Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Apostila 2 (2022)
Apostila 2 (2022)
Apostila 2 (2022)
2022
(B) Faça uma leitura um pouco mais demorada; não é necessário se deter em detalhes. Responda às perguntas.
1- Especifique qual é o assunto do texto.
2- Quando ele foi postado online?
3- Considerando que ele é de origem americana, por que foi publicado nessa data?
4- Qual é sua fonte em termos gerais?
5- A que público-alvo é direcionado?
6- Qual é seu objetivo?
7- O texto é relevante, considerando-se seu objetivo e público-alvo? Por quê?
8- Que fator dá credibilidade ao tema abordado?
9- Por que o texto faz uso extensivo de aspas?
(C) Indique se as seguintes afirmativas são verdadeiras (V) ou falsas (F) em relação ao texto.
( ) 1- A psicóloga pediátrica Vanessa Jensen diz que os pais não precisam se preocupar quando
seus filhos apresentarem comportamentos estranhos depois de retornarem às aulas.
( ) 2- O stress da volta às aulas pode afetar igualmente crianças e adolescentes.
( ) 3- Os pais devem encorajar seus filhos a lhes contar quando há algo de errado na escola.
( ) 4- Quando os pais perceberem que não conseguem dar conta de possíveis dificuldades de
adaptação de seus filhos na escola, eles devem mudá-los de escola.
(D) Tente correlacionar as palavras sublinhadas nos trechos do texto com seus possíveis sinônimos.
1- It’s a new setting especially for kids … (l.1-2) ( ) entire
2- “It’s a whole new world, … (l. 4-5) ( ) change
3- It’s a huge shift from being in their small space at home … (l. 6-7) ( ) attitudes
4- “Think about the behaviors that he/she usually has when … (l. 12-13) ( ) environment, ambience
(B) Agora leia o texto e destaque as informações que coincidem com aquelas nas quais você já havia pensado.
(C) Indique as linhas onde são encontradas informações sobre os seguintes aspectos da cidade.
1- A origem do seu nome oficial.
2- As mudanças no seu status político-administrativo.
3- A diversidade de sua população.
4- Suas características econômicas atuais.
5- Sua reputação festiva.
(E) Revisando a gramática da língua inglesa, sublinhe os verbos encontrados nos trechos a seguir e indique se
eles se encontram (1) no presente (Simple Present); ou (2) no passado (Simple Past).
1- Rio de Janeiro is an icon of Brazil in the eyes of many people in the world; in reality its location,
architecture, inhabitants, and lifestyle make it highly unique. (l. 5-7)
2- The name was given to the city’s original site by Portuguese navigators who arrived on January 1,
1502, and mistook the entrance of the bay for the mouth of a river […] (l. 8-10)
3- Rio de Janeiro became the colonial capital in 1763 and was the capital of independent Brazil from 1822
until 1960, […] (l. 14-15)
4- […] during the annual pre-Lenten Carnival, which fills the city with music, singing, parties, balls, and
street parades of brilliantly costumed dancers […]. (l. 23-25)
5- Rio’s inhabitants […] represent a microcosm of Brazil’s ethnic diversity and include people of
European, African, and mixed ancestry. (l. 29-31)
6- […] Rio’s population grew primarily as a result of domestic migration, which in some years accounted
for two-thirds of the city’s increase, […] many people came from European countries […]. (l. 31-33)
(F) Revise também os sintagmas nominais. Observe o seguinte sintagma e sua formação, e tente traduzi-lo.
the world’s most beautiful and interesting urban center
artigo substantivo advérbio adjetivo conjunção adjetivo adjetivo substantivo
modificador modificador (grau modificador (elemento modificador modificador núcleo
superlativo) de ligação)
(G) Os sintagmas nominais quando mal aprendidos podem causar várias dificuldades na compreensão de um
texto. Tente, agora, traduzir, estes sintagmas encontrados no texto sobre o Rio de Janeiro.
1- the city’s original site (l. 8) 4- an important economic centre (l. 26)
2- Brazilian and foreign tourists (l. 21-22) 5- white man’s home (l. 28)
3- street parades of brilliantly costumed dancers (l. 24- 6- foreign-born immigrants (l. 33)
25) (há um pós-modificador ligado pela preposição of)
A city is a ____ where many people live closely together. City life has many ____. Cities bring together a
great variety of people from different backgrounds. They offer more ____, more schools, and more kinds of
activities than small towns and villages. But cities also can be dangerous and ____.
A city’s central ____ district, or downtown, usually has tall office buildings and big stores. The downtown
area is often the oldest part of the city. A city usually has one or more areas of factories and warehouses
(storage buildings) outside of downtown. Most of the city’s homes lie farther from downtown. Cities usually
have a variety of places for ____ and relaxation. These include museums, concert halls, ____, parks, and
sports arenas. Cities commonly have a public ____ system which includes buses, trains, and subways.
A city government usually includes a group of elected lawmakers called the city ____. Most cities also elect
a leader called a mayor. City governments provide many services. These include police protection, fire
fighting, hospitals, and ____.
Cities attract people looking for work, education, and other ways to improve their lives. But city life can
also be ____. Some people live in overcrowded housing. Others have no homes at all. They sometimes live on
city ____. Crowded living conditions in cities also lead to ____, traffic, and pollution.
About 5,500 years ago people in Mesopotamia (now Iraq) started the first cities. Some cities in ancient times
and in the Middle Ages (500–1500) were independent of any country. They were called city-states. Today
almost all cities belong to a particular country. The Industrial Revolution, which started in the late 1700s,
contributed to the ____ of cities. In the late 1800s architects invented new building methods that changed
the way cities looked. Tall buildings called ____ appeared in many cities. During the 1900s cities continued
to change growing so much to become Megalopolises.
(Adapted from https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/city/352965)
(C) No texto estão presentes três formas de passado. Observe o quadro a seguir.
Ação que ocorreu Ação que estava acontecendo no
Ação finita que narra o incidente
antes do incidente momento de determinado incidente
A vehicle had crashed a ... pole. … I spotted a car crash. I was driving home...
I pulled over ... and put on the
hazard lights.
… I had witnessed a car accident. I called 911 and told the
operator…
… I checked the condition of the … and she was crying.
crash victims… it was a woman…
Then, I noticed that… … she was bleeding.
… a policeman asked me some While the paramedics were
questions… helping the victim…
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE PAST PAST CONTINUOUS
(G) Choose, in each pair, the sentence which correctly makes reference to the text.
1- a) When Glenn and his cousin arrived at the site of the World Trade Center, the memorial had
already closed.
b) When Glenn and his cousin arrived at the site of the World Trade Center, the memorial was still
open.
2- a) The guard allowed Glenn to stay at the site after he explained who he was.
b) The guard refused to let Glenn stay at the site when he explained what he was doing there.
3- a) In September 2001, after she stopped her car, the author’s mother thought Glenn had not died in
the tower collapse.
b) In September 2001, at first, the author’s mother thought Glenn had died in the tower collapse.
4- a) Glenn was not pleased with his cousin’s company when they went to the Memorial.
b) Both Glenn and his cousin were gratified to have each other’s company when visiting the
Memorial.
One of the urban myths about traveling to Brazil which can make people put off
a visit is the question of safety and security. In fact, Brazil, including the main
cities of Rio, Salvador and São Paulo, is no more dangerous than any other place in
Europe or North America, and violent crimes against tourists or foreign visitors are
5 extremely rare. Brazil is also politically stable with no natural enemies and no
terrorist activities. The people are very friendly and, in tourist areas, many of them
can speak English.
