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Lecture 05 (Delay Plus Continued)
Lecture 05 (Delay Plus Continued)
Queuing Delay
– Assume that all the packets are of equal length say L bits
– Then the average rate at which the bits arrive at the queue
will be La bits/sec
• Traffic Intensity
– If La/R is > 1
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• Traffic Intensity
– If La/R is > 1
• If the traffic intensity is close to one, there will be intervals of
time when the arrival rate exceeds the transmission capacity
and a queue will form.
– If La/R is < 1
• If the traffic intensity is close to zero, then the packets arrivals
are few and far between, and it is unlikely that an arriving
packet will find another packet in the queue.
Packet Loss
• In reality a queue has a finite capacity.
• With no place to store such a packet, a router will drop that packet; that is
the packet will be lost.
– Example:
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• Traceroute
– As these packets work their way towards the destination, they pass
through a series of routers.