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Final Research Paper - III
Final Research Paper - III
A Thesis
In partial fulfillment
Researchers:
MAEGAN CADAGDAGON
BENEDICK BEREDICO
UZZIEL BERIN
May 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL I
ABSTRACT II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT III
DEDICATION IV
LIST OF TABLES V
LIST OF FIGURES VI
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1
1.5 Assumptions 5
1.6 Hypothesis 5
2.3 Synthesis 18
3.3 Respondents 20
5.1 Summary 27
5.2 Findings 32
5.3 Conclusion 32
5.4 Recommendation 33
LETTERS 36
BIBLIOGRAPHY 59
CURRICULUM VITAE 69
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
As the list of researchers below finished and passed the title defense under our
We, the undersigned, recommend that the research completed by the students listed
above in the partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Accountancy, Business and
Management and General Academic Strand, be accepted by the Senior High School
Department for deposit in the Library of King Thomas Learning Academy, Inc.
i
ABSTRACT
preferences and their implications for the learning systems of grade 11 ABM students at
King Thomas Learning Academy Inc. This study specifically sought to answer the
following: 1.) what is the respondents' geographic profile in terms of age, sex, number of
people in the household and geographic location? 2.) What are the gadgets used in
order to attend online classes? 3.) What are the difficulties or obstacles that are faced by
the respondents during online classes? 4. Which mode of learning did the respondents
deem the most effective in raising their academic performance? The quantitative design
was used in this study to determine students' learning modalities preferences and their
implications for the learning system of grade 11 ABM students at King Thomas Learning
Academy Inc. The research study was held at King Thomas Learning Academy.
The respondents were Grade 11 ABM students, and they were randomly
selected. The research instrument used is an online survey questionnaire. The data
needed to support the present study has been created and validated. The statistical
treatments used were: frequency count, ranking technique, and weighted mean.
Findings showed that the overall weighted mean of the geographic profile of students in
terms of age and sex was 52.6%. The findings showed that most of the 30 respondents,
the majority of the students, used smartphones. Using the weighted mean, the difficulties
or obstacles that are faced by the respondents during online classes is unstable internet
connection, which has a value of 47.4%. The modular mode of learning is the one the
respondents deem the most effective in raising their academic performance, which has
an overall weighted mean of 78.9%. The hypothesis of this study was that there is no
agreement on the mode of learning that the respondents deem the most effective in
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
people who helped them in any manner, who have shared the effort and
Whatever has been accomplished and whatever has been the product of
every endeavor, there is a great source of all effort, striving, guidance, and
gracious blessings without which this task would have been impossible.
The researchers wish to express their heartfelt gratitude to all those who
assisted them in whatever way, sharing their time and knowledge in order to
Whatever has been completed and the result of every effort, there is a
great source of all work, struggle, guidance, and gracious favors without whom
We'd like to thank Sir Francis San Antonio, our research teacher, for his
and research. Throughout the research and writing of this thesis, his advice has
been invaluable. For our research project, we couldn't have asked for a better
We are grateful to our panelists, Ms. Mary Joyce N. Ramos and Sir Jay
Leonil S. Camo, who were instrumental in the completion of this study. The
ii
appears to be an impossible task. Thank you for your time, suggestions, and
thesis.
to answer our questionnaire for the success of our research, all of you are greatly
appreciated.
To all relatives, friends, and others who in one way or another shared their
Above all, thanks to the Great Almighty, the source of all knowledge and
We thank you.
The Researchers
iii
DEDICATION
This work is the fruit of countless and arduous sacrifices. Through the
researchers’ efforts, this work is heartily and proudly dedicated to the people who serve
as inspiration. This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved parents, who have
been our source of inspiration and gave us strength when we thought of giving up, and
who continually provide their moral, spiritual, emotional, and financial support.
To our brothers and sisters, relatives, mentors, friends, and classmates who
To Mr. Francis San Antonio, our research adviser, for his amazing work and
patience in guiding us through the research and assisting us in better understanding the
main topics. Furthermore, we thank our classmates for their words of advice and
To the faculty and staff of King Thomas Learning Academy, Inc. for supporting
Lastly, we humbly dedicate this case study to the enhancement of senior high
school students in making this study. Hence, the contents of this study should be able to
provide data for future researchers and studies in the area covered.
