Drift ratio for all storey are checked as defined in NBC 105:2020.
TABLE: Story Drifts for SLS `
Story Story
Rs Check Check
Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir drift drift
m IDX IDY IDX IDY
TF 11.3792 Top 0.002021 0.002078 1 0.002021 0.002078 OK OK
2F 8.5344 Top 0.002974 0.003128 1 0.002974 0.003128 OK OK
1F 5.6896 Top 0.004341 0.004736 1 0.004341 0.004736 OK OK
GF 2.8448 Top 0.003158 0.003345 1 0.003158 0.003345 OK OK

TABLE: Story Drifts ratio for ULS `

Story Story
Rµ Check Check
Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir drift drift
m IDX IDY IDX IDY
TF 11.3792 Top 0.002101 0.002161 4 0.008404 0.008644 OK OK
2F 8.5344 Top 0.003092 0.003253 4 0.012368 0.013012 OK OK
1F 5.6896 Top 0.004514 0.004924 4 0.018056 0.019696 OK OK
GF 2.8448 Top 0.003284 0.003478 4 0.013136 0.013912 OK OK

20
Modal analysis and modal mass participation
Table 4-6 : Modal Mass Participation ratio from ETABS
TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios
Case Mode Period UX UY Sum UX Sum UY
sec
Modal 1 0.765 0.0133 0.8062 0.0133 0.8062
Modal 2 0.722 0.7037 0.0189 0.717 0.8251
Modal 3 0.619 0.1178 0.0009 0.8348 0.826
Modal 4 0.268 0.0224 0.0748 0.8572 0.9008
Modal 5 0.262 0.0586 0.025 0.9158 0.9258
Modal 6 0.203 0.0117 0.0014 0.9275 0.9272
Modal 7 0.171 0.0042 0.0328 0.9317 0.9601
Modal 8 0.165 0.0447 0.0101 0.9764 0.9702
Modal 9 0.142 0.0062 0.009 0.9827 0.9791
Modal 10 0.12 0.0003 0.0172 0.9829 0.9963
Modal 11 0.114 0.0171 0.0005 1 0.9968
Modal 12 0.101 0.000001329 0.0032 1 1

The total mass participation in both considered direction is greater than the 90% of the
total lateral force. A building has regular modes of oscillation in two principal plan
directions as the mass participation factor for first three modes is greater than 65%.

4.1.3 Analysis of Internal Forces Developed in Frames

Bending moments, shear forces and axial forces of the buildings were analyzed using the
ETABS. The analysis is used for identification of critical sections and to find out the
design requirements so as to design various structural components. The sample moment
diagrams, shear force diagram, axial force diagrams and torsion diagrams of the frames
along some grids are as extracted from ETABS are presented below:

21
Figure 4-2 : Sample Bending Moment Diagram for frames due to (DL+LL)

Figure 4-3 : Sample Shear force Diagram for frames due to (DL+LL)

22
Figure 4-4 : Sample Axial force Diagram for frames due to (DL+LL)

23
 5 Design
The design of reinforced concrete structural members includes selection of material
properties (grade of steel and concrete), shape and size of cross section, factor of safety and
amount of steel required. The design of reinforced concrete members is carried out using
limit state method as per IS 456: 2000. The limit state method is the modern and latest
design methodology. This method evolved around 1970’s. Limit state method is based on
the concept of multiple safety factors and attempts to provide adequate safety at the ultimate
loads and adequate serviceability at service loads. For the design of the members, IS
456:2000 and design aid SP 16 has been used. Footings have been checked for vertical
loads and moments developed at the base due to dead load and live load only. Square
footings have been adopted from seismic point of view that reversal stress may occur. And
footing beams are provided for column at foundation for more rigidity of building and also
need for the column located at boundary. Longitudinal reinforcement in beams and columns
has been calculated based on critical load combination. Spacing of the shear reinforcement
has been calculated as per the ductility criteria as defined in IS 13920 -1993.Some sample
designs are shown later on in this report.
Beams and columns have been designed using ETABS while slab, staircase and
foundations are designed manually. Samples of manual design calculation of critical beam,
column, slab and footings are shown in this report in ANNEX-II: SAMPLE DESIGN
CALCULATIONS. The structural design of sections and reinforcements are presented in
the drawing.

