G narrative tenses, past perfect continuous; so I such ...

that
Vair travel I don't have a fear of flying,
P regular and irregular past forms, sentence rhythm I have a fear of crashing.

1 LISTENING & VOCABULARY air travel b Listen again. What word or phrase do the
flight attendants use to mean ... ?
a 2 l)) Listen to some in-flight announcements and match them
1 small baBs and cases
to pictures A-D. What information or instructions are the
2 the cupboards above your seat
passengers being given?
3 put on your seat belt
4 phones, tablets, etc.
5 the doors where you can get out of the plane
quickly if there is a problem
6 the thinB you have to put on if the plane is
going to land on the sea
7 to blow air inside something
c > p.154 Vocabulary Bank Air t ravel.

2 READING
a Read the back cover of a book about air
travel. Can you guess the answers to any of
the questions?

b Now read the extract from Air Babylon.

What are the answers to the questions,
according to the text?

c Now read the extract again and mark the

sentences T (true) or F (false). Underline the
part of the text that gave you the answer.
1 Most airline passengers believe that the life
jacket could save their life.
2 The passengers who inflated their life
jackets too early didn't survive.
3 Customs officers can see through the
mirror in Customs.
4 Passengers are often caught by customs
officers because of their body language.
5 Small birds are more dangerous for planes
than big birds.
6 Passengers get confused because what they
can smell is not on the menu.
7 There aren't enough wheelchairs for all the
people who need them.
8 One flight attendant sometimes makes
sarcastic comments about passengers who
don't really need a wheelchair.
d Did you find any of the information
surprising? Which? Do you believe it at all?
 Most airline passengers think it is laughable
1
that a small yellow life jacket with a whistle
will make any difference if the plane crashes
into the sea. However, in some cases, like when
5 a hijacked Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 767 landed
in the Indian Ocean in 1996, it did. Despite
instructions from the cabin crew IlQl to pre-
inflate their lifejackets inside the plane, several
passengers did. They were unable to escape the
lo rising water Inside the plane. But others, who
followed the pilot's instructions, survived. So
it is probably a good idea to look up from your
magazine when the flight attendant is giving the
safety demonstration.
15 customs officers are watching everywhere.
They are watching you from the moment
you walk off the plane, while you are standing
in Baggage Reclaim waiting for your bag, and
especially when you come out the other side of
20 Customs, which is when people who are trying
to smuggle something finally let their guard
down and get caught. The large two-way mirror
in Customs, (behind which customs officers sit
and watch) is part of that process. As you walk
25 past, it makes you look taller and thinner. So you
feel good about yourself and you relax and smile.
That's when a customs officer suddenly appears
and asks you to open your case .. .
30 B irds are one of the major problems for any
airport when planes are taking off and
landing. Any large bird can easily cause an
accident. It flies into the engine, totally destroying
itself and the machinery. Smaller birds are less
of a problem. In some cases they can do some
35 damage, but usually they are just roasted. When
this happens, there is often such a strong smell
of roast bird that passengers on t e think
at chicken is being cooked, an
rised when they're given a c
t dinner!
ssenger ge
the othe engers, 'Ladies and gentlemen!
5s Another miracle, courtesy of the airline industry!
After years in a wheelchair, he walks again! ' The
passenger is normally so embarrassed that he
(and it's usually a 'he') disappears as quickly as
he can.
From Air Babylon by Imogen Edwards-Jones
3 MINI GRAMMAR so I such ... that
a Look at these two sentences from th e Air Babylon extract.
The passenger is normally so embarrassed that he disappears as l°
quickly as possible. •:.
When t his happens there is often such a strong smell, of roast bird
that passengers on the plane think t hat chicken is being cooked.
We oft en use so I such ...that to express a consequence.
• Use so + adjective
The f lig ht was so bumpy (that) we all felt sick.
• Use so+ adverb
The taxi driver drove so quickly (that) we got to the airport on time.
• Use so much I so many+ noun
There was so much traffic that we nearly missed our flight.
• Use such a+ adjective + single countable noun
It was such a great hotel (that) we want to go back there next year.
