M.Sc. Ing.

Vladimir Aliendre

VIBRACIÓN LIBRE SOBREAMORTIGUADA

EJERCICIO 2.3 Derivar ecuación de movimiento para vibración libre sobreamortiguada. Para condiciones iniciales de
desplazamiento y velocidad en t = 0 (s), hallar solución a dos ecuaciones con dos incógnitas para valores de A y B. Graficar
ecuación de movimiento: tiempo (t) vs. desplazamiento (cm).

⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎞ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎞
t ⋅ ⎜⎝-ξ ⋅ wn + wn ⋅ ξ 2 - 1 ⎟⎠ t ⋅ ⎜⎝-ξ ⋅ wn - wn ⋅ ξ 2 - 1 ⎟⎠
u ((t)) ≔ A ⋅ e +B⋅e

⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ ⎞⎞
d ‾‾‾‾‾‾
ξ 2 - 1 - ξ ⋅ wn⎟⎠ ⎛ ⎞ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
ξ 2 - 1 + ξ ⋅ wn⎟⎠⎟⎠ ⎛ ⎞
⋅ ⎝wn ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾ ⋅ ⎝wn ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
t ⋅ ⎜w ⋅ -⎜t ⋅ ⎜w ⋅
―― ―A ⋅ e ⎝ n
u ((t)) → ξ 2 - 1 - ξ ⋅ wn⎠ - B ⋅ e ⎝ ⎝ n ξ 2 - 1 + ξ ⋅ wn⎠
dt

DATOS:
Razón de amortiguamiento crítico: ξ ≔ 1.20
Periodo: T ≔ 0.2 s
Tiempo: t≔0 s
Desplazamiento inicial: u ((t)) ≔ 2 cm
cm
Velocidad inicial: u' ((t)) ≔ 10 ⋅ ――
s
SOLUCIÓN:
2⋅π rad
Frecuencia natural libre: wn ≔ ―― wn = 31.416 ――
T s
Solver Restricciones Valores de prueba

A ≔ 1 cm
B ≔ 1 cm

⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎞ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎞
t ⋅ ⎜⎝-ξ ⋅ wn + wn ⋅ ξ 2 - 1 ⎟⎠ t ⋅ ⎜⎝-ξ ⋅ wn - wn ⋅ ξ 2 - 1 ⎟⎠
u ((t)) ＝ A ⋅ e +B⋅e
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ ⎞⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾
ξ 2 - 1 - ξ ⋅ wn⎟⎠ ⎛ ⎞ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
ξ 2 - 1 + ξ ⋅ wn⎟⎠⎟⎠ ⎛ ⎞
⋅ ⎝wn ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾ ⋅ ⎝wn ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
t ⋅ ⎜⎝wn ⋅ -⎜t ⋅ ⎜w ⋅
u′ ((t)) ＝ A ⋅ e ξ 2 - 1 - ξ ⋅ wn⎠ - B ⋅ e ⎝ ⎝ n ξ 2 - 1 + ξ ⋅ wn⎠

⎡A⎤ ⎡ A ⎤ ⎡ 2.809 ⎤
⎢⎣ B ⎥⎦ ≔ find ((A , B)) ⎢⎣ B ⎥⎦ = ⎢⎣ -0.809 ⎥⎦ cm

GRÁFICA:
t ≔ 0 s , 0.01 s ‥ 0.8 s
⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎞ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎞
t ⋅ ⎜⎝-ξ ⋅ wn + wn ⋅ ξ 2 - 1 ⎟⎠ t ⋅ ⎜⎝-ξ ⋅ wn - wn ⋅ ξ 2 - 1 ⎟⎠
u ((t)) ≔ A ⋅ e +B⋅e

2.2
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
u (t) (cm) 1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.08 0.16 0.24 0.32 0.4 0.48 0.56 0.64 0.72 0.8

t (s)