24
Design Summary

5.1.1 Column design summary

Figure 5-1 : Rebar of column in Grid A Figure 5-2 : Rebar of column in Grid B

Figure 5-3 : Rebar of column in Grid C

25
5.1.2 Beam Design Summary

Figure 5-4 : Rebar in ground floor

Figure 5-5 : Rebar of beam in first floor

26
 Figure 5-6 : Rebar in second floor

5.1.3 Slab Design Summary

Size: 125mm
Reinforcement:
Let’s provide 8mm@150mm c/c both ways with usual layouts/curtailments wherever
required
For more details, refer structural drawings

5.1.4 Staircase Design Summary

Staircase is designed as waist slab with following design details.
Waist Slab Thickness = 125 mm,
Longitudinal reinforcement: 12mm dia. bars@ 150mm c/c,
Transverse Reinforcement: 8 mm dia. bars @ 150mm c/c

27
5.1.5 Foundation Design Summary
The foundation is designed as isolated/Strap footing. Tie beams are provided in two
different levels one at the top level of footings (Lower Tie Beams) and another at the plinth
level (Upper Tie Beams). Wherever strap beams and combined footing are provided the
lower tie beams are avoided because the strap beams and combine footing will themselves
be able to fulfill the function of tie beams

Figure 5-7 : Base reaction for footing design

28
 6 CONCLUSION
After the analysis of the building components, the building is found to be safe against the
gravity as well as Seismic Loads. The section sizes and reinforcements are sufficient
enough to withstand all kinds of possible axial, shear, flexural and torsional forces. The
building is designed to make it good enough to assure Life Safety under Design Basis
Earthquake considered. Bearing capacity of the soil is taken as 80 KN/m2. M20 grade of
concrete is used for columns, beams, slabs and foundations. Ductile detailing as per NBC
105:2020 has been extensively adopted while detailing.
7 RECOMMENDATIONS
Design and construction of the structure are inter – related jobs. A performance of a
building depends upon a work and material quality during the construction more than the
intensions pursued during structural design. A large percentage of structural failures are
attributed due to poor quality of construction. Therefore, to assure the proper safety,
material and work quality should be maintained during the construction. Structural designer
will be responsible for all the designs but not for any faulty constructions happened at site
beyond his supervision. Following recommendations are made by the structural designer.
1. It is recommended to strictly follow the section sizes and reinforcements provided in the
structural drawings.
2. It is recommended that the site engineer should be responsible to handle the problems
that may arise during construction. He/she shall also be responsible for maintaining the
material and process quality during construction.
3. It is strictly recommended that any changes in the design shall be done only with the
consultation of the structural designer.
4. It is strictly recommended to maintain the standards in the grade of cement and
reinforcement steel. It is recommended to run a cube test to ensure the strength and quality
of the concrete ratio used. It is also recommended test the reinforcement steels to ensure
the quality of steel used.

29
 ANNEXES

ANNEX -I: REFERENCES

IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

IS: 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than
earthquake) for buildings and structures (second
revision)
Part 1 – Dead loads Part
2 – Imposed load

NBC 105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

IS: 1893 – 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of

Structures

IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures

subjected to Seismic forces - Code of Practice

SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 –

1978

SP: 34 – 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing

Jain, A.K Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth

edition, Nem Chand and Bros, Rookie, 1999

Sinha, S. N. Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata

McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi,
1996

Pillai,U.C. and Menon,D. Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata

McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi,
2003

Neelam Sharma Reinforced cement concrete design

30
ANNEX-II: SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS

31
 STRAP FOOTING_SB1

1.Datas
Grade of concrete(fck)= 20 N/mm2
strength of steel(fy)= 500 N/mm2
Size of column(C1)= 355 x 355 mm
Size of column(C2)= 355 x 355 mm
Factored load on column(Pu1)= 597 KN
Service load on column(Pu1) including self wt=
437.80 KN
Factored load on column(pu2)= 900.00 KN
Service load on column(Pu1) including self wt=
660.00 KN
Distance between centre of column(s)= 3.6862 m
Allowable bearing capacity(q0)= 100 KN/m2
Centre of footing 1 from property line(x')= 0.1775 m

2.Determination of size of footing

Preliminary dimensioning of footing (F1)
Area needed for F1= 4.4 m2
Area provided F1= 5.47 m2
Adopt length(L) 2.50 m
Breadth(B) 2.50 m
Deternination of reactions
Location of R1 1.25 m from edge of F1
Distance of R1 from P1 1.0725 m
Distance of R1 From P2 2.6137 m
Reaction at footing F1(R1) 617.45 KN
Reaction at footing F2(R2) 480.35 KN
FS against overturning (characteristic loads ) 3.67 >1.5,OK

