GENERAL

MATHEMATICS
AGUSAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
FUNCTIONS AND THEIR
GRAPHS
FUNCTIONS AS MODELS
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME:
Expectations and outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the learners are able to:

1. RECALL THE FOLLOWING

• Definition of relations and Functions
• Identifying Functions as a machine, set of
ordered pairs, mapping diagrams and
graphs in cartesian plane
• Identify Domain and Range of a Function
RECALL!
 RELATIONS
A relation is a rule The elements of the A relation is a set
that relates values domain can be of ordered pairs
from a set of values imagined as input (𝑥, 𝑦).
(called the domain) to a machine that
to a second set of applies a rule to
values (called the these inputs to
range). generate one or
more outputs.
 FUNCTIONS
A function is a The elements of the A function is a set
relation where each domain can be of ordered pairs
element in the imagined as input (𝑥, 𝑦) such that no
domain is related to to a machine that two ordered pairs
have the same 𝑥
only one value in the applies a rule so
value.
range by some rule that each input
corresponds to only
one output.
 Relations vs. Functions
Relation Function
A relation 𝑅 between Let 𝑋 and 𝑌 be sets. Then a
two sets 𝑋 and 𝑌 is simply a function from 𝑋 to 𝑌, denoted by
subset of the Cartesian 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌, is a set 𝑓 of ordered pairs in
product 𝑋×𝑌 , i.e., a 𝑋 × 𝑌 such that for each 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 there
collection of ordered pairs exists a unique 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌 with (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑓.
(𝑥, 𝑦) where 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 and 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌. In other words, if (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑓 and
(𝑥, 𝑦 ′ ) ∈ 𝑓, then 𝑦 = 𝑦 ′ .
Function Notation
Function Notation: 𝒇(𝒙)

It is read as "𝑓 of 𝑥" or “function of

𝑥“ where 𝑥 is independent variable
and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 is the dependent
variable.
WAYS TO
FUNCTIONS AS MACHINE

FUNCTIONS AS SETS OF ORDERED PAIRS

REPRESENT FUNCTIONS AS MAPPING DIAGRAMS

FUNCTIONS FUNCTIONS AS GRAPHS IN CARTESIAN PLANE

Functions as Sets of Ordered Pairs
Let’s Practice. Determine whether the
following relations are functions or not.

1. 𝑓 = 5,1 , 6,0 , 7,1 , 8,0 , 9,0 Function

2. ℎ = 1,23 , 2,17 , 7,11 , 8,11 , 2,13 Not a Function

3. 𝑗 = 1,3 , 2,6 , 3,9 , … , 𝑛, 3𝑛 Function
 Functions as Sets of Ordered Pairs
Relations and functions can also be represented by mapping diagrams. Identify the following as function or not.

Mere Relation
Mere Relation
MANY-TO-MANY MAPPING
ONE-TO-MANY MAPPING

MANY-TO-ONE MAPPING
ONE-TO-ONE MAPPING
 • A function can be illustrated as a machine
where there is the input and the output.

• When you put an object (input) into a

FUNCTIONS machine, you expect a product as output
AS MACHINE after the process being done by the
machine.

• Functions can be represented as machines

with an input and an output in which the
output is related to the input by some rule.
ILLUSTRATION
Activity: THE RULE GAME

Direction:
I will input a photo and using the rule you will
give the output.
Activity: THE RULE GAME

RULE:

Spit out the title of

the TV series

OUTPUT:
Stranger Things
Click here to customize your own
Typeform!
Activity: THE RULE GAME

RULE:

Spit out the name of

this mobile game

OUTPUT:
Mobile
Click here to customize your own
Legends
Typeform!
Activity: THE RULE GAME

INPUT: RULE:
𝟐
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟓
𝒙=𝟐 OUTPUT:

−𝟏
Activity: THE RULE GAME

−𝟓

−𝟕
Functions as Graphs in Cartesian Plane
Tell whether the following graphs are functions or not.
Functions as Graphs in Cartesian Plane

The Vertical Line Test

A graph represents a function if and only if
each vertical line intersects the graph at most
once.
Functions as Graphs in Cartesian Plane
Tell whether the following graphs are functions or not.
Functions as Graphs in Cartesian Plane

Tell whether the following graphs are functions or not.

Mere Relation Function

Functions as Graphs in Cartesian Plane

Example:
Which of the following represents a
function?
2
1.𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2
2 2
2. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1
Go to https://www.desmos.com/calculator to graph
the relations above.
RECALL!
Functions as Sets of Ordered Pairs
Express the given relation to a mapping diagram:
𝑓 = 5,1 , 6,0 , 7,1 , 8,0 , 9,0
 Domain and Range of a Function

𝑋 𝑓 𝑌
•Domain: {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑}
0
pre-image
1 image
2 •Codomain: 𝟎, 𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟔, 𝟖
2
4

3 6
•Range: {𝟎, 𝟐, 𝟔}

𝒇: 𝑿 → 𝒀
Domain and Range of a Function

DOMAIN CODOMAIN • Domain

It is the set of inputs which serves as
entry value to the function rule. The set
of possible values the variable 𝑥 for
RANGE which the function is defined.
pre-image
𝒙
image
𝒇 𝒙 =𝒚
𝒚
• Codomain
It is the set of outputs.

• Range
𝒇: 𝑿 → 𝒀 It is the set of all possible outputs.
Domain and Range of a Function
Example. Identify the domain and range of
each relation.
Domain: {𝟎, −𝟏}
1. { 𝟎, −𝟏 , (−𝟏, 𝟏), 𝟎, 𝟐 } Range: {−𝟏, 𝟏, 𝟐}

2. 𝑿 𝒀
−𝟏 −𝟐

𝟎 𝟑
Domain: {−𝟏, 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐}
𝟏 𝟓
Range: {−𝟐, 𝟓, 𝟖}
𝟐 𝟖
Domain and Range of a Function

Example. Identify the domain of each relation.

𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
3. 𝒚 = 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐 4. 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟒 5. 𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝟏

Domain: {𝒙|𝒙 ∈ ℝ} Domain: {𝒙 ∈ ℝ|𝒙 ≥ −𝟏}

Click here to customize your own
Range: {𝒚 ∈ ℝ|𝒚 ≥ 𝟏} Domain:
Typeform! {𝒙 ∈ ℝ| − 𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐} Range: {𝒚 ∈ ℝ|𝒚 ≥ 𝟎}
Range: {𝒚 ∈ ℝ| − 𝟐 ≤ 𝒚 ≤ 𝟐}