• Use such+ adjective + uncountable noun
We had such terrible weather that we didn't really enjoy the holiday.
• Use such+ adjective + plural noun
They were such uncomfortable seats (that) I couldn't sleep at all.
b Complete the sentences with so, so much / many, such, or such a.
1 The flight was long that I got really bored.
2 I had noisy child sitting beside me that I couldn't sleep at all.
3 My suitcase was heavy that I had to pay excess baggage.
4 I slept badly on the flight from New York that the jet lag
was worse than usual.
5
6
We were served
There were
terrible food that I couldn't eat a thing.
people at check-in that we had to queue for ages.
7 We had luggage that we had to get another trolley.
8 The people we met on holiday were nice people that we
kept in touch with them.
4 SPEAKING
In p airs, ask and an swer the question s.
1 How do you feel about flying?
2 H ow often do you fly? What for? ~
3 When was the last flight you took? Where did you fly to?
4 H ave you ever ...
• been very delayed at an airport? How long for?
• missed a flight? Why?
• been stopped in Customs? Were you carrying anything that you
shouldn't have?
• had ver y bad turbulence on a flight? H ow did you feel?
Was anyone on the flight injured?
• flown long haul? Did you get jet lag?
• flown or been upgraded to business class? What was it like?
• been on a flight where there was an emergency?
W hat happened?
• sat next to a screaming baby on a flight (or a child that kept
kicking your seat)? What did you do?
••
 5 LISTENING
a You are going to listen to an airline pilot
and an air traffic controller talking on a
radio programme. Before you listen, discuss
questions 1-8 w ith a partner and imagine
what the answers w ill be.
1 What weather conditions are the most
dangerous when you are flying a plane?
2 Is turbulence really dangerous?
3 Which is more dangerous, taking off or
landing?
4 Are some airports more dangerous than
others?
5 What personal qualities does an air traffic
controller need?
6 Is the job really very stressful?
7 Why is it important for air traffic
controllers and pilots to speak English well?
8 Are there more men than women working
as pilots and air traffic controllers?
b 7 >)) Listen to the programme. How m any
of the questions did you an swer correctly?
c Listen again for more detail and make notes
for each of the questions.
d Which job would you prefer, to work as a
pilot or as an air traffic controller? Why?
••
6 GRAMMAR
narrative tenses, past perfect continuous
a R ead a newspaper story about an incident that happened during
a flight. What exactly happened?
Last updated at 09:12
Nightmare over the Atlantic!
At 11.35 on January 13th 2012 British Airways flight BA 0206
1 took off I was taking off from Miami to London. It had been
flying for about three hours, and was over the Atlantic, when
suddenly a voice 2 came out I had come out of the loudspeakers:
'This is an emergency announcement. We may shortly have to
make an emergency landing on water.'
Immediately panic 3 broke out I was breaking out. One passenger
on the flight said, 'My wife and I looked at each other and we
feared the worst. We imagined that we were about to crash into the
Atlantic. It was awful. Everybody 4 screamed I was screaming.'
But about 30 seconds later the cabin crew started to run up and
down the aisle saying that the message 5 had been played I was
being played by accident, and that everything was OK. By this time
a lot of the passengers were in tears , and 6 tried I were trying to get
their life jackets out from under their seats.
Another passenger said, 'The captain didn't even say anything
about it until just before we started to land and even then he didn't
explain what 7 happened I had happened. It was very traumatic.
Everybody was terrified. I can't think of anything worse than being
told your plane's about to crash. It 8 was I had been the worst
experience of my life.'
Later a British Airways spokesman 9 said I had said, 'A pre-
recorded emergency announcement was activated by error on
our flight from Miami to Heathrow. We would like to apologize to
passengers on this flight.'
Adapted from the Daily Telegraph
b Read the story again and B the right form of the verbs 1- 9.
c Now look at two sentences about the story. What do you think is
the difference between the two highlighted verbs?
T he pilot was very experienced and had flown this route many times
before.
When the announcement was made the plane had been flying for
about th ree hours.
d )ii- p.136 Grammar Bank 3A. Learn more about narrative tenses
and the past perfect continuous, and practise them.