Dimension of Footing F2
Footing Area required for F2 4.80 m2
Size of footing F2(B2) 2.19 m
Provided size for footing F2 2.29 m
Dimension of Footing F1
CG of load from F2 1.47 m
Area of footing A1 required 6.72 m
Length 2.50
Breadth of footing 2.50 m
OK
3.Design of slab for footing F1
Depth requirement from flexural moment
Factored Soil Pressure= R/A
148.19 KN/m2 OK
width of strap beam= 0.4 m
Cantilever projection of slab= 1.05 m
Maximum moment at the face of strap beam= 81.69 KN-m per m length
Depth required from moment criteria=

175.24 mm

Depth requirement from one way shear criteria

Vu=148.19*(1.05-d/1000) KN
Assume % of steel= 0.17

β= 13.66

Tc= 0.31
suppose Tv<Tc
148.19*(1.05-d/1000)*1000/(d*1000)=0.31
d= 337.23 mm
adopt d= 375.00 mm
Overall depth(D)= 450.00 mm

Reinforcement in footing slab

Mu=81.69KN-m
y * At
M  0.87 *y * At * (d  )
ck * b

Ast= 637.50 mm2/m

Bar size= 12 mm
Spacing required= 177.41 mm
Spacing Provided= 150 mm
Ast provided= 753.98 mm2
% of Ast= 0.17 ok
Provide 2.5mx2.5mx0.45m size F1 footing with 12mm bar at 150 mm spacing c/c on both way

4.Design of slab under footing F2

Soil Pressure= P/A
137.88 KN/m2 OK
Cantilever projection of slab= 0.943 m
Maximum moment at the face of strap beam= 61.30 KN-m per m length
Depth required from moment criteria

151.81 mm
 Depth requirement from one way shear criteria
Vu=137.88*(0.943-d/1000)KN
Assume % of steel= 0.17

β= 13.66

Tc= 0.31
suppose Tv<Tc
137.88*(0.943-d/1000)*1000/(d*1000)=0.31
d= 288.24 mm
adopt d= 375.00 mm
Overall depth(D)= 450.00 mm

Reinforcement in footing slab

Mu=61.3KN-m
y * At
M  0.87*y * At * (d  )
ck * b

Ast= 637.50 mm2/m

Bar size= 12 mm
Spacing required= 177.41 mm
Spacing Provided= 150 mm
Ast provided= 753.98 mm2
% of Ast= 0.17 ok
Provide 2.286mx2.286mx0.45m size F2 footing with 12mm bar at 150 mm spacing c/c on both way

5.Design of Strap beam

656.70 990.00
F E G D C B A

370.47 315.19

point of max negative moment from F(G) 1.77 m

Location Distance from F shear force(KN) Moment(KN)
F 0 0 0
E-left 0.1775 -65.76 5.8
E-right 0.1775 590.94 5.8
G 1.77 0.00 -465.48
D 2.50 -269.47 -367.47
C 2.7207 -269.47 -308.0029
B-left 3.8637 -629.73 205.89
B-right 3.8637 360.27 205.89
A 5.0067 0 0

Maximun positive moment 205.89 KN-m

Maximum Negative moment 465.48 KN-m

Shear force

3.8637, -629.73

2.502.7207,
, -269.47
-269.47

0
0.1775, -65.76 1 2 3 4 5 6
0, 0 1.77 , 0.00 5.0067, 0

3.8637, 360.27

0.1775, 590.94

Bending Moment (on tension side)

1.77 , -465.48

2.50 , -367.47
2.7207, -308.0029029

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0, 0 0.1775, 5.8 5.0067, 0

3.8637, 205.89

drequired= 661.42 mm
dprovided= 675 mm
Overall depth= 735 mm
Area of steel required for positive moment
y * At
M  0.87*y * At * (d  )
ck * b

Ast= 754.23 mm2/m

Diameter of bar adopted= 16 mm
No of bar required= 3.0
Ast provided= 603.19

Area of steel required for negative moment

Ast= 1931.51 mm2/m

Diameter of bar adopted= 20 mm
No of bar required= 7.0
Ast provided= 2199.11 mm2
Min ast required= 459.00 ok

Design for shear

The critical section for shear is at right face of column C1
Vu= 525.18 KN
Tv 1.945 N/mm2
pt= 0.223

