COMPARATIV

E MODELS IN
POLICING
MIDTERM COVERAGE
The emblem, in use since 1950,
comprises the following elements:
• The globe, to indicate that our
activities are worldwide;
• Olive branches symbolizing
peace;
• Scales symbolizing justice;
• A vertical sword, symbolizing
police action;
• The name "INTERPOL";
• The abbreviation "ICPO" and its
French equivalent "OIPC".
• The full name is “The International
Criminal Police Organization –
INTERPOL”, which is abbreviated to
"ICPO–INTERPOL". For general
communications purposes, they use to say
INTERPOL.
• It is an abbreviation of "international police"
and it was chosen in 1946 as a telegraphic
address.
INTERPOL
• is an organization facilitating international police
cooperation
• It was established as the International Criminal
Police Commission in 1923 and adopted its
telegraphic address as its common name in 1956.
• INTERPOL is the world’s largest International
Police Organization, with 190 now 195 member
countries.
• They work together and with the General Secretariat
to share date related to police investigations.
• Created in 1923, it facilitates cross-border police
co-operation, and supports and assists all
organizations, authorities and services whose
mission is to prevent or combat international crime .
• is an intergovernmental body established to promote
mutual cooperation between police authorities
around the world and to develop means of
effectively preventing crime.
• INTERPOL aims to facilitate international
police co-operation even where diplomatic
relations do not exist between particular
countries. Action is taken within the limits of
existing laws in different countries and in the
spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights. INTERPOL’s constitution prohibits
‘any intervention or activities of a political,
military, religious or racial character.’
What does INTERPOL do?
• The General Secretariat provides a range of expertise
and services to our member countries.
• Manage 19 police databases with information on
crimes and criminals (from names and fingerprints to
stolen passports), accessible in real-time to countries.
• Offer investigative support such as forensics, analysis
and assistance in locating fugitives around the world.
• This expertise supports national efforts in
combating crimes across three global areas we
consider the most pressing today; terrorism,
cybercrime and organized crime.
• Officials working in each specialized crime area
run a variety of different activities alongside
member countries. This can be investigative
support, field operations, training and networking.
 A global platform
• Today’s crimes are increasingly international. It is
crucial that there is coordination among all the different
players in maintaining a global security architecture.
• Since INTERPOL is a global organization, it can
provide this platform for cooperation; we enable police
to work directly with their counterparts, even between
countries which do not have diplomatic relations
• also provide a voice for police on the world stage,
engaging with governments at the highest level to
encourage this cooperation and use of our services
 INTERPOL Vision
“Connecting police for a safer world.”

INTERPOL Mission
“Preventing and fighting crime through
enhanced cooperation and innovation on
police and security matters.
INTERPOL’s Leadership

• The President of INTERPOL and the

Secretary General work closely
together in providing strong leadership
and direction to the Organization.
INTERPOL’s Structure
The INTERPOL comprises the following:

