GENERAL

MATHEMATICS
AGUSAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
FUNCTIONS AND THEIR
GRAPHS
FUNCTIONS AS MODELS
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME:
Expectations and outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the learners are able to:

1. represent real-life situations using

functions, including piece-wise functions,
and solve problems involving functions.
[M11GM-Ia-1], [M11GM-Ia-4]
Functions as Representation of Real-life Situations

Functions are often used to model real-life

situations. Identifying an appropriate
functional model will lead to a better
understanding of various phenomena.
Functions as Representation of Real-life Situations

Give an example of a relation in a real scenario

that represents a function.
Functions as Representation of Real-life Situations

Identify the following as FUNCTION OR A MERE

RELATION.

a)Filipino students to their current age.

b)Countries to its capital
c) A store to its merchandise.
d)A price to an item.
Click here to customize your own
e)A bank account to its current balance.
Typeform!
Functions as Representation of Real-life Situations

Recall!

Function Notation: 𝒇(𝒙)

Functions as Representation of Real-life Situations

Example 1.
Give a function 𝑪 that can represent the
cost of buying 𝒙 meals, if one meal costs ₱𝟒𝟎.

SOLUTION:
Since each meal costs ₱𝟒𝟎, the cost function is
Click here to customize your own
Typeform!

𝑪 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎𝒙
Functions as Representation of Real-life Situations

Example 2.
A car travels a distance 120 km after 𝒕 hours. Express
the velocity 𝑽 of the car as the function of the number
of hours 𝒕 it traveled.
SOLUTION:
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒅
Since 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒗 = , the function the
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 (𝒕)
function that represents the velocity
Click here to customize your own
𝑽 of the car in
Typeform! 𝟏𝟐𝟎
terms of number of hours 𝒕 is 𝐕 𝒕 = .
𝒕
Functions as Representation of Real-life Situations
Example 3.
A house is rented for ₱𝟒, 𝟖𝟎𝟎 per month. If the landlord
demanded a 𝟏𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎-peso deposit, determine the function
that represents the total amount of the money the tenant
have given to the landlord after a number of months.
SOLUTION:
Let 𝑨 𝒎 be the function that represents the total
amount of money given to the landlord after 𝒎 months.
Since the deposit i𝐬 ₱𝟏𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 and each month, the tenant
pays ₱𝟒, 𝟖𝟎𝟎, the function is given by
Click here to customize your own
𝑨 𝒎 =
Typeform!
𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎.
Functions as Representation of Real-life Situations

Example 4.
A 𝟏𝟎𝟎 m fencing materials is available to enclose
a rectangular area next to a river. Give a function 𝑨
that can represent the area that can be enclosed, in
terms of 𝒙.

Click here to customize your own

Typeform!
Functions as Representation of Real-life Situations
Example 4. A 100 m fencing materials is available to enclose a rectangular
area next to a river. Give a function 𝐴 that can represent the area that can be
enclosed, in terms of 𝑥.

Click here to customize your own

Typeform!
Functions as Representation of Real-life Situations
Example 4. A 100 m fencing materials is available to enclose a rectangular
area next to a river. Give a function 𝐴 that can represent the area that can be
enclosed, in terms of 𝑥.
SOLUTION:
• The area of the rectangular enclosure is 𝑨 = 𝒙𝒚.
• We will write this as a function of 𝒙.
• Since only 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒎 of fencing is available,
𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝒙
then 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 or 𝒚 = .
𝟐

Click here to customize your own

𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒙−𝒙𝟐
Thus, 𝑨 𝒙 = 𝒙
Typeform! or 𝑨 𝒙 =
𝟐 𝟐
Functions as Representation of Real-life Situations

Example 5.
The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food
for a party is ₱𝟏𝟓𝟎 per head for 𝟓𝟎 persons or less,
₱𝟏𝟑𝟎 per head for 𝟓𝟏 to 𝟏𝟎𝟎 persons and ₱𝟏𝟏𝟎 per
head for more than 𝟏𝟎𝟎 persons. Represent the
total cost 𝑪 in terms of the number of attendees 𝒉.
NOTE: This situation can only be described by more
than one formula.
Domain and Range of a Function
Definition
A piecewise-defined function is a function that is
defined by two or more equations over a specified
domain.
𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝟏 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝟏
Can be denoted by: 𝒇 𝒙 = ൞𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝟐 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝟐
𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝟑 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝟑

NOTE: The domain of the function is the union of these smaller

domains (domain 𝟏, 𝟐, and 𝟑 in the notation).
Domain and Range of a Function
Example 5.
The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is ₱150
per head for 50 persons or less, ₱130 per head for more than 50 up to
100 persons and ₱110 per head for more than 100 persons. Represent
the total cost 𝐶 in terms of the number of attendees ℎ.
SOLUTION:
It can be expressed as a piecewise function

𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒉 𝒊𝒇 𝟎 ≤ 𝒉 ≤ 𝟓𝟎 When there are 50 persons or less

𝑪 𝒉 =൞ 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝒉 𝒊𝒇 𝟓𝟎 < 𝒉 ≤ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 When there are more than 50 up to 100 persons

𝟏𝟏𝟎𝒉 𝒊𝒇 𝒉 > 𝟏𝟎𝟎 When there are more than 100 persons
Domain and Range of a Function
Example 6.
A user is charged ₱𝟑𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎 monthly for a particular mobile
plan, which includes 𝟏𝟎𝟎 free text messages. Messages in excess of
𝟏𝟎𝟎 are charged ₱𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 each. Represent the amount a consumer
pays each month as a function of the number of messages 𝒎 sent in
a month.
SOLUTION:
Let 𝑻(𝒎) represent the amount paid by the consumer each month.
It can be expressed by the piecewise function
𝟑𝟎𝟎, 𝒊𝒇 𝟎 ≤ 𝒎 ≤ 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑻 𝒎 =ቊ
𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒊𝒇 𝒎 > 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Domain and Range of a Function

Example 7.
A jeepney ride costs ₱ 𝟖. 𝟎𝟎 for the first 𝟒
kilometers, and each additional integer kilometer adds
₱ 𝟏. 𝟓𝟎 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to
represent the jeepney fare in terms of the distance d
in kilometers.
Domain and Range of a Function
FLOOR FUNCTION
A function that takes an
input as a real number and
gives an output that is the
greatest integer less than or
equal to the resulting
number. It is denoted by the
following symbols
, 𝒐𝒓 ۤ ‫ۥ‬
CEILING FUNCTION
A function that takes an
input as a real number and
gives an output that is the
least integer greater than or
equal to the resulting number.
It is denoted by the following
symbols
, 𝒐𝒓 ‫ۤ ۥ‬
 Domain and Range of a Function
Example 7.
A jeepney ride costs ₱𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝟎 for the first 𝟒 kilometers, and each
additional integer kilometer adds ₱𝟏. 𝟓𝟎 to the fare. Use a piecewise
function to represent the jeepney fare in terms of the distance d in
kilometers.
SOLUTION:
The input value is distance and the output is the distance and the
output is the cost of the jeepney fare. If 𝑭(𝒅) represents the fare as a
function of distance, the function can be represented as follows:
𝟏𝟎, 𝒊𝒇 𝟎 < 𝒅 ≤ 𝟒
𝑭 𝒅 =ቊ
𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒅 − 𝟒 𝒊𝒇 𝒅 > 𝟒
Domain and Range of a Function

𝟏𝟎, 𝒊𝒇 𝟎 < 𝒅 ≤ 𝟒
𝑭 𝒅 =ቊ
𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒅 − 𝟒 𝒊𝒇 𝒅 > 𝟒
NOTE:
The symbol 𝑑 − 4 denotes the greatest integer or
floor function applied to 𝒅 − 𝟒. The floor function
gives the largest integer less than or equal to 𝒅 e.g.
𝟒. 𝟏 = 𝟒. 𝟗 = 𝟒
 1.A person is earning ₱600 per day
to do a certain job. Express the
total salary 𝑆 as a function of the
LET’S TRY! number 𝑛 of days that the person
works.

ANSWER:
𝑺 𝒏 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒏
 2. A videoke machine can be rented for
₱ 1000 for 2 days or less, but if it
surpasses 2 days, an additional cost of
₱400 per day (or a fraction of a day) is
LET’S TRY! added. Represent the cost of renting a
videoke machine as a piecewise function
of the number of days it is rented.

ANSWER:
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒊𝒇 𝟎 < 𝒅 ≤ 𝟐
𝑪 𝒅 =ቊ
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝑑 − 2 𝒊𝒇 𝒅 > 𝟐
What is the importance of Functions in
our daily living?