But the visitor must be sensible and streetwise to have a trouble-free and enjoyable stay in Brazil.
Just as in London, Paris, New York or any other major metropolitan and tourist center, tourists may fall
10 victim to petty crimes in Brazilian cities. The most common of these crimes is robbery and the target is
usually the bag. So, the visitor should always leave travelers checks, passports and air tickets in the
hotel safe deposit box. Visitors should, however, carry some form of ID, such as a photocopy of their
passports, with them at all times.
(Adapted from www.gringoes.com/subcategoria)
(B) Agora, leia o texto e escolha a melhor opção de resposta para cada pergunta que se segue.
1- O texto tem como objetivo
a) sugerir que os turistas tirem o Brasil dos seus roteiros de viagem.
b) orientar os turistas sobre os melhores lugares para se visitar no Brasil.
c) dar dicas de segurança para quem quer visitar o Brasil.
2- Os problemas de criminalidade existentes no Brasil
a) só ocorrem com as pessoas locais, nunca com os turistas.
b) são comuns, também, em outras cidades do mundo.
c) só acontecem com os turistas pouco cautelosos.
3- Dentre as características positivas do Brasil apontadas no texto se encontra
a) a cordialidade do povo. b) o alto custo da hospedagem. c) sua beleza natural.
4- Os turistas no Brasil estão sujeitos a sofrer algum tipo de assalto. Os ladrões, geralmente, visam
a) às bolsas. b) aos cartões de crédito. c) às câmeras fotográficas.
5- Assinale o trecho do texto que expressa um conselho.
a) “...Brazil, including the main cities of Rio, Salvador and São Paulo, is no more dangerous than any
other place in Europe or North America…” (l. 2-4)
b) “The people are very friendly and, in tourist areas, many of them can speak English.” (l. 6-7)
c) “Visitors should, however, carry some form of ID, such as a photocopy of their passports, with
them at all times.” (l. 12-13)
(C) À esquerda encontram-se frases retiradas do texto; à direita, as mesmas frases sem determinados verbos.
Observe-as e tente identificar que significado foi acrescentado a elas pelos verbos em negrito.
1. One of the urban myths about traveling to One of the urban myths about traveling to Brazil
Brazil which can make people put off a visit is the which makes people put off a visit is the question of
question of safety and security. safety and security.
2. The people are very friendly and, in tourist The people are very friendly and, in tourist areas,
areas, many of them can speak English. many of them speak English.
3. But the visitor must be sensible and streetwise But the visitor is sensible and streetwise to have a
to have a trouble-free and enjoyable stay in Brazil. trouble-free and enjoyable stay in Brazil.
4. Just as in London, Paris, New York or any Just as in London, Paris, New York or any other
other major metropolitan and tourist center, tourists major metropolitan and tourist center, tourists fall
may fall victim to petty crimes in Brazilian cities. victim to petty crimes in Brazilian cities.
5. So, the visitor should always leave travelers So, the visitor always leaves travelers checks,
checks, passports and air tickets in the hotel safe passports and air tickets in the hotel safe deposit
deposit box. box.
(E) Veja o quadro geral com os principais verbos modais e indique as noções expressas em cada frase ao lado.
(F) Do texto acima, direcionado a turistas que desejam visitar os Emirados Árabes Unidos, transcreva o trecho
em que se encontra...
1- Uma possibilidade de exigência sanitária.
2- Uma recomendação de viagem para quem pretende ir aos Emirados.
3- Uma possibilidade de ocorrência de crime.
4- Uma recomendação geral de segurança.
5- Uma recomendação de segurança para as mulheres.
6- Uma dificuldade para as mulheres registrarem queixas contra abuso sexual.
7- Uma recomendação caso uma mulher sofra abuso sexual.
Do you like to travel? What places would you like to visit? Why?
S. Zivereska (Russia)
Yes, I love traveling. I have many dream destinations and to be honest I wish to travel all
around the world. However, the place that always comes to my mind first is Bora Bora Island, a
dream island. There you can forget about worries and everyday routines, and enjoy the genuine
beauty of God’s blessed nature. White sand, beautiful lagoons covered with different exotic
plants and flowers, clear water and rich submarine life.
P. Monteanu (Romania)
I will not say that I enjoy traveling. When I was young, family trips were always boring: same
place, same time of the year, same people. I was eager to grow up and see the world. Now I’m
18 and I want to study abroad. I expect to visit new places, to meet new people and make new
friends.
O. Fentsyk (Ukraine)
Everybody I know likes traveling. People can travel nowadays by plane, train, bus, car, bike.
There are so many options to get away. For me, though, homecoming is where magic happens.
People should know how nice it is to come back after a trip. It is all the memories that you
bring back, hanging photos on the walls and collecting souvenirs on the shelf.
M. Loumaha (Kuwait)
My dream place is Venice, Italy. Venice has always had a special place in my heart, I always
imagine myself enjoying the culture and the harmony of beauty over there. When I feel
depressed I just look at the pictures of Venice and close my eyes and start my own trip.
P. Cárdenas (Mexico)
My dream destination is in South America: the Galapagos Islands. I would like to go to the place
where Charles Darwin was able to conceive the theory of evolution, and see the wonders that he
saw while he was there.
H. Ladjabi (India)
Well, my destination is unique in its kind, it would be an island called Santorini, in Greece. The
island of Santorini is probably the most intriguing island of Greece: red and black sand beaches,
impressive traditional houses, balconies with view to the volcano, along with the remains of the
antiquity and the myth of Lost Atlantis.
A. Castillo (Spain)
Yes, I absolutely adore traveling. Mainly, because I love learning about new cities, the history,
the culture and the language(s) of the places I go to. If I had to choose which destination I
would like to visit next, it would be New York City. I don't really know when I'll be able to visit
New York, but when I do, I'll make sure that I'll stay there for good.
J. Manalaysay (Pakistan)
I would rather spend my time doing one of two things: reading books and traveling. My passion
to travel is second to none. Any place outside my home and out of the city is already traveling.
To learn about the culture of the place and to taste the food are things worth experiencing.
J'adore voyager. You guessed it right: my dream destination is France!
M. F. Souza (Brazil)
Sometimes traveling is hard. It can be stressful and expensive, but it's also necessary, at least
for me. It makes me feel free, and in control of my destiny. There's nothing like walking around
a city you don't know, looking for adventures. I have a very long list of dream places I’d like to
visit.
https://www.munplanet.com/questions/travel/do-you-like-to-travel-what-is-your-dream-spot-destination-and-why-would-you-like-to-visit-that-place
(B) Agora faça um scanning (leitura rápida em busca de informações específicas): leia os textos e indique
qual/quais aluno(a,s) fez/fizeram os seguintes comentários. E responda às perguntas a seguir.
1- Deseja visitar uma localidade na América do Sul. Por quê?
2- Interessado(a) no mito do continente perdido de Atlântida. Onde ele(a) pode vivenciar essa
experiência?
3- Deseja visitar lugares onde possa ficar em contato com a natureza. Onde?
4- Interessa(m)-se pelos costumes e cultura do país. Que lugares deseja(m) visitar?
5- Detestava(m) viajar quando criança; agora quer vivenciar novas experiências.
6- Acha(m) que uma das melhores coisas de uma viagem é a volta para casa? Por quê?
(D) Preste atenção às seguintes frases e às formas verbais sublinhadas. Que noções são passadas pelos verbos?