β= 10.39

Tc= 0.35 N/m2

since Tc<Tv, Shear reinforcement is required
vus= 429.93 KN
Dia of bars= 10 mm
no of legged of stirupps= 2
Spacing of stirupps= 107.279 mm
Spacing provided= 100 mm

Hence provide 400mm*735mm strap beam with 2 legged 10 mm bars

at 100 c/c spacing.
 STRAP FOOTING_SB2

1.Datas
Grade of concrete(fck)= 20 N/mm2
strength of steel(fy)= 500 N/mm2
Size of column(C1)= 355 x 355 mm
Size of column(C2)= 355 x 355 mm
Factored load on column(Pu1)= 550.5 KN
Service load on column(Pu1) including self wt=
403.70 KN
Factored load on column(pu2)= 312.00 KN
Service load on column(Pu1) including self wt=
228.80 KN
Distance between centre of column(s)= 3.9624 m
Allowable bearing capacity(q0)= 100 KN/m2
Centre of footing 1 from property line(x')= 0.1775 m

2.Determination of size of footing

Preliminary dimensioning of footing (F1)
Area needed for F1= 4.0 m2
Area provided F1= 6.06 m2
Adopt length(L) 2.50 m
Breadth(B) 2.50 m
Deternination of reactions
Location of R1 1.25 m from edge of F1
Distance of R1 from P1 1.0725 m
Distance of R1 From P2 2.8899 m
Reaction at footing F1(R1) 553.52 KN
Reaction at footing F2(R2) 78.98 KN
FS against overturning (characteristic loads ) 1.53 >1.5,OK

Dimension of Footing F2
Footing Area required for F2 0.79 m2
Size of footing F2(B2) 0.89 m
Provided size for footing F2 2.20 m
Dimension of Footing F1
CG of load from F2 2.53 m
Area of footing A1 required 33.92 m
Length 2.50
Breadth of footing 2.50 m
OK
3.Design of slab for footing F1
Depth requirement from flexural moment
Factored Soil Pressure= R/A
132.85 KN/m2 OK
width of strap beam= 0.4 m
Cantilever projection of slab= 1.05 m
Maximum moment at the face of strap beam= 73.23 KN-m per m length
Depth required from moment criteria=

165.92 mm

Depth requirement from one way shear criteria

Vu=132.85*(1.05-d/1000) KN
Assume % of steel= 0.17

β= 13.66

Tc= 0.31
suppose Tv<Tc
132.85*(1.05-d/1000)*1000/(d*1000)=0.31
d= 312.72 mm
adopt d= 375.00 mm
Overall depth(D)= 450.00 mm

Reinforcement in footing slab

Mu=73.23KN-m
y * At
M  0.87 *y * At * (d  )
ck * b

Ast= 637.50 mm2/m

Bar size= 12 mm
Spacing required= 177.41 mm
Spacing Provided= 150 mm
Ast provided= 753.98 mm2
% of Ast= 0.17 ok
Provide 2.5mx2.5mx0.45m size F1 footing with 12mm bar at 150 mm spacing c/c on both way

4.Design of slab under footing F2

Soil Pressure= P/A
24.48 KN/m2 OK
Cantilever projection of slab= 0.900 m
Maximum moment at the face of strap beam= 9.91 KN-m per m length
Depth required from moment criteria

61.05 mm
 Depth requirement from one way shear criteria
Vu=24.48*(0.9-d/1000) KN
Assume % of steel= 0.17

β= 13.66

Tc= 0.31
suppose Tv<Tc
24.48*(0.9-d/1000)*1000/(d*1000)=0.31
d= 65.24 mm
adopt d= 375.00 mm
Overall depth(D)= 450.00 mm

Reinforcement in footing slab

Mu=9.91KN-m
y * At
M  0.87*y * At * (d  )
ck * b

Ast= 637.50 mm2/m

Bar size= 12 mm
Spacing required= 177.41 mm
Spacing Provided= 150 mm
Ast provided= 753.98 mm2
% of Ast= 0.17 ok
Provide 2.2mx2.2mx0.45m size F2 footing with 12mm bar at 150 mm spacing c/c on both way