e In pairs or groups, try to complete the two sentences in four
different ways using the four narrative tenses.
1 The police stopped the driver because he . ..
2 I couldn't sleep last night because .. .
7 PRONUNCIATION
irregular past forms, sentence rhythm
a Write the past simple of the following verbs in the chart
according to the pronunciation of the vowel sound.
become ea-Eeh cut drive fa ll fly hea r
hide f ight hold hurt keep leave lie read
ride say sleep tell think t hrow write
A~ c ~
B D
i ~ -
caught
E i} Fm G
l
H •o'\\
~-d~
became
b Look at the verbs in a again. Which ones have a past
participle which is different from the past simple form?
Write these past participles in the chart.
c 2 10 >)) Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.
d 11 >)) Listen to an extract from a narrative. Notice
which are the stressed and unstressed words.
We were on a flight toTokyo, and we'd been flying
fo r about five hours. I was reading and my wife
was watching a film when suddenly we heard
a very loud noise. it sounded as if an engine
had exploded. The pilot didn't tell us what had
happened until half an hour later.
e Practise reading the extract with the right rhythm.
8 SPEAKING
a >Communication Flight stories A p.105 B p.110.
Read a newspaper story. Then imagine you were a
passenger on the plane, and tell your partner the story.
b You are going to tell an anecdote. The story can either
be true or invented. If it's invented, you must try to tell
it in such a convincing way that your partner thinks
it's true. Choose one of the topics below and plan what
you're going to say. Use the language in the Telling an
an ecdote box to help you, and ask your teacher for any
other words you need.
Talk about a t ime when you ...
had a frightening experience when you were travelling or on
holiday
/ . . f
got ill or had an accident while travelling
arrived home from a trip and had a surprise
p Telling an anecdote
Setting the scene
This happened to me when I was...
I was ...-ing when... /... because I had / hadn't...
The main events
I decided to ...because... So t hen /...
Suddenly I At that moment...
What happened in the end
In the end I eventually... I felt...
c In pairs, A tell B your story. B show interest and ask
for more details. T hen decide whether you think the
story is true or not. Then swap roles.
This happened to me a few years ago when
I was on holiday in Florida. I was swimming in
the sea one day when I saw a shark.
~ally? How big was it?
9 12 >)) SONG The Airplane Song ~
3A
narrative tenses: past simple, past continuous,
past perfect, past perfect continuous
narrative tenses
1 We arrived at the airport and checked in. Bl))
2 We were having dinner when the plane hit some
turbulence.
At nine o'clock most people on the plane were reading or
were trying to sleep.
3 When we arrived at the airport, we suddenly realized that
we had left one of the suitcases in the taxi.
4 We'd been flying for about two hours when suddenly the
captain told us to fasten our seat belts because we were
flying into some very bad weather.
1 We use the past simple to talk about consecutive actions or
situations in the past, i.e. for the main events in a story.
2 We use the past continuous (was/ were +verb + -inB) to
describe a longer continuous past action or situation which
was in progress when another action happened, or to describe
an action or situation that was not complete at a past time.
a @ t h e correct verb form .
Meg and Liam McGowan€9 / were BettinB a nasty
surprise when they 1had checked in / were checkinB in
at Heathrow airport yesterday w ith their baby Shaun.
They 2had won/ won three free plane tickets to R ome
in a competition, and they 3were lookinBforward to /
had been lookinBforward to their trip for months. But,
unfortunately, they 4 had been forBettinB f had forB otten to
get a passport for their son, so Shaun couldn't fly. Luckily,
they 5 had arrived/ were arrivinB very early for their flight,
so they still had time to do something about it. They 6 had
1·un / ran to the police station in the airport to apply for an
emergency passport. Meg 7was BOinB / went with Shaun
to the photo machine while Liam 8 had f illed in/ was f illinB
in the forms. The passport was ready in an hour, so they
9
hurried /were hurry inB to the gate and 10Bot / had Bot on
the plane.
3 We use the past perfect (had+ past participle) to talk about
the 'earlier past', i.e. things which happened before the main
event(s).
4 We use the past perfect continuous (had been+ verb + -inB)
with action verbs to talk about longer continuous actions
or situations that started before the main events happened
and have continued up to that point. Non-action verbs