1- What places would you like to visit?
2- I will not say that I enjoy traveling. It was very boring when I was young.
3- I would like to go to the place where Charles Darwin conceived the theory of evolution.
4- My destination would be the island of Santorini, in Greece.
5- If I had to choose a destination I would choose New York City.
6- I don't really know when I'll be able to visit New York, but when I do, I'll make sure that I'll stay there
for good.
7- I have a very long list of dream places I’d like to visit.
(E) Os verbos WILL e WOULD também são modais auxiliares, mas têm um uso um pouco diferente dos
demais. Veja o quadro a seguir.
(F) Utilize os verbos modais will ou would (na forma adequada) para completar as seguintes frases.
1- If I had time, I _____ help you with your Math exercises.
2- _____ you, please, close that door? It’s very cold in here.
3- I tried and tried again to teach Helen how to drive, but she _____ learn it.
4- _____ your parents like to have dinner with us next Friday?
5- I’m sure he _____ get the job at that lawyer’s office.
6- _____ you like a cup of coffee?
7- I _____ travel around the world if I won in the lottery.
8- Stop crying, son! I _____ buy you that Teddy bear. Ok?
Future with GOING TO (I’m going to study) Simple Future (with WILL) (I will study)
a) Atividades planejadas para o futuro. d) Decisão de fazer algo no momento da fala.
b) Predições porque há evidências para isso. e) Solicitações, convites e ofertas.
c) Algo está prestes a acontecer. f) Esperança, expectativa, crença.
g) Promessa.
h) Recusa a fazer algo. (negativa)
(H) Em alguns casos tanto faz usar uma ou outra forma de futuro, porém, em outros, uma das formas é
preferível. Indique quais das noções listadas no quadro anterior são exemplificadas pelas seguintes frases.
1- Look at those dark clouds in the sky. It is going to rain.
2- Will you come to the cinema with me?
3- The window is open and it’s raining in. I’ll go and shut it.
4- I believe he will pass the exam.
5- Betty’s in a hurry because she is going to meet her brother at the train station.
6- That suitcase looks very heavy. I will help you.
7- I will stop spending money on card games and horse races.
8- I feel terrible. I think I am going to be ill.
9- Be careful! The bomb is going to explode!
10- I have an important meeting at the office in 20 minutes, but this car won’t start.
(A) Certamente, você já percebeu que o texto acima foi encontrado na Internet. Observe-o com atenção e faça
uma rápida leitura do seu conteúdo. Agora responda.
(B) Now, revise the Question Words in English and, then, answer the following questions in that language.
(F) A seguir você encontra textos retirados de outro fórum de discussão da Internet. Há a preocupação expressa
por uma mãe (Elsa) e a resposta dada por outra (Mary). Complete as lacunas com uma das formas
pronominais entre parênteses.
Hello, this is my first time writing something like this but _____ (I, me, you) have nowhere else to
turn. My mother is making _____ (I, me, she) feel bad about going on a 5-day cruise with my husband
and leaving the kids. Three months ago _____ (I, he, she) offered to keep the kids and now she is saying that
they - aged 9 and 6 - will resent _____ (I, we, us) for not taking _____ (they, him, them). I feel really bad
about not taking the kids but I know that _____ (he, we, us) need this to help our relationship. My husband
works too much and _____ (he, her, him) needs some relaxing rest. I love my mother and value her opinion,
but now with 2 weeks away _____ (I, she, they) is making me feel guilty. She said that the honeymoon is
over and now _____ (they, it, I) is time for just family vacations.
Elsa
Oh, just tell Mom that she did not leave _____ (me, you, she) when you were little, and now you
resent _____ (him, her, them) anyway, so you should go have fun without the kids. My husband and
_____ (I, me, him) have taken many trips without our kids. Trust _____ (I, me, him), it is wonderful.
And one day, your kids will be happy when _____ (you, she, he) leave. Go have fun and don't think another
thing about _____ (it, me, you).
Mary
(Abridged and adapted from (www.mamapedia.com/article/vacation-without-the-kids-dont-want-kids-to-resent-me)
(H) Escolha os vocábulos do quadro à direita que completam adequadamente cada frase.
ROMELU LUKAKU
Belgium
June 18, 2018
I was six years old, and I came home for lunch during our break at school. My
mum had the same thing on the menu every single day: Bread and milk. When
you’re a kid, you don’t even think about it. But I guess that’s what we could
afford.
5 Then this one day I came home, and I walked into the kitchen, and I saw my mum at the refrigerator
with the box of milk, like normal. But this time she was mixing something in with it. She was shaking it
all up, you know? I didn’t understand what was going on. Then she brought my lunch over to me, and
she was smiling like everything was cool. But I realized right away what was going on. She was mixing
water in with the milk. We didn’t have enough money to make it last the whole week. We were broke.
10 Not just poor, but broke.
My father had been a pro footballer, but he was at the end of his career and the money was all gone.
The first thing to go was the cable TV. No more football. No more Match of the Day. No signal.
Then I’d come home at night and the lights would be shut off. No electricity for two, three weeks at a
time.
15 Then I’d want to take a bath, and there would be no hot water. My mum would heat up a kettle on the
stove, and I’d stand in the shower splashing the warm water on top of my head with a cup.
There were even times when my mum had to “borrow” bread from the bakery down the street. The
bakers knew me and my little brother, so they’d let her take a loaf of bread on Monday and pay them
back on Friday.
20 I knew we were struggling. But when she was mixing in water with the milk, I realized it was over, you
know what I mean? This was our life.
I didn’t say a word. I just ate my lunch. But I swear to God, I made a promise to myself that day. It was
like somebody snapped their fingers and woke me up. I knew exactly what I had to do, and what I
was going to do.
25 I couldn’t see my mother living like that. Nah, nah, nah. I couldn’t have that. I kept my promise to
myself for a while. But then some days I’d come home from school and find my mum crying. So I finally
told her one day, “Mum, it’s gonna change. You’ll see. I’m going to play football for Anderlecht, and
it’s going to happen soon. We’ll be good. You won’t have to worry anymore.”
I was six. I asked my father, “When can you start playing professional football?” He said, “Sixteen.” I
30 said, “O.K., sixteen then.” It was going to happen. Period.
(Slightly adapted from https://www.theplayerstribune.com/articles/romelu-lukaku-ive-got-some-things-to-say)
(A) Dê uma rápida olhada no texto. A seguir, faça uma leitura superficial, Veja se você consegue perceber de
que trata o texto. Tente responder às perguntas.
1- Você conhece o personagem do texto? O que sabe sobre ele?
2- Que período de sua vida é retratado?
3- O texto faz uso extensivo da primeira pessoa do singular e apresenta um grande número de verbos nas
formas do passado. A que tipo textual pertence: descritivo, narrativo ou argumentativo?
(B) Após uma leitura mais detalhada, complete as frases a seguir com informações obtidas no texto.
1- Embora suas refeições geralmente consistissem apenas de ___________________, Lukaku percebeu
que sua família estava completamente sem dinheiro quando sua mãe __________________________.
2- Seu pai tinha sido um _________________, mas estava _________________.
3- Alguns dos fatos que serviram para confirmar a conclusão pessimista do menino foram a perda da TV a
cabo, ___________________________ e _____________________________.
4- Após observar sua mãe chorando algumas vezes, o jovem Lukaku _______________________.
(C) Faça comentários sobre a situação descrita no texto.