And, most importantly, to our greatest creator, Almighty God, who has showered
us with His blessings in our daily lives, particularly for the strength, courage, patience,
The Researcher
iv
LIST OF TABLES
v
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
1. Conceptual Framework 9
2. Theoretical Framework 10
vi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
to-face training. The issues surfaced about a year after it was introduced. The
students became aware of the financial costs associated with the holding of
order to fulfill the requirements for virtual or online classes. It’s also evident that
occurs, the most important subjects for students to understand are those that are
well-known. The methods or techniques used by teachers should also reflect the
In general, the purpose of this study was to determine the various learning
1
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine and seek to answer the following questions:
a.) Age
b.) Sex
a.) Smartphone
b.) Laptop
c.) Computer
d.) Tablet/iPad
3. What are the difficulties or obstacles that are faced by the respondents
a.) Noise
4. Which mode of learning did the respondents deem the most effective in
2
a.) Traditional
b.) Online
The following are the objectives of the study entitled "Learning Modality
Preferences: Its Implications for the Learning System of Grade 11 SHS Students
Academy Inc.
so that they can keep updated and continues learning from their
homes.
3
Scope and Delimitation
This study concentrates on the impact of this new mode of learning, which
the learning modality preferences call "its implications for the learning systems of
Since both teachers and students are all groping with a new style of learning, the
efficiency of this study will indicate the effectiveness of the said mode of learning.
research will not include all strands at King Thomas Learning Academy Inc.’s
Senior High School, including STEM, GAS, HUMMS, and TVL pupils.
ASSUMPTIONS
mics or cameras.
4
4. The mode of learning that the respondents seem the most effective in
HYPOTHESIS
the mode of learning that the respondents deem the most effective in raising
academic performance.
Definition of Terms
The following words used in the study are defined operationally by the
by being taught. In this study, it refers to the skills of students to have knowledge
mode of learning they prefer in order to learn comfortably based on their choice.
5
IMPLICATIONS. The effect that an action or decision will have on something
else in the future. In this study, it refers to the effect of learning modality on the
Inc.
DIGITAL. Digital is about using data to make better and faster decisions. In this
study, it refers to the data that is used by students to be able to access lessons
study, it refers to the actions of the educators in terms of how the lesson reaches
every student.
6
OBTACLES. Something that blocks one's way or prevents or hinders progress.
In this study, it refers to the hindrances that prevent students from learning better
performance and their situation in the midst of a pandemic. This study increases
STUDENTS. During this e-learning, they may be able to gain motivation, more
PARENTS. They may be able to see their child (student) struggling with keeping
up with the new mode of learning and be able to provide the necessary support.
SCHOOL. They may be able to get more information regarding the student’s
position and how to resolve the situation to their benefit and the student’s benefit.
7
COMMUNITY. They may be capable of acquiring information on the impacts of
the new way of learning on the student’s academic performance and be able to
FUTURE RESEACHERS. They will benefit from the study because they can
gather ideas, information, and knowledge for their studies through this present
study.
8
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
FEEDBACK
Theoretical Framework
9
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
LEARNING MODALITY
PREFERENCES: ITS
IMPLICATION TO LEARNING
SYSTEM OF GRADE 11
STUDENTS’ OF KING THOMAS
LEARNING ACADEMY INC.
Theory Community of
Inquiry
Garrison, Anderson,
and Archer (2000)
10
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
always vary by individuals, whether they are physically sitting next to each other,
that if the learning experiences are not identical, because that is not possible for
unique humans, but instead equivalent, then a student should be able to transfer
from a distance learning course midway into a traditional course with little if any
lacking knowledge. But, this does not mean that the two courses themselves
should be identical.