(e.g. be, have, know, like, etc.) are not normally used in the
past continuous or past perfect continuous.
past perfect simple or continuous?
Lina was crying because she'd been reading a 9 l))
very sad book.
Lina didn't want to see the film, because she'd already read
the book.
• The past perfect continuous emphasizes the continuation
of an activity. The past perfect simple emphasizes the
completion of an activity.
b Put the verb in brackets in the p ast perfect simple (had
done) or con tinuou s (had been doinB)· If you think both
are possible, use the continuou s form.
H is English was very good. He'd been learning it for
five years. (learn)
1 I was really fe d up b ecause we _ _ _ __ _ _ _ for
hours. (queue)
2 She went to the police to report that someone
_ __ _ _ _ _ _ her bag. (steal)
3 It all morning. T he streets were
wet, and there were puddles everywhere. (rain)
4 She got to work late because she _ _ _ _ _ _ __
her phone at h ome and go back
and get it. (leave, have to)
5 I almost didn't recognize Tony at the party. H e
_________ a lot since I last saw him. (change)
6 The tourists' faces were very red. They _ _ __ __
in the sun all morning and they any
sun cream. (sit, not put on)
7 I could see from their expressions that my
parents . (argue)
8 Jess had a bandage on her arm because she
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ off her bike that morning. (fall)
9 I was am azed because I such an
enormous plane before. (never see)
10 How long before you realized
that you were lost? (walk)
~ p. 26
 VOCABULARY BANK
Air travel
1 AT THE AIRPORT 3 TRAVEL, TRIP, OR JOURNEY?
a Match the words and definitions. a Complete the sentences w ith travel (verb or noun), trip,
1 A Airport terminal 6 Departures board or;ourney.
2 Bag(gage) drop off 7 Gate 1 We're going on a five-day _tr_.
ip_ _ _ to the
3 Baggage reclaim 8 Runway mountains.
4 Check-in desk 9 Security 2 A Did you have a good here?
s Customs 10 VIP lounge B No, my flight was delayed for six hours.
3 Do you have to _ _ _ _ much in your job?
A a building at an airport divided into Arrivals and
Departures (domestic and international flights) 4 Have a good . See you when you get back.
B an electronic display showing flight times and if the b 5 l)) Listen and check.
flight is on time, boarding, closed, or delayed
c What's the differences between the three words?
C where you give in any checked-in luggage (bags,
cases, etc.) and are given a boarding pass
D where you take your luggage to check it in if you 4 PHRASAL VERBS RELATED TO AIR
already have your boarding pass
TRAVEL
E where they check that you are not trying to take
prohibited items (e.g. liquids or sharp objects) onto a Complete the sentences with a phrasal verb from the
the plane, by scanning your hand luggage, and list in the past tense.
making you walk through a metal detector
check in drop off fill in get off get on pick up
F where passengers who are travelling business or first
take off
class can wait for their flight
G where you show your boarding pass and ID and board 1 My husband dropped me off at the airport
your flight two hours before the flight.
H where planes take off and land 2 I online the day before I was
I where you collect your luggage on arrival, and there going to fly.
are usually trolleys for carrying heavy cases 3 As soon as I _ _ _ _ _ ___ the plane I sat
J where your luggage may be checked to see if you are down in the first empty seat.
bringing illegal goods into the country 4 The plane _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ late because of the
bad weather.
b 3 l)) Listen and check.
5 I the immigration form for
the US, which the cabin crew gave me shortly before
2 ONBOARD landing.
6 When I the plane I felt
a Complete the text with the words in the list. exhausted after the long flight.
aisle /ail/ cabin crew /'krebm kru:/ seat belts /' i:t belt I 7 When I my luggage at baggage
•
connecting flight /kd'nekt 11J fla1t/ turbulence /'t3:bj::il;:ms/ reclaim I bumped into an old friend who had been on
direct flights /dd'rekt flaits/ jet lag /'d3et lreg/ the same flight.
long-hau l flights /lmJ h::i:I fl a1ts/
b 6 l)) Listen and check.
I often fly to Chile on business. I always choose an 'aisle
seat, so that I can get up and walk around more easily. -ll(p.24
Sometimes there is 2 when the plane flies over
the Andes, which I don't enjoy, and the 3 tell
4
the passengers to put their on.
There aren't any 5 to Chile from London, so I
usually have to get a 6 in Madrid. Whenever I
7
take I always suffer from 8 because
of the time difference and I feel tired for several days.
b 4 l)) Listen and check.