1- Que aspectos descritos mais chamaram sua atenção? Você se surpreendeu com essa narrativa? Já tinha
conhecimento desses fatos?
2- Como você avalia a atitude do jovem Lukaku ao final do texto?
(E) Vamos observar duas expressões encontradas no texto que são comumente usadas em inglês.
I’ve got some things to say (título) = I have some things to say.
But I guess that’s what we could afford. = But I guess (think) that’s what we had money to buy.
(1) Expressa uma ação específica e finita no (4) Expressa uma ação vista como um fato repetitivo
passado. ou como uma verdade cristalizada.
(2) Expressa uma ação em continuidade no (5) Expressa um hábito repetitivo no passado.
passado. (6) Expressa uma promessa.
(3) Expressa uma ação passada ocorrida (7) Expressa uma predição ou intenção futura.
anteriormente à outra ação passada.
( ) When you’re a kid, you don’t even think about it. (l. 3-4)
( ) Then this one day I came home, and I walked into the kitchen, and I saw my mum at the
refrigerator with the box of milk, like normal. (l. 5-6)
( ) She was mixing water in with the milk. (l. 8-9)
( ) We didn’t have enough money to make it last the whole week. (l. 9)
( ) My father had been a pro footballer, but he was at the end of his career and the money was all gone.
(l. 11)
( ) Then I’d want to take a bath, and there would be no hot water. (l. 15)
( ) There were even times when my mum had to “borrow” bread from the bakery down the street.
(l. 17)
( ) “Mum, it’s gonna change. ... I’m going to play football for Anderlecht, and it’s going to happen
soon. … You won’t have to worry anymore.” (l. 27-28)
( ) “Mum, … We’ll be good. You won’t have to worry anymore.” (l. 27-28)
(J) Tente inferir (descobrir com base no contexto) o significado dos seguintes verbos.
1- ... I realized it was over… (l. 20) 2- … enough money to make it last the whole week. (l. 9)
Introduction
Precipitation, evaporation, and transpiration are all terms that sound familiar, but may not mean much
to you. They are all part of the water cycle, a complex process that gives us water to drink, fish to eat,
and weather patterns that help plants grow.
5 Water is an integral part of life on this planet. It is an odorless, tasteless substance that covers more
than three-fourths of the Earth's surface. Most of the water on Earth, 97% to be exact, is salt water found
in the oceans. We cannot drink salt water or use it for plants because of the salt content.
Only about 3% of Earth's water is fresh. Two percent of the Earth's water (about 66% of all fresh water) is
in solid form, found in ice caps and glaciers. Because it is frozen and so far away, the fresh water in ice
10 caps is not available for use by people or plants. There is only about 1% of all the Earth's water in a form
useable to humans and land animals. This fresh water is found in lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, and in the
ground.
The Cycle
Water is constantly being cycled between the
15 atmosphere, the ocean and land. This cycling is a
very important process that helps sustain life on
Earth.
As the water evaporates, vapors rise and condense
into clouds. The clouds move over the land, and
20 precipitation falls in the form of rain, ice or snow.
The water fills streams and rivers, and eventually
flows back into the oceans where evaporation
starts the process again.
Water's state (solid, liquid or gas) is determined
25 mostly by temperature. Water continuously
changes states from solid to liquid to gas, but the
amount of water on Earth remains constant. There
is as much water now as there was hundreds of millions of years ago.
(Abridged and adapted from http://mbgnet.mobot.org/fresh/cycle/)
(C) Ainda com base no texto sobre “O Ciclo da Água”, escolha a melhor resposta para cada pergunta que se
segue.
1- O texto é do tipo
a) descritivo b) narrativo c) injuntivo d) dissertativo-argumentativo
2- Em termos de gênero textual, ele pode ser classificado como um(a)
a) resenha crítica. b) crônica. c) anúncio. d) texto de popularização da ciência.
3- O seu público-alvo é formado por
a) pessoas que já dominam o assunto. c) cientistas da área climática.
b) médicos e outros profissionais de saúde. d) pessoas que pouco sabem sobre o assunto.
(F) Agora faça a correspondência do nome da cidade com a descrição do tempo (para o dia de ‘hoje’).
1- Amsterdã ( ) Parcialmente ensolarado, claro e com temperatura amena.
2- Paris ( ) Fresco e nublado com expectativa de chuvas.
3- Roma ( ) Sol com nuvens e muito quente.
4- Atenas ( ) Parcialmente nublado, com temperatura amena.
5- Madri ( ) Mais chuvas e muito mais frio.
6- Bruxelas ( ) Nublado e fresco, com chuva leve.
(G) Organize as palavras abaixo de acordo com o grupo a que dizem respeito.
sun – (thunder)storm – breeze – warm – cloud – wind – showers – hurricane – cyclone – fair – rainfall
cool – rain – hot – snow – frost – cold – tornado – sunshine – bright – fog – hail – blizzard – dry – mist
TEMPERATURA SOL CHUVA VENTO OUTROS
(H) Complete cada frase usando duas das palavras entre parênteses.
1- It’s _____ cats and dogs. I’m tired of these _____ days. (rain / raining / rainy)
2- I love _____ Sundays. When the _____ is shining, I often go to the beach. (sun / sunny / sunshine)
3- Oh, what a _____! Rain, thunder, and lightning - I hate _____ weathers. (storm / stormy / bright)
4- The sky is covered with _____. This _____ day may indicate night showers. (clouds / cloudy / rainy)
5- The weather in London is usually _____, the English _____ is very famous. (fog / foggy / snow)
6- A _____ is formed when a tropical cyclone with _____ of over 119 km p/ hour occurs, usually
accompanied by rain, thunder, and lightning. (winds / windy / hurricane)
Environment
Environment is everything that is around us. It can be living or non-living things. It includes physical,
chemical and other natural forces. Since everything is part of the environment, we use the
word environment to talk about many things. People in different fields of knowledge use the word
environment differently. Electromagnetic environment is radio waves and other electromagnetic
5 radiation and magnetic fields. In psychology and in medicine, a person's environment means the people,
physical things and places that the person interacts with. The environment affects the growth and
development of the person. It affects the person's behavior, body, mind and heart.
The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things
occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial. The term is most
10 often applied to the Earth or some parts of Earth. This meaning of
environment encompasses the interaction of all living species, climate,
weather and natural resources that affect human survival and economic
activity. Natural environment is often used as a synonym for habitat.
In contrast to the natural environment there is the built environment. In
15 such areas where man has fundamentally transformed landscapes such as urban settings and
agricultural land conversion, the natural environment is greatly modified into a simplified human
environment. So, it is called an artificial environment.
Some people call themselves environmentalists. They think we must protect the natural environment
to keep it safe. Things in the natural environment that we value are called natural resources. For
20 example; fish, sunlight, and forests. These are renewable resources because they come back naturally
when we use them. Non-renewable resources are important things in the environment that are limited,
for example, ores and fossil fuels.
Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment and https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment)
(B) De acordo com o texto, corresponda as definições à direita com o termo a que dizem respeito.
( ) Meio-ambiente 1- ... são as coisas no ambiente natural que retornam quando
usadas pelo homem.
( ) Ambiente de uma pessoa 2- ... são coisas importantes, mas limitadas, que existem no
ambiente natural para uso pelo homem.
( ) Ambiente natural 3- ... são pessoas que acreditam que o ambiente natural deve ser
protegido para ser mantido seguro.
( ) Ambiente artificial 4- ... compreende a interação entre os seres vivos, o clima e os
recursos naturais.