distance learning course for an elementary child should designed differently from
the traditional version, taking the child’s mental development level and technical
should be provided for students – local and distant – to learn from” (Simonson et
all, 2015, p 50). So in other words, thoughtfully design the courses so that the
11
on the impact of learning modality preference and its implications for the learning
system of grade. 11 students in the King Thomas Learning Academy Inc. and
in higher education
with “learning styles,” Gardner himself denies that they are one in the same. The
problem Gardner has expressed with the idea of “learning styles” is that the
concept is ill defined and there “is not persuasive evidence that the learning style
analysis produces more effective outcomes than a ‘one size fits all approach’” (as
Center for Teaching Nancy Chick (n.d.) pointed out, “Despite the popularity of
learning styles and inventories such as the VARK, it’s important to know that
there is no evidence to support the idea that matching activities to one’s learning
style improves learning.” One tip Gardner offers educators is to “pluralize your
confuse others and it won’t help either you or your students” (as cited in Strauss,
2013). The theory is related to the researcher's present study. Some students
learn best through one modality and worse through others. Many students use
12
new ways that are the most accessible and easiest for their learning. King
the concept of three distinct “presences”: cognitive, social, and teaching (see
Figure 5.4). While recognizing the overlap and relationship among the three
research on each component. Their model supports the design of online and
become one of the more popular models for online and blended courses that are
The theory that underpins the researcher's approach in this study differs
from the theory that underpins the researcher's approach in previous studies.
Learning styles refer to a range of theories that aim to account for differences in
individuals’ learning. Many theories share the proposition that humans can be
classified according to their "style" of learning, but differ in how the proposed
13
CHAPTER II
face-to-face learning. The goal of this research was to see how traditional and
education course. It was a fascinating course. Developed and built to fulfill the
isolated skills aimed at teaching individual concepts. Students are more likely to
offers a vast array of opportunities to help expand the student's conceptual and
experiential background.
14
According to Fleming and Baume (2006), behavior and learning have a
significant influence on the students' preferred learning styles, and the preferred
metacognition.
perceptions may have different relationships with the general attitudes towards
The sorts of online differentiation used by each of the 14 online and blended
learning programs were used to characterize them. offered. Ten different learning
choose from many available programs or modify the material and difficulty level
(figure 2). Nine of the programs used adaptive software for differentiation, which
tracks a student's progress through the program and tailors the content, speed,
and difficulty of the material to meet the student's specific needs. Six of the
15
programs used both teacher-led and computer-assisted differentiation. Students
in ten programs were able to continue at their own pace, allowing them to take
identifying students' individual learning styles. It says there that higher education
institutions try to improve the quality of teaching and learning in order to relieve
the problem of high failure and dropout rates. Students who are aware of their
learning styles may be better able to comprehend how they learn and take
charge of their education, allowing them to endure and achieve in higher school.
performance. Also, talk aboutThe learning styles assessment tool revealed the
major and minor learning styles of each student. According to both the learning
styles questionnaire and the writing exercise, students in diverse faculties have
dominant learning styles that they use in preference to others. In general, the
best by figuring things out by hand. This model identifies students' learning
styles, and allows students to access the information they are comfortable with,
which will increase their academic confidence. The teacher gains a better
perspective on implementing these learning styles into lesson plans and study
techniques.
16
According to Benbunan-Fich and Hiltz (2003), it is necessary to conduct
research into the relationship between learning styles, the chosen mode of
and modes of delivery can assist in determining what type of learning style and
mode of delivery each student prefers in order to feel comfortable while learning
SYNTHESIS
Cherry (2019) claims that students are hands-on learners and learn best
by figuring things out by hand.This model identifies student learning styles and
allows students to access the information they are comfortable with, which will
implementing these learning styles into lesson plans and study techniques.
research into the relationship between learning styles and modes of delivery can
17
assist in determining. What type of learning style and modes of delivery does
each student prefer in order to feel comfortable while learning and improving
themselves.
18
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
learning modality preferences and its implications for the learning systems of
the data was gathered, processed, and interpreted to tackle the concerns raised
data collection.
Research Design
In this chapter, the researchers will outline the techniques that will be use
to finish the study as well as the strategy that will be use. The primary goal of this
overview of the techniques utilized for data collection, the process, the outcomes,
Research Setting
The survey was undertaken for this study at the King Thomas Learning
Academy Inc., utilizing the internet. Grade 11 ABM students used e-mail,
messenger, and text messaging to comply with COVID-19 safety rules. The
19
survey questionnaire will conclude with the 20 respondents who were selected
Respondents
The respondents of this study are the grade 11 ABM students of King
from ABM 1 and 10 respondents from ABM 2 will be randomly chosen by the
researchers to evaluate their learning preferences and the implications for their
learning system.
