CLASS - X (DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMME) 07–09–2022

SOCIAL SCIENCE MAJOR TEST # 4

CLASS - X SOLUTIONS
1. Option (1)
2. Option (3)
3. Option (1)
4. Option (2)
5. Option (1)
6. Option (4)
7. Option (1)
8. Option (1)
9. Option (4)
10. Option (1)
11. Option (1)
12. Option (2)
13. Option (3)
14. Option (1)
15. Option (4)
16. Option (2)
Rabi crops are harvested in summer and sown in winter.
17. Option (2)
The denial of universal suffrage in Europe, was not a cause to the return of Monarchy.
18. Option (2)
19. Option (2)
20. Option (1)
In plantation farming, a single crop is grown on a large area.
21. Option (1)
Khilafat Commitee was formed in 1919.
22. Imperialism
23. kharif
24. Alluvial
25. Bharat Mata
26. urban
27. tribals

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 PRE-NURTURE & CAREER FOUNDATION DIVISION 07–09–2022
28. (a) Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores power to the only place where power belongs
in a democracy - in the hands of the people.
(b) When people participate in the planning and implementation of devolopmental schemes, they would
naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen
Thus, Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy."
(c) "We need to give more power to the panchayats to realise the dream of Mahatma Gandhi and the
hopes of the makers of our Constitution.
29. (a) Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act
(1919).
(b) The British administration decided to clamp down on nationalists. Local leaders were picked up
from Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi.
(c) This Act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united
opposition of the Indian members. It gave the government enormous powers to repress political
activities, and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.
30. Resource planning in India
Resource planning is a complex process which involves :
(i) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying,
mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
(ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up
for implementing resource development plans.
(iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.
The availability of resources is a necessary condition for the development of any region, but mere
availability of resources in the absence of corresponding changes in technology and institutions may
hinder development. There are many regions in our country that are rich in resources but these are
included in economically backward regions. On the contrary there are some regions which have a
poor resource base but they are economically developed.
Therefore, resources can contribute to development only when they are accompanied by appropriate
technological development and institutional changes. In India, development, in general, and resource
development in particular does not only involve the availability of resources, but also the technology,
quality of human resources and the historical experiences of the people.
31. Secular state – There is no official religion for the Indian state. Unlike the status of Buddhism in Sri
Lanka, that of Islam in Pakistan and that of Christianity in England, our Constitution does not give
a special status to any religion.
(i) The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practice and
propagate any religion, or not to follow any.
(ii) The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
(iii) The Constitution allows the state to intervene in the matters of religion in order to ensure equality
within religious communities. For example, it bans untouchability.
(iv) Understood in this sense, secularism is not just an ideology of some parties or persons. This idea
constitutes one of the foundations of our country.

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32. Jobber : Getting jobs was always difficult, the numbers seeking work were always more than the jobs
available. Entry into the mills was also restricted. Industrialists usually employed a jobber to get new
recruits. Very often the jobber was an old and trusted worker. He got people from his village, ensured
them jobs, helped them settle in the city and provided them money in times of crisis. The jobber therefore
became a person with some authority and power. He began demanding money and gifts for his favour
and controlling the lives of workers.
33. Intensive Subsistence Farming –
(a) This type of farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land.
(b) Farmers and his family produce mainly cereal crops for subsistence of the family and for local
market.
(c) It is a labour intensive agriculture.
(d) Farms sizes are small and uneconomical due to fragmentation of land holding on account of
'right of inheritance'.
(e) Farmers try to take maximum output from the limited land in absence of alternative.
Commerical Farming –
(a) This type of farming is practised in areas of low population density.
(b) Crops are grown in large scale for commercial purposes, and for export to other countries.
(c) It is capital intensive requiring high application of modern inputs.
(d) Farm sizes are large for use of modern machineries and for large scale production.
(e) Farmers earn huge profits from commerical agriculture due to sale of crops.
34. Only the final goods and services are counted in the GDP. For example, if wheat is sold at Rs. 8 per
kg. to floor mill, which sells flour to Biscuit company which then uses flour to make biscuits. Then
the value of biscuits would be counted, not the value of flour. The value of biscuits contains the value
of intermediately goods their production.
35. Coming Together Federation : Coming together federation involves independent states coming together
on their own to form a bigger unit so that by pooling sovereignty and retaining identity, they can increase
their security. In this type of federation, all the constituent States have equal power and are strong vis-
a-vis the federal government. Eg : USA, Switzerland and Australia have this type of federation.
Holding Together Federation : Holding together federation is a type of federation where a large country
decides to divide its power between the constituent States and the national government. In this type
of federation, the central government tends to be more powerful vis-a-vis the States and very often
different constituent units of the federation have unequal powers. Eg : India, Spain and Belgium are
examples of this kind of federation.
36. Advantages of multi-purpose projects: They help in flood control. They help in supplying water to
water deficient area. They help in better supply of drinking water. They also help in electricity
generation.
Disadvantages of multi-purpose projects: Construction of a large dam results in large scale displacement
of people. It affects the livelihood of the displaced. Vast tracts of land is inundated in the catchment
area which leads to large scale environmental consequences.

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37. Role of Napoleon — Civil code 1804
(i) Napoleon set about introducing many of the reforms in the territories that came under his control,
that he had already introduced in France.
(ii) He introduced Napoleonic code of 1804 which did away with all privileges based on birth,
established equality before the law and secured the right to property.
(iii) In many parts of Europe like in the Dutch Republic, Switzerland, Italy and Germany he simplified
administrative divisions, abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial
dues.
(iv) He removed guild restrictions from the towns.
(v) He laid stress on infrastructure i.e., transportation, communication and banking system. These new
reforms were appreciated by the peasants, workers, businessmen, traders and even by the common
people.
38. Gandhiji successfully organise satyagrah movements in various places just after arriving in India. The
movement started in 1916 from Champaran Bihar, where Gandhiji inspire the peasants to struggle against
the oppressive plantation system.
The second satyagraha movement took place in the very next year of Champaran movement. In 1917,
at kheda district of Gujarat the second satyagraha completed successfully. Here the peasants were not
able to pay the revenue, because of crop failure and a plague epidemic and demanding that revenue
collection be relaxed.
The third movement was held in 1918. Gandhiji went to Ahmedabad to organise a satyagraha movement
amongst cotton mill workers.
39. Rinderpest was a cattle epidemic that came to Africa with the infected the meat imported from British
Asia to feed the Italian soldiers invading Eritrea in East Africa. It killed more than 90 per cent of the
livestocks in Africa, making them dependent on Europeans for food and turned them subservient.
40. When power is shared among legislature, executive and judiciary different organs of government.
This is known as horizontal distribution of power. This kind of distribution allows different organs
of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. It this pattern, each organ checks
the others. This maintains the balance of power, for example, in India.
When power shared among governments at different levels, at provincial or regional level, this is known
as vertical distribution of power. Such a general government for the entire country is usually called
federal government. In India, we refer to it as the central or union government. The governments at
the provincial or regional level are called by different names in different countries. In India, we call
them state governments.
41. Human Development Index (HDI) : It makes rating of all countries on a scale of 0 to 1. 0 indicates
lowest human development and 1 indicates highest human development. Two important points
about HDI are -
(i) It measures relative and not absolute level of human development.
(ii) The main emphasis of HDI is on goals, i.e. longevity, knowledge and standard of living (expressed
in real per capita income).
Who Prepares HDI : United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has since 1990 been
preparing HDI.
42. (A) (a) Calcatta (b) Nagpur (c) Madras
(B) (a) Alluvial soil (b) Black soil

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