5.Design of Strap beam

605.55 343.20
F E G D C B A

332.11 53.85

point of max negative moment from F(G) 1.82 m

Location Distance from F shear force(KN) Moment(KN)
F 0 0 0
E-left 0.1775 -58.95 5.2
E-right 0.1775 546.60 5.2
G 1.82 0.00 -444.57
D 2.50 -224.73 -368.54
C 3.0399 -224.73 -247.205
B-left 4.1399 -283.97 32.58
B-right 4.1399 59.23 32.58
A 5.2399 0 0

Maximun positive moment 32.58 KN-m

Maximum Negative moment 444.57 KN-m

Shear force

4.1399, -283.97
2.50 , -224.73
3.0399, -224.73

0.1775, -58.95
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0, 0 1.82 , 0.00 5.2399, 0
4.1399, 59.23

0.1775, 546.60

Bending Moment (on tension side)

1.82 , -444.57

2.50 , -368.54

3.0399, -247.2049595

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0, 0 0.1775, 5.2 5.2399, 0
4.1399, 32.58

drequired= 646.40 mm
dprovided= 675 mm
Overall depth= 735 mm
Area of steel required for positive moment
y * At
M  0.87*y * At * (d  )
ck * b

Ast= 112.17 mm2/m

Diameter of bar adopted= 16 mm
No of bar required= 4.0
Ast provided= 804.25

Area of steel required for negative moment

Ast= 1822.33 mm2/m

Diameter of bar adopted= 20 mm
No of bar required= 6.0
Ast provided= 1884.96 mm2
Min ast required= 459.00 ok

Design for shear

The critical section for shear is at right face of column C1
Vu= 487.65 KN
Tv 1.806 N/mm2
pt= 0.298

β= 7.80

Tc= 0.40 N/m2

since Tc<Tv, Shear reinforcement is required
vus= 379.97 KN
Dia of bars= 10 mm
no of legged of stirupps= 2
Spacing of stirupps= 121.385 mm
Spacing provided= 120 mm

Hence provide 400mm*735mm strap beam with 2 legged 10 mm bars

at 120 c/c spacing.
 Isolated Footing F1
1.Data
Size of column
Bc = 355 mm
Dc = 355 mm
Column Load (V) = 432.00 KN
2
Bearing Capacity (qa) = 100 KN/m
Grade of Concrete (fck) = 20 Mpa
Grade of Steel (fy)= 500 Mpa

2.Calculation of size of footing

wt. of foundation = 43.20 KN
Total Load (P)= 475.20 KN
2
Area of footing = 4.752 m
*Note:Taking the ratio of width and length of footing same as that of column dimensions

Size of footing
L= 2.180 m
B= 2.180 m
Provided (L) = 2.286 m
Provided (B) = 2.286 m

Upward reaction (q') = 124.000 KN/m

Max'm B.M. = 57.796 KN-m

3.Calculation for depth of footing

2
B.M. = 0.134 fckbd
depth (d)= 147 mm
Provided depth (d) = 450 mm

4.Check for Shear

2
Per. Shear Strength (τc) = 0.25√fck 1.118 N/mm
a) Punching shear
depth (d)= 450 mm
2
Punching shear(τ'V) = 0.392 N/mm

Ok
Provided depth (d) = 450 mm
Overall Depth (D)= 500 mm
 b) One way Shear (Calculation for no shear reinforcement)
depth (d) = 450 mm
Max'm S.F. = 63.922 KN
2
One way Shear (τv) = 0.142 N/mm
Provided Ast = 0.15 %
β= 15.48
2
Concrete Shear strength (τc)= 0.288 N/mm
Ok
2
Ast = 675 mm

5.Calculation for reinforcement

2
Ast = 301 mm
2
Ast required = 675 mm
Provided, Size = 12 mm dia
Spacing = 150 mm c/c
2
Ast Provided= 754 mm
Ok
Area of Steel Along width
B.M. = 57.796 KN-m
Ast = 675 mm2
Provided, Size = 12 mm dia
Spacing = 150 mm c/c
Ast Provided= 754 mm2
Ok

6.Development Length

2
Bond stress(τbd)= 1.920 N/mm
Development length (Ld)= 680 mm
Available Ld along length = 915.5 mm
Ok

7.Load Transfer from Column to Footing

2
Nominal bearing stress in column = 5.142 N/mm
Allowable bearing stress = 0.45*fck
9.000 N/mm2
Now Excess load = 0.000 kN
Area of steel required As = 0 mm2
Minimum Ast = 0.5% of column area
2
630.125 mm
2
Thus, area of steel for dowel bars = 630 mm
Now
Bar extended
Nos dia Ast
8 16 1608
2
Available Ast for load transfer = 1608 mm