( ) Ambientalistas 5- ... refere-se às pessoas, coisas e lugares que interagem com
uma pessoa e afetam seu desenvolvimento e comportamento.
( ) Recursos naturais renováveis 6- ... refere-se a locais onde a ação humana, como a urbanização
e a agricultura, modificou o ambiente natural.
( ) Recursos naturais não-renováveis 7- ... é tudo ao nosso redor; compreende seres vivos e não-vivos
e todas as forças físicas, químicas e outras forças naturais.
(C) Observe, no quadro, os vocábulos originais e os derivados encontrados no texto. Traduza esses últimos.
Palavra base Tradução Palavra derivada Tradução
1- To live viver living (l. 1)
2- To know conhecer knowledge (l. 3)
3- To grow crescer growth (l. 6)
4- To develop desenvolver development (l. 7)
5- To survive sobreviver survival (l. 12)
6- Agriculture agricultura agricultural (l. 16)
7- Great grande (em grandeza) greatly (l. 16)
8- New novo renewable (l. 20)
(H) Tente traduzir os termos sublinhados, que são usados para fazer a conexão das ideias no texto.
“Climates are changing because our Earth is warming, according to scientific researches. Does this contribute to
a warm summer day? It may. However, global climate change is actually much more complicated than that
because a change in the temperature can cause changes in other weather elements such as clouds or
precipitation.”
(A) O texto acima trata de um dos problemas ambientais mais discutidos atualmente. Leia seu título. O que
você sabe sobre esse problema? Pense a respeito. Agora, leia o texto e assinale se as afirmativas a seguir
são verdadeiras ou falsas e indique as linhas onde podem ser encontradas as informações que confirmam
sua escolha.
1- Na última década a temperatura média da Terra aumentou 1,4ºF.
2- Pequenas mudanças na temperatura média da Terra podem desencadear mudanças perigosas no clima.
3- Em muitos lugares do mundo, as consequências do aumento da temperatura média do planeta são
visíveis, pois há mudanças na ocorrência de chuvas, com grandes enchentes ou grandes secas.
4- As mudanças climáticas também podem ser percebidas nos oceanos, que estão se tornando mais frios e
mais ácidos.
5- Os gases estufa lançados na atmosfera são resultantes, basicamente, da queima de combustíveis fósseis
e de outras atividades humanas.
6- O fenômeno denominado ‘efeito estufa’ é natural e necessário para sustentar a vida na Terra.
7- Um clima mais quente pode vir a beneficiar a vida na Terra, tornando a agricultura mais produtiva e
aumentando o suprimento de água no planeta devido à maior ocorrência de chuvas.
8- Chegou-se a um ponto em que nada mais é possível fazer para reverter a atual tendência de
aquecimento do planeta.
(B) Correlacione os vocábulos e locuções do texto com suas traduções.
1- Shifts (l. 3) 9- Amounts (l. 14) ( ) Mudanças ( ) Saúde
2- Floods (l. 6) 10- Fossil fuels (l. 16) ( ) Geleiras ( ) Quantidades
3- Droughts (l. 6) 11- Buildup (l. 20) ( ) Aumento ( ) Calotas polares
4- Heat waves (l. 7) 12- Welfare (l. 21) ( ) Escolhas ( ) Ondas de calor
5- Glaciers (l. 8) 13- Water supplies (l. 24) ( ) Secas ( ) Níveis do mar
6- Ice caps (l. 9) 14- Health (l. 25) ( ) Segurança ( ) Bem-estar
7- Sea levels (l. 9) 15- Safety (l. 25) ( ) Enchentes ( ) Suprimentos de água
8- Challenges (l. 11) 16- Choices (l. 26) ( ) Desafios ( ) Combustíveis fósseis
(F) O Present Perfect pode ser traduzido, em português, pelo Presente ou pelo Pretérito Perfeito do Indicativo,
dependendo da noção que estiver expressando. Atenção ao fato de que, em inglês, o Simple Present
expressa uma constatação ou uma ação habitual no presente e o Simple Past expressa uma ação ocorrida no
passado (iniciada e encerrada no passado). Agora, traduza as seguintes frases adequadamente.
1- I’m sorry I’m late. How long have you been here?
2- Have you gone to the movies lately? - Yes, but I haven’t seen any really good films.
3- I haven’t played tennis for weeks: I haven’t had time.
4- They have just arrived from school.
5- Earth's average temperature has risen by 1.4°F over the past century.
6- Many places have seen changes in rainfall, resulting in more floods, droughts, or intense rain.
7- The planet's oceans and glaciers have also experienced some big changes.
8- Over the past century, human activities have released large amounts of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.
9- Human societies have adapted to the relatively stable climate we have enjoyed since the last ice age.
(G) Complete o texto a seguir com as formas verbais abaixo.
(1) have been / (2) ‘s traveled / (3) ‘s seen / (4) ’ve never been / (5) ‘ve visited
(6) have been married / (7) ‘s met / (8) has also eaten and drunk / (9) have had
“I think I ____ a very interesting life,” says Phil Norton (70), retired 5 years ago, who worked as a travel
agent for 42 years. “I____ to so many countries that I can't remember all of them. I____ Australia, Asia,
Europe and South Africa many times, but I____ to Africa.” Due to his occupation, he____ a lot of famous
people: politicians, artists and many international celebrities. Because he____ a lot, he____ a lot of
wonderful things and ____ some strange foods and drinks.
“But my family is the most important thing in my life. Louise and I ____ for forty years. I love my wife, kids
and grandchildren,” he concludes.
(Adapted from https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/2g30-old-colonel.php)
Instructions
1 Simplify your life. Often when you feel stressed and tired, you get
the impression that your life isn't what you want it to be. Try to
work fewer hours, purchase a smaller home, buy a less expensive car and, by all means, simplify your
10 life so that you spend less time paying for it and more time living it.
2 Be positive. Make an effort to be more grateful and happier about the things you have and cultivate a
positive outlook on your future. Wake up every morning glad to meet the day and ready to face it head
on, gathering the benefits of a positive attitude.
3 Do something you love. Wake up every day excited about things that will make your life better. This
15 may mean going to school for a different profession or training in something that you love. Believing you
can do something is half the battle.
4 Get a pet. A pet can offer a lot: companionship, love and exercise. All of these things can contribute
to a nicer life. Taking your dog for a walk is exercise, and exercise releases endorphins, which cause a
feeling of happiness. Studies also show that a pet can reduce stress and keep you healthy.
20 5 Eat healthier. Bad health and excess weight can contribute to a poor quality of life. Engaging in a
healthy diet and regular exercise can improve your health and make you feel better both physically and
mentally.
(Abridged from www.ehow.com/how_5185944_make-better-life.html)
(B) Leia o texto mais detalhadamente e selecione, dentre as abaixo, as sugestões feitas pela autora para que se
alcance o objetivo proposto.
1- Ter uma atitude mais positiva em relação ao presente e ao futuro.
2- Diminuir as horas de trabalho.
3- Comprar uma casa mais ampla e confortável e um carro mais moderno.
4- Acordar cedo todos os dias e realizar exercícios em agradecimento ao sol.
5- Fazer coisas das quais a pessoa goste.
6- Largar o emprego e começar uma nova vida longe da cidade.
7- Manter-se longe de animais que possam lhe causar stress ou problemas de saúde.
8- Arranjar um animal de estimação.
9- Levar o cachorro de um parente ou vizinho para passear.
10- Alimentar-se de maneira saudável e fazer exercícios regulares.
