Secondary Math 3H Name: __________________________ Period: _____

1.8 Notes

constant =p
leading co
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Rational Zeros (Roots) Theorem:
Let f (x) =anxn + an-1xn-1+ an-2xn-2 +...+ a1x+ a0 (where !" ≠ 0) be a polynomial function in standard form that has

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integral coefficients. THEN if the nonzero rational number in lowest terms is a zero of p(x), p must be
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a factor of the constant term a0 AND q must be a factor of the leading coefficient an…
Example 1: Determine the possible rational zeros of each polynomial.

1={123,46-12} IEEE]
PRZ :X 1,3 'T 'T , 3
PRZ :±{ 1,213,461123
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3,5 E I I, ,
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Is ,

quadratic
What kind of polynomial equation(s) can I solve easily?________________________________________
.

* check for GCF

What methods can I use to solve these easily?
N Factoring Square Roots always Quadratic Formula

Gaita -15=0
-91 p2 -25=0 -b±# 128
0%55=+5*413×+4--0
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Example 2: Determine the EXACT VALUES of the zeroes of each polynomial. Use your calculator
to get started.

PRZ -3, I
PRZ S
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718-47-60 22 65 20 4S 18
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}i
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(Tx -14717¥ -3¥
2,2×2-23×+6
22×-127122×-11 )
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(7×+4)/12-3 )
7×+4=0 → 7x= -43
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I = -2 IT IT

( thx -

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zeros
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3) (7×+4) ftx) # X -1311×+1141×-6712×-1)

c. f(x) = 9x 4 +131x 3 +183x 2 +9x-52 -

I 9x4 + 131x3 +183x2 +9x-52

d. f(x) =#
I 9 131 1839 -52 XS -15×4 -8×3-40×2

I Ija 214×75212-8×-40)
I s
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s
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40
fits
gxttx.se - 468 tv
(9×+117)/9×-4 ) 117-4=113 XZ 8=0
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( x -113719×-4)
x = I 252

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Zeros : O
, -5,1=252
zeros
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Ax)=fxtD4x -113×9×-4) ffx)=X2(xt5)CxZ 8) -

 Fundamental Theorem of Algebra: Every polynomial function of positive degree with complex coefficients
has at least one complex zero.
NOTE: The zero may be a real number since ANY real number r can be expressed as the complex
number r + 0i.

Number of Roots Theorem: If f (x) is a polynomial of degree n≥1 with complex coefficients, then f(x) = 0
has exactly n roots, where roots are counted according to their multiplicity.

Conjugate Pair Theorem: If f(x) = 0 is a polynomial equation with real coefficients, then when a+bi is a
root, a-bi is also a root. If f(x) = 0 is a polynomial equation with rational coefficients, then when " + √% is
a root, " − √% is also a root.

Example. 3: Determine ALL the zeros of each polynomial.

a. '()) = ) 2 − ) 5 + ) 7 − 3) − 6 -
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Z b. '()) = 2) 2 + 11) 5 + 2) 7 − 65) − 100
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4,2 .
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l -4J 2 -65 100

Is
2 11
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i:%
ties
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i.rs#EEfEEE**
2×2-18×-110
2/2+3=0 L

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FIT 47/2×-5674×+8
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zeros ,
f-Ex )=CXtl)Lx -27473)
Example 4: Determine the remaining zeros of the polynomial given one of the zeros. Explain how you arrived at
your answer.
'()) = ) 2 − 13) 5 + 61) 7 − 127) + 78 " G
61 127 78 6 I
f- ¥2
y 13
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t.it#iozbEEoubtEcTEi4
a
1×2-6×-113
b c 6Xz4 3. Izi

Zeros
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( x Nx 6) Cx text
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Example 5: Use your calculator to answer the following questions about the given polynomial function,
I {
) 2 − ) 5 + ) 7 − 3) − 6
'()) =- 1,214,8 ,
Possible Rational Roots: _____________________
x4 -7×3-465414×+88
11,22 , 44,88 }
___________________________________
46 -114 88
>4 7 4
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I 11
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Actual Rational Roots:_______________________

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" q.it#iE4z # Real Roots: _______________________

# Irrational Roots: _______________________
to rz Fr
Irrational Roots: _______________________
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# Imaginary Roots _______________________

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Imaginary Roots _______________________

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