Thus no additional dowel bars are required to transfer load

Additional Ast = No dowel bars are needed
 Isolated Footing F2
1.Data
Size of column
Bc = 355 mm
Dc = 355 mm
Column Load (V) = 256.00 KN
2
Bearing Capacity (qa) = 100 KN/m
Grade of Concrete (fck) = 20 Mpa
Grade of Steel (fy)= 500 Mpa

2.Calculation of size of footing

wt. of foundation = 25.60 KN
Total Load (P)= 281.60 KN
2
Area of footing = 2.816 m
*Note:Taking the ratio of width and length of footing same as that of column dimensions

Size of footing
L= 1.678 m
B= 1.678 m
Provided (L) = 1.829 m
Provided (B) = 1.829 m

Upward reaction (q') = 114.815 KN/m

Max'm B.M. = 31.174 KN-m

3.Calculation for depth of footing

2
B.M. = 0.134 fckbd
depth (d)= 108 mm
Provided depth (d) = 400 mm

4.Check for Shear

2
Per. Shear Strength (τc) = 0.25√fck 1.118 N/mm
a) Punching shear
depth (d)= 400 mm
2
Punching shear(τ'V) = 0.264 N/mm
Ok
Provided depth (d) = 400 mm
Overall Depth (D)= 450 mm
 b) One way Shear (Calculation for no shear reinforcement)
depth (d) = 400 mm
Max'm S.F. = 38.681 KN
2
One way Shear (τv) = 0.097 N/mm
Provided Ast = 0.15 %
β= 15.48
2
Concrete Shear strength (τc)= 0.288 N/mm
Ok
2
Ast = 600 mm

5.Calculation for reinforcement

2
Ast = 182 mm
2
Ast required = 600 mm
Provided, Size = 12 mm dia
Spacing = 150 mm c/c
2
Ast Provided= 754 mm
Ok
Area of Steel Along width
B.M. = 31.174 KN-m
Ast = 600 mm2
Provided, Size = 12 mm dia
Spacing = 150 mm c/c
Ast Provided= 754 mm2
Ok

6.Development Length

2
Bond stress(τbd)= 1.920 N/mm
Development length (Ld)= 680 mm
Available Ld along length = 686.9 mm
Ok

7.Load Transfer from Column to Footing

2
Nominal bearing stress in column = 3.047 N/mm
Allowable bearing stress = 0.45*fck
2
9.000 N/mm
Now Excess load = 0.000 kN
2
Area of steel required As = 0 mm
Minimum Ast = 0.5% of column area
2
630.125 mm
2
Thus, area of steel for dowel bars = 630 mm
Now
Bar extended
Nos dia Ast
8 16 1608
2
Available Ast for load transfer = 1608 mm

Thus no additional dowel bars are required to transfer load

Additional Ast = No dowel bars are needed
 Combine Footing Design_CF1
Given Data
Size of column Column1 Column2
Bc = 0.35 m 0.35 m
Dc = 0.35 m 0.35 m
Column Load (working load)(V) = 89 KN 422 KN
Distance bet'n column = 1.524 m
Bearing Capacity (qa) = 80 KN/m2
Grade of Concrete (fck) = 20 Mpa
Grade of Steel (fy)= 500 Mpa

Calculation of size of footing

wt. of foundation = 76.65 KN
Total Load (P)= 587.65 KN
Area of footing = 7.346 m2

C.G. of loads from center of Column1 = 1.259 m

Column1 Column2
Projection Available = 0.175 m 1.301 m
C.G. of loads from outer face of footing = 1.434 m
Total Footing Length ,L = 2.868 m 9.41 ft
Adopt L= 3 9.843 ft
Inner width,b = 2.449 m 8.034 ft
Adopt B= 2.5 m
Actual Area (A) = 7.500 m2
Upward reaction (w) = 255.50 KN/m

Stress resultants in longitudinal direction

maximum positive bending moment 161.971 KNm
Point of maximum negative moment from edge of column 1
0.5225 m
Maximum negative moment -11.5147 KNm
39.4058 KNm

