Physical Education is a 
vital part of the total opportunity to release excessive energy in a
education of all individuals throughout their
academic journey. Physical education renders
meaningful learning experiences which help in the
enhancements of every student's academic
performance, mental alertness, readiness, and
enthusiasm for learning.
LEGAL BASES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION -
As human beings, our human body consists
of muscles used for muscular mobility and will
therefore, require an environment that allows for
continuous bodily movement. Basically, the
human body needs not only food, but also
physical activities for maximum functionality.  
The International Charter of Physical
Education and Sport UNESCO (United Nations
Educations, Scientific and Cultural
Organization) states that the practice of physical
education and sports is a basic right for
all. The right to improve people's physical,
intellectual and moral prowess through physical
education and sport must be ensured within the
educational system and in other aspects of social
life.
Article I, International Charter of Physical
Education and Sports, UNESCO Paris, 1978
and Recommendation International Disciplinary
Regional Meeting Experts on Physical Education,
UNESCO, Brisbane, 1982-
“The practice of physical education and sports is
a fundamental right of all...” “And
this right should not be treated a different in
principle from the right adequate food, shelter,
medical care.”
Article XIV, Section 19, 1987 Constitution of
the Republic of the Philippines
“The state shall promote physical education and
encourage sports programs league competitions
and amateur sports including training for
international competition to foster self-discipline,
teamwork, and excellence for the development of
a healthy and alert citizenry.”
“All educations institutions shall undertake regular
sports activities throughout the country and in
cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors.
Sport is an inherent part of a person’s life. Aside
from the enhancement of various physical skills,
sports also contributes to the development of an
optimistic mind or positive thinking, which
is essential for a person to endure difficulties.
Through sports, people are afforded an
healthy process, thus, overcoming stress or
depression.
GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
 To develop the movement potentials of
each individual to an optimum level.
 To develop a basic understanding and
appreciation of human movement.
 To develop and maintain the optimal
physical fitness and productivity of the
individual.
To develop skills, knowledge and
attitudes active participation engagement
in varied fitness activities.
THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
Physical Development - Through the carefully
selected physical activities an individual who
participates actively will develop and maintain
good healthy and optimum level of physical
fitness.
Social Development - Physical education
provides more than just exercise for students.
Students learn communication skills and how
to collaborate together as a group.
Emotional Development - Through physical
education activities the students gradually learn to
manage their selves and acts wisely with courage
when exposed in stressful and emotional
situations.
Mental Development - Through physical
education activities the learners acquire
knowledge and understanding of rules and
strategies of the games, sports and dance
instructions. Varied activities in physical
education help the student’s development their
ability to analyze body movements, skills and
game situations.
Spiritual Development - Integrated efforts by
health and physical education programs can
highlight the importance of spiritual concepts like
critical awareness, contemplation, purposeful
living, nature, acceptance, transparency,
awareness, tolerance, resiliency, experience,
community, and the critical role of the body, mind,
and spirit to holistic health.

THE PURPOSE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
 To involve the learner in a wide range of
movement, knowledge and skill-building
experiences.
 To contribute to the learner’s growing
value system and his/her development of
responsible attitude and behavior
essential to a healthy lifestyle.
 To promote understanding of and
appreciation for the differences among
people in physical activity settings.
 To develop the habit of regularly
participating in physical activity as part of
health-enhancing personal fitness plan.
 To expand options for wise use of leisure
time.
Fit person - can perform schoolwork, meet home
responsibilities, and still have enough energy to
enjoy sport and other leisure activities.
Physical Fitness -Being physically fit equates
to having the endurance and strength to carry-
out daily activities without undue stress and
still possess sufficient energy to join leisure
activities and be able to face unexpected
emergencies.
CONCEPT OF WELLNESS - An expanded idea
of health. Many people think of health as being
just the absence of physical disease. But
wellness transcends this concept of health, as
when individuals with serious illnesses or
disabilities rise above their physical or mental
limitations to live rich, meaningful, and vital lives.
Some aspects of health are determined by your
genes, age and other factors that may be beyond
your control. But true wellness is largely
determined by the decisions you make about how
to live your life.
Factors affecting Fitness – Exercise, Diet,
Drug-taking, Environment, Age, Physical
Disability, Stress and Anxiety, Gender, Build.
SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE - A type of lifestyle
with no or irregular physical activity (a couch
potato). Sitting, reading, watching television and
computer use for much of the day with little or no
vigorous physical exercise.
COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
1. Cardiovascular / respiratory endurance –
The ability of body systems to gather, process,
and deliver oxygen.
2. Stamina – The ability of body systems to
process, deliver, store, and utilize energy.