(C) Que forma verbal foi usada para introduzir as sugestões feitas pela autora? Por que essa forma verbal foi
usada? Retire quatro exemplos do corpo do texto (e não dos itens em destaque) e traduza-os.
(D) Correlacione as palavras do texto com suas traduções.
1- Relationships (l. 3) 5- Glad (l. 12) ( ) contente, alegre ( ) meio, metade
2- Perhaps (l. 5) 6- Half (l. 16) ( ) talvez ( ) perspectiva
3- Tired (l. 6) 7- Healthy (l. 19) ( ) cansado (a) ( ) saudável
4- Outlook (l. 12) 8- Weight (l. 20) ( ) peso ( ) relacionamentos
(G) Leia o texto abaixo e sublinhe os adjetivos que se encontram no grau comparativo (são 3) e circule os que
estão no grau superlativo (são 7). Traduza-os.
Dark chocolate has a lot of benefits. Chocolate comes from the seed of a tropical tree; raw chocolate
(or cacao) contains the highest levels of antioxidants of any food on Earth. However, the chocolate
consumed in western cultures comes in the form of highly processed and refined milk chocolate, with
fewer benefits than the dark varieties.
It contains important antioxidants called phenols, which can decrease blood pressure and improve your
cholesterol ratio. Women who consume greater amounts of antioxidants like those in dark chocolate have
higher bone mineral density levels, which prevent osteoporosis, than those who don’t consume much
chocolate.
Dark chocolate can be useful in improving brain function making people less fatigued and less sleepy;
and it may help to increase performance in tasks that require an alert mind.
When you choose a dark chocolate bar, remember that raw chocolate is the least processed and most
nutritious type of chocolate, although it’s not as tasty as typical dark chocolate bars.
One of the easiest ways to add the benefits of raw chocolate to your daily routine is by using it as an
ingredient in a smoothie. It is the best way to get you going in the morning and keep you going.
(Adapted from www.antioxidants-for-health-and-longevity.com/benefits-of-dark-chocolate.html)
Common Cold
The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract (nose and throat). Any one of
hundreds of viruses can cause a common cold, but rhinoviruses are the most common culprits. It is
possible to get a cold at any time of the year. Viruses that cause colds spread through the air and upon
contact. Thus, avoiding contact with infected individuals and washing hands often help to reduce the
5 risk of common cold.
Symptoms usually appear one to three days following exposure to a cold-causing virus and then last 7 to
10 days. Common cold symptoms include sore throat, congestion, runny nose, coughing, and sneezing.
These symptoms may be accompanied by low-grade fever, mild headache, and slight body aches.
Both the common cold and influenza (the flu) are contagious respiratory illnesses with similar
10 symptoms. However, cold and flu are caused by different viruses and, in general, flu symptoms are
worse than common cold symptoms. Additionally, fever, body aches, extreme tiredness, and dry cough
are more common and intense with the flu. Serious illness and complications can develop from the flu,
such as pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus and ear infections, and even death.
If flu is suspected (e.g., fever, aches, chills) and symptoms persist (fever lasting longer than three days
15 or cough continues for several weeks), it is recommended to seek a doctor.
The nutrition information presented here refers only to the common cold.
(B) Corresponda cada item numerado com os termos que lhe dizem respeito. (Há parênteses a mais.)
1- Causa(s) do resfriado ( ) Garganta irritada ( ) Morango ( ) Lavar bem as mãos
2- Sintoma(s) do resfriado ( ) Tosse seca intensa ( ) Dor nos olhos ( ) Febre duradoura
3- Sintoma(s) da gripe ( ) Filé de costela ( ) Vírus ( ) Feijão preto
4- Precaução(ões) ( ) Cansaço extremo ( ) Calafrios ( ) Nariz escorrendo
5- Fonte(s) de vitamina C ( ) Evitar contato com ( ) Ovos ( ) Dura de sete a dez
6- Fonte(s) de zinco pessoas infectadas ( ) Pelo ar dias
What is Chikungunya?
By Ingrid Strauch (Medically Reviewed by Robert Jasmer, MD)
Chikungunya is a (1)____ infection that’s spread among humans by (2)____that carry the virus. The
infection is known for the sudden high (3)____and severe joint (4)____ or stiffness it can cause.
Other common (5)____ of chikungunya include rash, muscle pain, (6)____, nausea, and fatigue.
Most people recover fully from chikungunya and become (7)____to it for life. However, the pain may last
for (8)____or recur months later.
In up to 15 percent of cases, it may become (9)____, lasting years. As a result, chikungunya can sometimes
be misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis.
There is currently no cure or (10)____for chikungunya. Treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms.
(Adapted from https://www.everydayhealth.com/chikungunya/guide/)
(E) Volte sua atenção para a formação de palavras em inglês. Transcreva dos textos lidos palavras formadas por
prefixação ou sufixação a partir dos vocábulos dados abaixo e complete a tabela.
Classe Palavra Classe
Palavra dada Tradução Tradução
gramatical derivada gramatical
1- virus substantivo viral adjetivo
2- to expose expor(-se)
3- to run verbo escorrendo
4- ill adjetivo
5- tired substantivo
6- structure
7- to infect infeccionar
8- full completo advérbio
9- to diagnose verbo misdiagnosed verbo
10- to treat tratamento
(F) O estudo dos sufixos tem uma importância muito grande no que diz respeito ao enriquecimento do
vocabulário. Por exemplo, se você conhece o verbo to add (acrescentar, adicionar), por meio do
conhecimento da formação sufixal, você deverá ser capaz de identificar o significado de addition (adição),
de additional (adicional) e de additionally (adicionalmente, ou melhor, além disso).
(G) Vamos rever alguns sufixos formadores de substantivos e adjetivos, que são em maior número. Traduza as
palavras a seguir.
Substantivos formados por sufixação Adjetivos formados por sufixação
1- Scientist 7- Stardom 13- Scientific 19- Tasty
2- Darkness 8- Parallelism 14- Musical 20- Honorary
3- Civility 9- Citizenship 15- Curable 21- Cautious
4- Childhood 10- Maintenance 16- Useful 22- Picturesque
5- Disappointment 11- Warmth 17- Useless 23- Decisive
6- Coverage 12- Arrival 18- Childish 24- Coastal
(A) Faça uma rápida leitura (skimming) do texto e informe qual é seu assunto.
(B) O texto é composto de quatro parágrafos. Indique a que parágrafo corresponde cada uma das afirmativas a
seguir. (Sobra uma afirmativa.)
( ) Atualmente, serviços que oferecem filmes sob encomenda ameaçam a ida de público aos cinemas.
( ) Devido ao surgimento dos serviços de streaming ou daqueles por encomenda, é possível dizer que os
dias de existência do cinema estão contados.
( ) Alguns estúdios já estão diminuindo o prazo entre a exibição de seus filmes no cinema e nos serviços
por assinatura ou até lançando seus produtos diretamente nesses serviços.
( ) Após um declínio de público causado pelo surgimento da televisão, o cinema conseguiu ganhar certo
estímulo graças a novas tecnologias.
( ) Sempre haverá espaço para o cinema, mas há muitos desafios que a indústria cinematográfica deve
enfrentar nos tempos atuais.
(C) Correlacione as palavras encontradas no texto com suas traduções.