Thickness base on shear

a One way Shear(longitudinal)
% of steel 0.2000

B 11.6

Tc 0.336 Mpa
The critical section for one way shear is located at distance d from inside face of column C2
Vu1 =133.5-255.5x(0.175+0.175+d)
Concrete shear strength Vuc= =0.336x2500xd

d= 40.2 mm
d adopted 394.0
D provided 450.0

b Two way shear

The critical section is located d/2 from pheriphery of column C1 and C2
Factored soil pressure 102.2000KN/m2
punching shear at column A 76.92862 KN
punching shear at column B 576.4286 KN
Per. Shear Strength = 0.25√fck 1.118 N/mm2
Punching strength at column A 1310.944 KN OK
Punching strength at column B 1310.944 KN OK

Check base pressure

q 78.35333333 OK

Design of longitudinal flexural reinforcement

maximum negative moment= 39.4058 KN-m

Ast percentage = 0.023

(Ast )min percentage= 0.12
Bar size 12
Spacing required 143.52 mm
Adopt spacing 125 mm

Maximum positive moment 161.971 KN-m

Ast percentage = 0.098
(Ast )min percentage= 0.12
Bar size 12
Spacing required 239.21 mm
Adopt spacing 150 mm

Design of column strips as transverse beams

a Transvers beam under column C1
Factored load per unit length of beam 53.4 KN/m
projection of beam beyond column face 1.075 mm
Bending moment 30.85519 KNm
Effective depth of transvers beam 382 mm
Width of beam 923 mm
Ast percentage = 0.053
(Ast )min percentage= 0.12
Bar size 12 mm
Spacing required 239.21 mm
Adopt spacing 150 mm

b Transverse beam under column C2

Factored load per unit length of beam 253.2 KN/m
projection of beam beyond column face 1.075 mm
Bending moment 146.3021 KNm
Effective depth of transvers beam 382 mm
Width of beam 923 mm
Ast percentage = 0.268
(Ast )min percentage= 0.12
Bar size 16 mm
Spacing required 166.87 mm
Adopt spacing 150 mm

Transfer of force at column Base

a.Column C1:
limiting bearing stress at columnface =0.45fck 9 Mpa
limiting bearing stress at footing face= 9 Mpa
Excess load = 0
limiting bearing resistance at column footing interface 1102.5 >133.5 OK

b.Column C2:
limiting bearing stress at columnface =0.45fck 9 Mpa
A1 6.25
A2 0.1225
SQRT(A1/A2) 7.142857 limited to 2

limiting bearing stress at footing face= 18 Mpa >9 OK

limiting bearing resistance at column footing interface 1102.5 >633 OK
 ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
DL+LAMDA*LL-
GF B7 18 BM 9"X14" 177.8 3987.8 1
EQY

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
228.6 355.6 228.6 0 25 25

Material Properties
Lt.Wt Factor
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
(Unitless)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-51.4914 3.6137 54.0516 0.3956

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-51.4914 5.4323 0 -56.9238

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Page 1 of 2
 Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2
-56.9238 439 0 439 174
Axis)
Bottom (-2
0 219 0 0 219
Axis)

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
56.8863 38.2531 43.9258 33.1652 368.19

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
3.6137 54.0516 198.6 325.6 344.43

Page 2 of 2
 ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Column Section Design(Envelope)

Column Element Details

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Length (mm) LLRF
GF C2 2 C 14"x14" 2844.8 0.569

Section Properties
Cover (Torsion)
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm)
(mm)
355.6 355.6 58 30

Material Properties
Lt.Wt Factor
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
(Unitless)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Longitudinal Reinforcement Design for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction

Rebar Area Rebar
Column End
mm² %
Top 1012 0.8
Bottom 1554 1.23

Design Axial Force & Biaxial Moment for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction
Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
kN kN-m kN-m mm
kN kN-m kN-m mm
DL+LAMDA*LL-
Top 537.4447 40.1973 10.7489 2489.2
EQY
DL+LAMDA*LL-
Bottom 545.6376 -97.7499 -10.9128 0
EQY

Shear Reinforcement for Major Shear, Vu2

Rebar Asv /s Design Vu2 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
mm²/m kN mm
DL+LAMDA*LL-
Top 394.16 33.0544 2489.2
EQY
DL+LAMDA*LL-
Bottom 394.16 33.0544 0
EQY

ETABS MODEL THAIBA.EDB Page 1 of 2

 Shear Reinforcement for Minor Shear, Vu3
Rebar Asv /s Design Vu3 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
mm²/m kN mm
DL+LAMDA*LL-
Top 394.16 55.7976 2489.2
EQY
DL+LAMDA*LL-
Bottom 394.16 55.7976 0
EQY

