CONCRETE

CONCRETE
CONCRETE
Group 8
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate
bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION
CEMENT + AGGEREGATE + WATER + ADMIXTURES = CONCRETE

16% 32% 43% 8% 1%

FORMATION
FORMATION VOIDS FORMED BY

COARSE AGGREGATE
FILLED BY

FINE AGGREGATE

FINE AGGREGATE CEMENT

CEMENT WATER

CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN CEMENT AND WATER

RESULTS IN HARDENING
MANUFACTURING
MANUFACTURING MEASUREMENT OF MATERIALS

MIXING

TRANSPORTING

PLACING

COMPACTING

CURING

FINISHING
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES WORKABILITY
HIGH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
CONTINUOUS HARDENING
SHRINKAGE
CORROSION FREE
POROSITY
 DISADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
ECONOMIC EFFLORESENCE
PLASTICITY LOW TENSILE STRENGTH
DURABILITY LOW STRENGTH TO
ENERGY - EFFICIENT WEIGHT RATIO
 Grade of concrete is defined as the minimum strength the concrete must posses
after 28 days of construction

M 5
M 25
M 50
GRADE
GRADE The desired grade is
20 45 70 chosen based on the
structural requirements
NORMAL GRADE STANDARD GRADE HIGH STRENGTH
GRADE

CUBE TEST
• Cubes of 15cm X 15cm X 15cm or 10cm X 10cm x
10cm depending upon the size of aggregate
• Poured in the mold and appropriately cured.

• Tested by compression testing machine after seven

days curing or 28 days curing
 PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE
TYPES
TYPES CEMENT + FINE AGGREGATE + COARSE AGGREGATE

1 : 5 : 10
CEMENT SAND AGGREGATE

USES
TO MAKE FOOTINGS IN FOUNDATIONS
FOR PLINTH PROTECTION
FOR COPING ON PARATPET WALLS
TO MAKE CONCRETE ROADS
 REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE
TYPES
TYPES PCC + REINFORCEMENT

M25 or above TMT STEEL BARS

Concrete is strong in compression
but weak in tension
Reinforcement changes the type of failure from
BRITTLE to DUCTILE

USES
FOR BEAMS, COLUMNS ETC
TO MAKE SLABS
FOR MAKING DAMS, SILOS, RETAINING WALLS ETC
 REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE
Adding TMT bars is a form of
PASSIVE REINFORCEMENT
TYPES
TYPES Cracks develop before it starts taking load.

ACTIVE REINFORCEMENT

Prestressed Concrete
Builds in compressive stresses
during construction
to oppose tensile stresses
experienced in use

Pre-tensioned Post-tensioned
THANK YOU
THANK YOU
THANK YOU