To gather data for this study, the researchers used an online survey
preferences and their implications for the learning systems of grade 11 SHS
20
Research Instrument
This study aims to know, understand, and assess the learning modality
students in this study. The instrument that will be used in collecting and analyzing
structure to gather the data from the participants. Before performing and
delivering the final surveys to the official respondents, the teacher in Inquiries,
The researcher will also write an appreciation note to those who will
given the survey to complete and test. After acquiring and revising the
improved the validity of the research results in this study. The findings of the
respondents, the researchers will also learn a lot about this study and help
develop formulas and data analysis that will improve the study's final product.
21
Furthermore, the data was double-checked in a different study as a reference for
the researcher. This improves the data's reliability when compared to relying on a
single metric. Finally, we asked grade 11 students in KTLA to help us lighten the
Statistical Tool
The statistical tools used in this study were frequency count, ranking
technique, and weighted mean. The Frequency Count and Ranking Technique
were used to determine the respondent's geographic profile in terms of age, sex,
number of people in the household and geographic location, and the gadgets
used in order to attend online classes like smart phones, laptops, computers, and
obstacles that are faced by the respondents during online classes, such as noise,
power interruption, household chores, broken mics or cameras, and the mode of
learning that respondents deem the most effective in raising their academic
performance.
WM=__EX__ N
22
CHAPTER IV
This chapter presents and discusses the data analysis and results in great
depth of this research. The findings are organized into the following categories:
modality preferences.
Frequency Percentage
18-19 8 40%
Total 20 100%
Female 16 80%
Total 20 100%
Modular 15 75%
Total 20 100%
23
As shown in Table 1, respondents of all ages (16 through to over 19) were
represented, with slightly larger numbers in the lowest age bracket (16-17)
(Table 4.1). The oldest age bracket was the 18–19 age bracket, accounting for 7
(35%) and 1 (5%) of the respondents. The proportion of the ages of males to
females was about 20% to 80% in all age groups. According to the result, 75%
say they prefer modular (digital/printed), and 25% prefer online (google
meet/zoom).
Frequency Percentage
Modular 13 65%
Total 20 100%
Modular 16 80%
Total 20 100%
Computer 0 0%
24
Tablet/Ipad 2 10%
Smartphone 15 75%
Total 20 100%
As shown in Table 2, the result is that 65% of the respondents say modular is
effective for them, and 35% say online learning is effective for them. In the
(digital/printed)". The table shows the result of the findings. According to the
result, 80% say modular is more convenient for them, and 20% choose online as
more convenient for them. Also, as shown in Table 2, the result is that the
Frequency Percentage
Power Interruption 1 5%
Household Chores 0 0%
Connection
25
Total 20 100%
No 7 35%
Total 20 100%
No 10 50%
Maybe 6 30%
Total 20 100%
unstable Internet connections (100%). followed by all of the above 5 (25%), then
noise (4 (20%), power interruption (1 (5%). The difficulties of the students are
summarized in table 4.2. It shows in the result that 13 (65%) can handle school
activities and household responsibilities, while 7 (35%) say they can't handle
them both. In general, the findings showed that 10 (50%) don't have any health
issues at all. Although there are 4 (20%) who experienced health issues and 6
(30%) who said MAYBE. The high level of health issues can cause a student a
26
CHAPTER V
this chapter. The summary covers the main results on which the conclusions and
SUMMARY
the students, their difficulties, and their implications for the learning system.
significantly predicts learning style better than IQ. Her studies also reported that
the better the child reads, the more independent the learning style is, conversely.
She found the lower the child's reading, the more dependent he is on the style of
learning.
27
Wheeler (1983) used second grade learning disabled students and also
Problem No. 1
FINDINGS
CONCLUSION
purpose of identifying students' individual learning styles. It says there that higher
education institutions try to improve the quality of teaching and learning in order
to relieve the problem of high failure and dropout rates. Students who are aware
of their learning styles may be better able to comprehend how they learn and
take charge of their education, allowing them to endure and achieve in higher
school.