Joint Shear Check/Design

Shear Shear Joint
Joint Shear Controlling
Vu,Tot Vc Area
Ratio Combo
kN kN mm²
DL+LAMDA*LL+
Major(Vu2) 0.427 241.302 565.5077 126451
EQX
DL+LAMDA*LL+
Minor(Vu3) 0.427 286.3979 565.5077 126451
EQX

Beam/Column Capacity Ratios

SumBeamCap SumColCap
1.1(B/C) Column/Beam Controlling
Moments Moments
Ratio Ratio Combo
kN-m kN-m
DL+LAMDA*LL+E
Major33 0.676 1.626 67.1665 109.2327
QY
DL+LAMDA*LL+E
Minor22 0.787 1.398 78.1384 109.2327
QY

ETABS MODEL THAIBA.EDB Page 2 of 2

 SLAB DESIGN
1. DESIGN DATA

Longer Span of the critical Slab (Ly) = 4.27 m

Shorter Span of the critical Slab (Lx)= 3.99 m
2
Grade of Concrete used (σck) = 20 N/mm
Width of slab, b = 1000 mm
Grade of steel used (σy) = 500 N/mm2
Unit weight of screed = 20.4 kN/m3
Unit weight of plaster = 20.4 kN/m3
Thickness of screed = 25 mm
Thickness of plaster = 12.5 mm
Assume Thickness of slab (D) = 125 mm
Effective depth of slab d= 105 mm

2. BENDING MOMENT COEFFICIENT

Type of slab Panal = 2 Adjescent Edge Discontinous

Aspect Ratio of the slab Considered Ly/Lx = 1.070 30
Bending Moment Coefficient for 1.0 for 1.1 for 1.070
Coeff for -ve moment, βx = 0.0470 0.0530 0.051
Coeff for +ve moment, βx = 0.0350 0.0400 0.039
Coeff for -ve moment, βy = 0.0470 0.047
Coeff for +ve moment, βy = 0.0350 0.035

3. LOAD CALCULATION

Dead load of slab = 3.125 kN/m2

Dead load due to screed = 0.51 kN/m2
Dead load due to plaster = 0.255 kN/m2
Dead load due to Partition Wall = 1.25 kN/m2
Live load at Slab = 2 kN/m2
Total Load = 7.14 kN/m2
Factored Design Load = 10.71 kN/m2
Factored Design Load per meter = 10.71 kN/m

4. MOMENT CALCULATION

Design -ve moment for short span, Mx 8.7 kN-m

Design +ve moment for short span, Mx 6.6 kN-m
Design -ve moment for long span, My 8.0 kN-m
Design +ve moment for long span, My 6.0 kN-m

5. CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT

Design for -ve Reinforcement =

Along Short span 200.5 mm2
Along Long span 183.3 mm2
Design for +ve Reinforcement =
Along Short span 148.8 mm2
Along Long span 134.8 mm2

Minimum reinforcement required (Ast)= 187.5 mm2

 Area Spacing Spacing Area
Bar dia.
Direction Required Required Provided provided
Provided mm
mm2 mm mm mm2
Shorter Support 8 201 250.00 150 334.93
Shorter Mid 8 149 267.95 150 334.93
Longer Support 8 183 267.95 150 334.93
Longer Mid 8 135 267.95 150 334.93

6. CHECK FOR SHEAR

Shear coefficient = 0.60

Design Shear Force Vu = 25.63 kN
Nominal shear stress (tv) = 0.24 N/mm2
Percent tension steel (Pt) = 0.27 N/mm2
Shear strength of M20 Concrete and 0.27% steel tc = 0.37 N/mm2
Shear Strength Coefficient for(d<=150) ks = 1.30 N/mm2
Shear strength in slab t'c = 0.48 N/mm2
Maximum Shear stress for M20 Grade Concrete tc, max = 2.80 N/mm2
Safe in shear

7. CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

Required Tension reinforcement % for short span Pt= 0.21
Provided Tension reinforcement % for short span Pt= 0.27
Basic value of span to effective depth (L/d) ) ratio α = 20
Modification factor for span > 10m β = 1
Mu/bd2= 0.59
Steel stress of service fs= 162.35
Required modification factor for tension reinforcement 1.90
Actual Modification factor for tension reinforcement =γ 2.00
Allowable short span to effective depth ratio Lx/d = 40.00
Calculated short span to effective depth ratio (Lx/d) = 37.98
Safe in deflection