3. Strength – The ability of a muscular unit, or
combination of muscular units, to apply force.
4. Flexibility – The ability to maximize the range
of motion at a given joint.
5. Power – The ability of a muscular unit, or
combination of muscular units, to apply maximum
force in minimum time.
6. Speed – The ability to minimize the time cycle
of a repeated movement.
7. Coordination – The ability to combine several
distinct movement patterns into a singular distinct
movement.
8. Agility – The ability to minimize transition time
from one movement pattern to another.
9. Balance – The ability to control the placement
of the body’s center of gravity in relation to its
support base.
10. Accuracy – The ability to control movement
in a given direction or at a given intensity.
CATEGORIES OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
HEALTH-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS -
Health-related physical fitness consists of
components of physical fitness that have a
relationship with good health. The components
are commonly defined as:
CARDIO-RESPIRATORY ENDURANCE - The
ability of your heart, blood vessels, lungs, and
blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all of your
body's cells while you are being physically active.
To improve your cardio-respiratory endurance, try
activities that keep your heart rate elevated at a
safe level for a sustained length of time such as
walking, swimming, or bicycling. 
MUSCULAR STRENGTH - It is the amount of
force that a muscle can apply in a given
contraction. The key to making your muscles
stronger is working them against resistance,
whether that be from weights or gravity. If you
want to gain muscle strength, try exercises such
as lifting weights or resistance exercises.
MUSCULAR ENDURANCE - is the ability of the
muscles to keep working (contract) over a period
of time. When most people think of muscular
endurance they think of things like running and
cycling. The fact is, muscular endurance is
important to almost any activity that requires any
use of physical strength and is one of the more
important aspects of physical fitness and
performance.
FLEXIBILITY - The ability of the joints to move
through their full range of motion.
BODY COMPOSITION - refers to the ration of
lean body tissue (muscle & bone) to body-fat
tissue. A person's total body weight (what you see
on a scale) may not change over time. But the
bathroom scale does not assess how much is
lean mass (muscle, bone, tendons, and
ligaments). Body composition is important to
consider for health and managing your weight.
Skill-related fitness
AGILITY -Is the ability to change the position of
your body and to control the movement of your
whole body. Agility is an important quality in many
sports, because you must change direction
rapidly and always have your body under control.
BALANCE - Is the ability to keep an upright
posture while either standing still or moving. Good
balance in essential in many activities like
skating, surfing, skiing, and gymnastics.
POWER - Is the ability to perform with strength at
a rapid pace. Strength and speed are both
involved in power. Football players, swimmers,
shot-putters, discus throwers, and high jumpers
are examples of athletes who typically have a
high degree of power.
REACTION TIME - Is the amount of time it takes
to start a movement once your senses signal the
need to move? People with good reaction time
can usually start quickly in track and swimming or
react quickly in ping pong or karate.
COORDINATION - Is the integration of eye,
hand, and foot movements. This component is
necessary for success in such sports as baseball,
softball, tennis, golf, and basketball.
SPEED - Is the ability to cover a distance in a
short amount of time. Speed is a very important
factor in many sports and activities. Short runs
are used to evaluate speed.
BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
Vitality - Muscle is basic for all body action. They
increase in strength with activity and deteriorate
from lack of it. Fit muscles use less energy to
perform the same task, leading to increase in
vitality.
Posture - A physically fit person is able to
maintain his general posture alignment better
than one with weak musculature
Relieves low back pain -Lack of physical activity
has found to be the major cause for some cases
of pain in the lower back. Most adults who suffer
from low back pain are relieved of this pain by
exercises that strengthen their back and
abdominal muscles.
Retards Ageing Process - Continued
participation in regular exercise of the proper
amounts is of considerable value in postponing
the deterioration that usually takes place as a
person grows old.
Physical Fitness and Ability to Meet
Emergencies - The body that is accustomed to
only sedentary living can usually operates
affectivity even through it is operating at near
maximum effort.
BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
Neuromuscular Skills - The smooth, efficient
coordination of the muscular system is improved
as a result of regular participation in physical
activities.
Relaxation - Over active minds, in under active
bodies often need physical outlets for
accumulated emotional and muscular tensions
that seem to be relieved by action of the skeletal
muscles
Improvement of Personality and Social Skills -
Participation in games and sports aid in improving
the personality and in developing the desirable
social skills.
Mental Fitness - Because of the mental and
physical relaxation that often results from physical
activity, regular exercise was taught in many to be
considerable value in adding the mental
processes to function with increased efficiency.
General Health - The physically fit person usually
possesses a high degree of general resistance
which enable him to successfully avoid such
minor illnesses.