1- entertainment (l. 1) 6- viewer (l. 12) ( ) radio difusor ( ) ameaças
2- broadcaster (l. 2) 7- rights (l. 14) ( ) espectador ( ) desafios
3- threats (l. 6) 8- challenges (l. 18) ( ) presença ( ) direitos
4- content (l. 7) 9- screen (. 20) ( ) variedade ( ) tela
5- attendance (l. 9) 10- range (l. 21) ( ) entretenimento ( ) conteúdo
(D) Vamos observar algumas palavras do texto que foram formadas por prefixação e/ou sufixação. Traduza-as.
1- Initial (adj.) (adv.) Initially (l. 7)
2- Avail (n.) available (adj.) (abstract n.) Availability (l. 8)
3- To deny (v.) deniable (adj.) undeniable (adj. neg.) (adv.) Undeniably (l. 8)
4- Month (n.) (adj.) Monthly (l. 10)
5- To exclude (v.) exclusive (adj.) (adv.) Exclusively (l. 14)
(abstract n.) Subscription (l. 10)
6- To subscribe (v.) {
(concrete n.) Subscriber (l. 15)
7- History (n.) historic/ historical (adj.) (adv.) Historically (l. 16)
8- Doubt (n.) (adv. neg.) Undoubtedly (l. 19)
(F) Agora escolha, entre as noções escritas em maiúsculas, aquela que é expressa pelos marcadores discursivos
sublinhados nos trechos do texto.
1- There are, however, many threats to the industry. (É necessário fazer a relação com o parágrafo
anterior.) CONTRASTE / CAUSA
2- Streaming services such as Netflix and Amazon Prime, after initially buying content from others, …
ÊNFASE / EXEMPLIFICAÇÃO TEMPO / CAUSA
3- In addition, movie studios now have more choice when deciding how to distribute content.
ACRÉSCIMO DE IDEIAS / FINALIDADE TEMPO / CONSEQUÊNCIA
4- Many movie studios now sell content directly to video streaming services or have cut down the time
the film will be exclusively in the cinema before the rights can be sold to a streaming service.
CONTRASTE / TEMPO
5- There is also the case of Disney who has built up an impressive direct to consumer platform of over
100 million subscribers in little over a year.
ACRÉSCIMO DE IDEIAS / CONDIÇÃO
6- Cinema isn’t dead, but it’s severely wounded, and has challenges to face.
CONTRASTE / COMPARAÇÃO
7- … watching the latest James Bond film at home may not have the same impact as seeing it on the big
screen with surround sound, for example. COMPARAÇÃO / EXEMPLIFICAÇÃO
(G) Complete o texto a seguir usando as palavras e expressões abaixo.
Indeed – services – release – big screen – when – thanks to – such as – However – easier – phenomenon
Netflix vs Cinema: who’s gonna win?
Capucine Lalliard
Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney +… The days are long gone _____ we had to go to the
cinema to see a film or buy it on DVD. Nowadays, _____ the internet and the
development of streaming services we have access to a large choice of TV shows, films
and documentary films directly from our living room.
_____, what is the future of cinema in all this? With the easy access to streaming services without having to
leave our homes, we might wonder how cinemas can cope.
Since the 1990s we can see that movie theaters have become more and more popular in particular thanks to
the _____ of blockbusters and new technologies _____ special effects. Nevertheless, in the 2000s, a new
_____ arrived with the development of internet: streaming. _____, with the development of internet, it
became _____ to have access to films for free through streaming. Streaming _____ became quickly an enemy
of the cinema and so movie theaters have to find a way to face the competition and how streaming services
managed to surpass the _____.
(Adapted from https://medium.com/digital-society/netflix-vs-cinema-whos-gonna-win-bd0903989867)
(A) Correlacione as palavras e expressões do texto com as afirmativas que a elas se referem.
( ) Refer to some pranks involving these products played by kids on
1- Halloween (l. 1) Halloween.
2- Trick-or-treaters (l. 2) ( ) A sweet that tastes of peppermint.
3- Mint(s) (l. 2) ( ) A particular area of a city or town.
4- Egged or toilet-papered (l. 4) ( ) Something special you give someone because he/she will enjoy it.
5- Treat(s) (l. 5) ( ) Refer to some types of popular costumes kids wear on Halloween.
6- Neighborhood (l. 8) ( ) The festival celebrated on the night of October 31st in the US.
7- Elsas and Batmen (l. 20) ( ) Children who, dressed in costumes, go from house to house asking
for sweets on Halloween.
(B) Com base no texto, selecione a melhor opção de resposta para cada pergunta.
1- O texto tem como objetivo orientar as pessoas......
a) sobre como agir nos dias que antecedem a comemoração do Halloween.
b) quanto a dúvidas sobre o comportamento adequado para crianças no Halloween.
c) sobre a quantidade de doces e balas que elas devem comprar para distribuir no Halloween.
2- Segundo o texto, um cenário indesejado para uma casa de subúrbio no Halloween, além do fato de
poder sofrer vandalismo com ovos e papel higiênico, é.......
a) a possibilidade de ficar cedo demais sem doces para distribuir.
b) a visão de crianças fantasiadas chorando à sua porta.
c) a decepção na cara das crianças que não podem comer doces.
3- São vários os fatores que devem ser considerados para evitar que o problema discutido no texto
aconteça. Entre eles, se encontra(m)......
a) comparar se sua casa está mais ou menos ornamentada que a dos vizinhos.
b) imbuir-se do espírito da festividade e também participar da peregrinação com as crianças.
c) avaliar o número de crianças na vizinhança e a frequência com que tocam a campainha da casa.
4- Um fator que pode fazer com que o número de crianças nas ruas seja menor é......
a) a presença da polícia. c) o clima instável.
b) a falta de doces nos mercados.
(E) Escolha o termo entre parênteses que completa cada frase adequadamente.
1- You were really hungry; you’ve eaten ____ orange, a banana and a pear. (a / an / some)
2- She went to the supermarket and bought _____ vegetables. (a / a lot of / much)
3- How _____ did you pay for that new car? (many / much / some)
4- She’s quite shy; she doesn’t have _____ friends. (some / much / many)
5- Please, put _____ sugar in my tea; my level of glucose in the blood is very high. (few / much / little)
6- I had asked my students to prepare a report on the oil spill accident, but sadly _____ of them did it.
(little / many / few)
7- Do you receive _____ financial support for your research? (many / any / a few)
8- I heard you had a lot of pets! – A lot? No, I have just _____ pets. (much / any / a few)
ATENÇÃO: many, much são quantificadores, usados com substantivos (many books, much water),
enquanto very é um intensificador, usado com adjetivos e advérbios (very good, very far).
(F) Complete o texto a seguir com os vocábulos que se encontram no quadro abaixo.
balloons – rural – shirts – drinks – months – colored – food – straw
Festa Junina is celebrated in Brazil during the ______ of June and July in reverence to catholic saints. It
celebrates ______ life with typical clothes, food and dances inside an arraial: a large circular area made of
raw materials. The arraial is usually decorated with ______ flags, checkered table cloths and ______. The
most common clothes are checkered ______ or dresses and ______ hats. The ______ is one of the best parts
of the party: canjica, corn, pé-de-moleque and cake are common, with ______ including cachaça and wine.
(Adapted from https://theculturetrip.com/south-america/brazil/articles/the-top-5-festivals-in-brazil-that-you-have-to-know/)
Dreams can seriously mess up with your head. Do you ever wake up in the middle of the night after
dreaming about dying? Or having the feeling you’re going to fall off the bed? It can totally freak you
out. But most dreams have a pretty simple explanation.
