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Module 6 Mendelian Genetics
Module 6 Mendelian Genetics
Module 7
Learning Objectives
• Predict the genotypes and phenotypes
of parents and their offspring using
Mendel’s laws of inheritance
• Explain the principles of dominance,
segregation, and independent
assortment
Genetics
➢The scientific study of genes
and how they affect heredity.
GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL
➢ an Austrian monk,
teacher and biologist.
Known for his garden
pea experiments and
the father of modern
genetics.
➢ Formulates the laws of
inheritance.
Genes
• A gene is a piece of DNA consisting
of many nucleotides that codes for
some gene product.
Pea Plant (pisum sativum)
Rationale
1. The pea plants generated large
numbers of seeds.
2. Mendel noticed that his pea plants
had relatively shorter generation.
3. Mendel found that his pea plants had
easily observable and distinctive
characteristics.
Important terms in genetics
Term Meaning
Allele One of two or more alternative forms of a gene
Heterozygous Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait (ex.: Tt - hybrid of a
certain trait)
Homozygous Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait [ex. TT
(homozygous dominant and tt (homozygous recessive)]
Phenotype Observable characteristics of an individual
• F2 generation- generation
produced by interbreeding
individuals of the F1
generation
Rule of Thumb of Mendelian Genetics
Phenotypic Ratio: 9 black hair & brown eyes : 3 black hair & blue eyes :
3 blonde hair and brown eyes : 1 blonde hair and blue eyes (9:3:3:1)
MENDEL’S LAW OF
INHERITANCE
(LAW OF SEGREGATION, LAW OF INDEPENDENT
ASSORTMENT, & LAW OF DOMINANCE)
1. LAW OF SEGREGATION