RECOMMENDATION
28
The results of this study are more efficient for the students' online learning
than modular learning to identify the student individually and their higher
Problem No.2
FINDINGS
students didn’t use computers, 10.5% of students used tablets or iPads, 26.3% of
students used laptops, and most of the students who used smartphones was
84.2%.
CONCLUSION
programs. Nine of the programs used adaptive software for differentiation, which
tracks a student's progress through the program and tailors the content, speed,
RECOMMENDATION
29
Based on the result of the study, the students who cannot have gadgets to use in
online learning, the school must provide printed modules that cover all the
lessons, so that the students will be able to learn even without using
Problem No.3
FINDINGS:
CONCLUSION
Among the other difficulties, it has been determined that the most
available programs or modify the material and difficulty level within a program to
continue at their own pace, allowing them to take the time they needed to grasp
30
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the results of this study, the school should provide printed
modules that have a clear discussion of the lesson, so that the students can
learn well, understand well, and complete their activities even without internet
connection.
Problem No. 4
What are the health issues experienced by the students as a result of too
FINDINGS
experienced health issues, which they answered with 'yes'. They also specified
that they experienced stress, anxiety, myopia, and etc. Another 26.3% of
students answered‘maybe’. And 56.6% of students did not experience any health
CONCLUSION
experience health issues. Students specify that they experience stress, anxiety,
with the general attitudes towards the learning objects and the specific attitude.
31
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the results of this study, the school should motivate students by
giving them schoolwork one at a time to help students minimize pressure and
stress.
Problem No.5
FINDINGS
effective for some students, who answered ‘yes’. However, most students still
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that online learning is useful and effective for the students
According to Cher (2019), Students are hands-on learners and learn best
by figuring things out by hand. This model identifies students' learning styles and
allows students to access the information they are comfortable with, which will
implementing these learning styles into lesson plans and study techniques.
RECOMMENDATION
32
Some students do as well in online courses as in in-person courses; some
may actually do better; but, on average, students do worse in the online setting,
and this is particularly true for students with weaker academic backgrounds.
Students who struggle in in-person classes are likely to struggle even more
online.
33
Department of Education
Region 5
Date: ______________
Dear Madam:
Greetings!
Uzziel Berin, and Katrina Lyra Bautista of King Thomas Learning Academy Inc.,
Students of King Thomas Learning Academy Inc." as part of the ABM and TVL
The purpose of this study is to learn about the problems and challenges
34
collect the information we'll need for our study. Please rest assured that any
information you provide will be kept private and used purely for research
purposes.
Respectfully Yours,
Researchers
Recommending approval:
35
Department of Education
Region 5
Date: ______________
I have been informed about the nature of this research. I gave my consent
knowing that all aspects of my participation would remain confidential and that I would
Respondent
Researchers
36
Department of Education
Region 5
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
ACADEMY INC.
Name: Age:
Sex:
Direction: Kindly fill up the following and put a check (✓) on the following
Online
37
Modular
Online
Modular
Online
Modular
5. Choose which of these devices you use to attend the online class:
Laptop
Computer
Tablet/iPad
Smartphone
online class:
Noise
Power Interruption
Household chores
38
Broken mic or camera
7. Can you handle your time between school activities and household
responsibilities?
Yes
No
Yes
No
10. Is online learning useful and effective to you? Explain your answer.
39
Department of Education
Region 5
ACADEMY INC.
Sex: Female
Direction: Kindly fill up the following and put a check (✓) on the following
Online
40
Modular
Online
Modular
Online
Modular
5. Choose which of these devices you use to attend the online class:
Laptop
Computer
Tablet/iPad
Smartphone
online class:
Noise
Power Interruption
Household chores
41
Broken mic or camera
7. Can you handle your time between school activities and household
responsibilities?
Yes
No
Yes
No
- NO ANSWER
10. Is online learning useful and effective to you? Explain your answer.
those who do not. Some students, such as those who are slow
42
Department of Education
Region 5
ACADEMY INC.