Dreams are your brain trying to process events or interactions that have occurred during the past 24-48
5 hours. Your brain is trying to compare these experiences with past experiences and make sense of it all.
We spoke to a dream analyst about the most common dreams and what they mean.
1. Being unprepared for an exam
If you look back over the past 1-2 days, was there a situation where you felt unprepared for something?
It might be a presentation, or a conflict with a friend. The dream reveals your feelings of vulnerability
10 about not being prepared. Usually if you have this kind of dream, you’re the kind of person who usually
performs well and is always well-prepared.
2. Being chased
You’re being followed and you’re running away from the thing chasing you. This could mean that you’re
running away from a problem that you’ve been avoiding. The problem might be smaller than it is in
15 your imagination and you might be ready to face it.
3. When you’re busting, but you can’t find a toilet
When people wake up after having this kind of dream, they usually realize they don’t actually need to
go to the bathroom. This usually means you want to release something or someone. It can also just
mean that you need some space and privacy.
20 4. Death
Dreams about death are very common. Dreaming about death often means that you feel something is
coming to an end in your life. How you react to the death in the dream can tell you a lot. But, pay
attention, just because someone is dying in a dream, it doesn’t necessarily mean that’s going to happen
in real life.
25 5. Falling
It’s dependent on the feeling you get when you are falling. If you’re falling and it’s horrible, look at the
past 1-2 days before the dream. If you’ve been going through some changes, it could mean you’ve been
feeling things changing. If the feeling is positive, that means you’ve let go of something and you realize
that change is a good thing.
30 6. An out-of-control vehicle
If you’re in the car, it’s probably reflecting the fact that things are out of control.
7. Being naked in public
We’ve all had that dream where we’re at work or in a busy public place when all of a sudden we realize
we’ve forgotten to get dressed! The way we react to this in our dreams is key to working out the
35 meaning. If you’re embarrassed at your nakedness, this symbolizes a vulnerability or embarrassment at
a secret you are keeping from people close to you. On the other hand, if you are walking down the
street completely naked and nobody pays attention to you, this means that you don’t need to worry so
much about things.
8. Being lost
40 Dreams where you are lost or are trying to find something can be very frustrating. The main indication
of a dream like this is that you feel ‘lost’ in some aspect of your life. Have you been worrying about
where your career is going? Or, perhaps you’re concerned about how a relationship with another person
has changed lately.
(Adapted from https://www.goodtoknow.co.uk/wellbeing/what-do-my-dreams-mean-71645 and https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/mind/a-dream-expert-
explains-what-the-most-common-dreams-really-mean/news-story/e16f2ce37bbf759b1568da1769b1a9f2)
(A) Você costuma sonhar muito? Segundo especialistas, nós sonhamos todas as noites, mas nem sempre nos
recordamos de nossos sonhos. Você tem algum sonho recorrente? Bem, talvez o texto acima consiga
esclarecer alguns dos seus sonhos. Leia-o e verifique se ele trata de algum sonho que você já tenha tido.
Maria L. O. T.
T.
Pedro H. F. E.
(D) Façamos, agora, uma rápida revisão dos tempos verbais que você já estudou. Observe as frases retiradas do
texto e os verbos sublinhados. Indique que noção está sendo expressa pelo verbo e o nome do tempo verbal.
( )
Do you ever wake up in the middle of the night after dreaming about dying? (l. 1-2)
( )
Your brain is trying to compare these experiences with past experiences and make sense of it all. (l. 5)
( )
We spoke to a dream analyst about the most common dreams and their meanings. (l. 6)
( )
The dream reveals your feelings of vulnerability about not being prepared. (l. 9-10)
( )
You’re being followed and you’re running away from the thing chasing you. (l. 13)
( )
This usually means you want to release something or someone. (l. 18)
( )
But, pay attention, just because someone is dying in a dream, it doesn’t necessarily mean that’s going
to happen in real life. (l. 22-24)
( ) If the feeling is positive, that means you’ve let go of something and you realize that change is a good
thing. (l. 28-29)
( ) We’ve all had that dream where we’re at work or in a busy public place when all of a sudden we
realize we’ve forgotten to get dressed! (. 33-34)
( ) On the other hand, if you are walking down the street completely naked and nobody pays attention to
you, this means that you don’t need to worry so much about things. (l. 36-38)
(E) Nesse mesmo texto aparece um tempo verbal novo. Observe os exemplos e tente entender seu uso.
1- If you’ve been going through some changes, it could mean you’ve been feeling things changing. (l. 27-
28)
2- Have you been worrying about where your career is going? (l. 41-42)
PRESENT PERFECT (F) Tente traduzir os exemplos acima e os demais que se seguem.
CONTINUOUS
1- It has been raining non-stop since last night.
have/ has + been + ___ing 2- My God, Becky, what have you been doing with those crayons?
Enfatiza que uma ação ini-
3- He has been waiting for her for two hours and she hasn’t come
yet.
ciada no passado ou seu
4- I’ve been working on this environmental impact report for days.
efeito, provavelmente, conti-
5- They have been doing it for hours, but they haven’t finished yet.
nuam até o presente.
6- She’s been living in London since January.
(B) Match the words from the text with their translations.
1- To accomplish (l.1) 7- Regardless (l. 17) ( ) Seguir, buscar ( ) Tangíveis, Reais
2- Thoughts (l. 2) 8- Willing (l. 18) ( ) Fé ( ) Eventos, Acontecimentos
3- Goals (l. 5) 9- Reach (l. 20) ( ) Aqueles ( ) Disposto, Preparado
4- To pursue (l. 9) 10- Step (l. 21) ( ) Passo ( ) Objetivos, metas
5- Tangible (l. 11) 11- Ones (l. 24) ( ) Pensamentos ( ) Independentemente
6- Faith (l. 17) 12- Happenings (l. 27) ( ) ( ) Realizar, Alcançar
(C) Indicate if the statements below are true or false according to the text.
1- Everybody has dreams in life and many people give them up when they find obstacles ahead.
2- It’s better to have easy dreams; otherwise your dreams will be a failure.
3- In order to really pursue a dream, you should make it a priority.
4- If you think you can’t achieve your goal in life, you should stop dreaming.
5- In order to make a dream come true, you must always pay attention to what other people say.
(D) Now try to write a short paragraph about your main goal in life. Here are some suggestions to help you.
I dream of __ing Get a good job Be a/an Have Follow my studies at the University
I’d like to Get married soon Buy a/an Travel to Take a technical course on
(E) Based on the text, check the best answer for the questions that follow.
1- Positive thinking can have effects on a person’s
a) physical looks. c) welfare.
b) personality traits. d) office management.
2- Among the benefits related to positive thinking is/are NOT included
a) the possibility of a longer life. c) a smaller proportion of depression cases.
b) health issues and lack of appetite. d) better skills to deal with difficult situations.
3- In order to become more positive, a person should
a) abandon old habits and find new ones. c) have a healthier life style and find new friends.
b) start making jokes at everything. d) be patient and practice positive thinking.
(F) Identify if the statements below refer to positive (P) or negative (N) self-talk and thinking.
( ) 1- It's too complicated.
( ) 2- I wasn't able to fit it into my schedule, but I can re-examine some priorities.
( ) 3- It's an opportunity to learn something new.
( ) 4- Let's take a chance.
( ) 5- I'm not going to get any better at this.
( ) 6- I'll give it another try.
( ) 7- There's no way it will work.
( ) 8- I don’t understand it; I’m too dumb to learn it.