Sex: Female
Direction: Kindly fill up the following and put a check (✓) on the following
Online
43
Modular
Online
Modular
Online
Modular
5. Choose which of these devices you use to attend the online class:
Laptop
Computer
Tablet/iPad
Smartphone
online class:
Noise
Power Interruption
Household chores
44
Broken mic or camera
7. Can you handle your time between school activities and household
responsibilities?
Yes
No
Yes
No
10. Is online learning useful and effective to you? Explain your answer.
access and resources, but for me, it's more effective, because
some students, like me, find it hard to self-study, though I can learn
45
Department of Education
Region 5
ACADEMY INC.
Sex: Female
Direction: Kindly fill up the following and put a check (✓) on the following
Online
46
Modular
Online
Modular
Online
Modular
5. Choose which of these devices you use to attend the online class:
Laptop
Computer
Tablet/iPad
Smartphone
online class:
Noise
Power Interruption
Household chores
47
Broken mic or camera
7. Can you handle your time between school activities and household
responsibilities?
Yes
No
Yes
No
- No answer
10. Is online learning useful and effective to you? Explain your answer.
opportunity to get what they want and what they need and the
the teachers the students and the school staffs as well because we
are suffering from pandemic as the world is healing from this crisis
48
comeback in the normal environment. Also for us students online
for those students who wants to continue their studies in this time of
pandemic.
49
Department of Education
Region 5
ACADEMY INC.
Sex: Male
Direction: Kindly fill up the following and put a check (✓) on the following
Online
50
Modular
Online
Modular
Online
Modular
5. Choose which of these devices you use to attend the online class:
Laptop
Computer
Tablet/iPad
Smartphone
online class:
Noise
Power Interruption
Household chores
51
Broken mic or camera
7. Can you handle your time between school activities and household
responsibilities?
Yes
No
Yes
No
- Anxiety
10. Is online learning useful and effective to you? Explain your answer.
52
Department of Education
Region 5
ACADEMY INC.
Sex: Male
Direction: Kindly fill up the following and put a check (✓) on the following
Online
53
Modular
Online
Modular
Online
Modular
5. Choose which of these devices you use to attend the online class:
Laptop
Computer
Tablet/iPad
Smartphone
online class:
Noise
Power Interruption
Household chores
54
Broken mic or camera
7. Can you handle your time between school activities and household
responsibilities?
Yes
No
Yes
No
- No answer
10. Is online learning useful and effective to you? Explain your answer.
- I can't say that this method is very useful and effective because
there are still problems that are often encountered and hindrance
55
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59
CURRICULUM VITAE
katbautista1019@gmail.com
+639953634924
PERSONAL DATA
SEX: Female
CITIZENSHIP: Filipino
HEIGHT: 5’5
WEIGHT: 55 kg
PERSON TO BE CONTACTED:
60
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary Education
2020-Present
2016-2020
2010-2016
61
MAEGAN M. CADAGDAGON
maegancadagdagon10@gmail.com
+639674164040
PERSONAL DATA
SEX: Female
CITIZENSHIP: Filipino
HEIGHT: 5’6
WEIGHT: 45 kg
PERSON TO BE CONTACTED:
62
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary Education
2020-Present
2016-2020
2010-2016
63
UZZIEL B. BERIN
Uzzielberin07@gmail.com
+639518732043
PERSONAL DATA
SEX: Female
CITIZENSHIP: Filipino
HEIGHT: 5’6
WEIGHT: 47 kg
PERSON TO BE CONTACTED:
64
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary Education
2020-Present
2016-2020
2010-2016
65
BENEDICK A. BEREDICO
benedickberedico1@gmail.com
+639488692470
PERSONAL DATA
SEX: Male
CITIZENSHIP: Filipino
HEIGHT: 5’7
WEIGHT: 60 kg
PERSON TO BE CONTACTED:
66
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary Education
2020-Present
2016-2020
2010-2016
67
JOHN JOSHUA G. CASTRO
johnjoshuacastro5@gmail.com
+639706681104
PERSONAL DATA
SEX: Male
CITIZENSHIP: Filipino
HEIGHT: 5’8
WEIGHT: 60 kg
PERSON TO BE CONTACTED:
68
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary Education
2020-Present
2016-2020
2010-2016
69