• General Assembly
• Executive Committee
• General Secretariat
• National Central Bureaus
• Advisers
• The Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s
Files
• General Assembly
• INTERPOL’s supreme governing body, it
meets annually and comprises delegates
appointed by each member country.
• The assembly takes all important decisions
related to policy, resources, working
methods, finances, activities and programs. It
also elects the Organization's Executive
Committee
• Executive Committee
• this 13-member committee is elected
by the General Assembly, and comprises
the president, three vice-presidents
and nine delegates covering the four
regions.
How long is the tenure of duty of the
executive committee?
President
4 years
They are not immediately eligible for re-
election either to the same posts, or as
delegates to the Executive Committee.
Ahmed Naser Al-Raisi
• He is the INTERPOL's current President, Ahmed
Naser Al-Raisi of the United Arab Emirates. Mr Al-
Raisi was elected at the 89th General Assembly in
Istanbul in November 2021 and will serve as
President until 2025.
• He is also the inspector general of the United Arab
Emirate's interior ministry
Kim Jong Yang
• From the Republic of Korea
• The INTERPOL’s president from year
2018-2021.
• General Secretariat
• located in Lyon, France, the General
Secretariat operates 24 hours a day, 365
days a year and is run by the Secretary
General.
INTERPOL Global Complex
Based in Singapore since 2015, the
for Innovation INTERPOL Global Complex for Innovation
is the center of our activities in cybercrime,
research and development, and capacity
building. It also provides an Asian base for
the Organization in several crime areas.
• It coordinates the international activities of
member countries, holds a library of
international criminal records, and organizes
regular meetings at which delegates can
exchange information on police work.
• The General Secretariat operates 24 hours a
day, 365 days a year.
 Current Secretary General - Jürgen
Stock
• The current Secretary General is Jürgen
Stock of Germany, appointed by the 83rd
General Assembly session in Monaco,
November 2014, and reappointed in 2019
to serve a second five-year term by the 88th
General Assembly in Chile.
• The Secretary General engages with leaders
at both policing and political levels to
increase support for the Organization,
advocating for our role within today’s global
security architecture, and being a voice for
policing matters on the world stage.
• In November 2016, Mr Stock was the
first INTERPOL Secretary General to
address the United Nations General
Assembly, which approved a resolution
to further enhance collaboration
between the UN and INTERPOL
against transnational crime and
terrorism.
• National Central Bureaus (NCB)
• Each INTERPOL member country maintains
a National Central Bureau staffed by national
law enforcement officers.
• The NCB is the designated contact point for
the General Secretariat, regional offices and
other member countries requiring assistance
with overseas investigations and the location
and apprehension of fugitives.
• In the Philippines we have the
PCTC (Philippine Center on
Transnational Crime
• Advisers – These are experts in a
purely advisory capacity, who may
be appointed by the Executive
Committee and confirmed by the
General Assembly.
COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF
INTERPOL’S FILES (CCF)
• To ensure that the processing of personal information
by INTERPOL complies with the Organization's
regulations,
• To advise INTERPOL on any project, operation, set
of rules or other matter involving the processing of
personal information and
• To process requests concerning the information
contained in INTERPOL's files
The INTERPOL Notices System
• An Interpol notice or international notice is
issued by Interpol to share information
between its members.
 • To seek the arrest or
Red Notice provisional arrest of wanted
persons with a view to
extradition.
• A Red Notice is a request to
law enforcement worldwide
to locate and provisionally
arrest a person pending
extradition, surrender, or
similar legal action.
It contains two main types of
information:
• Information to identify the wanted person, such as their
name, date of birth, nationality, hair and eye color,
photographs and fingerprints if available.
• Information related to the crime they are wanted for, which
can typically be murder, rape, child abuse or armed
robbery.
Red Notices are published by INTERPOL at the request of a
member country, and must comply with INTERPOL’s
Constitution and Rules. A Red Notice is not an international
arrest warrant.
Black Notice
To seek
information on
unidentified
bodies.
Yellow Notice
To help locate missing
persons, often minors, or
to help identify persons
who are unable to
identify themselves.
Blue Notice
To collect additional
information about a
person’s identity or
activities in relation to
a crime.
Green Notice
To provide warnings and
criminal intelligence about
persons who have committed
criminal offenses and are
likely to repeat these crimes
in other countries
Orange Notice
To warn police, public entities
and other international
organizations about potential
threats from disguised
weapons, parcel bombs and
other dangerous materials.
PHILIPPINE CENTER ON TRANSNATIONAL
CRIME (PCTC) (E.O 62)

• Its mission was to formulate and

implement a concerted program of
action of all law enforcement and
government agencies for the prevention
and control of transnational crimes.
 CORE FUNCTIONS
1.Secure global police communication
services
⮚INTERPOL’s global police
communications system, known as I-24/7,
enables police in all member countries to
request, submit and access vital data
instantly in a secure environment.
2. Operational data services and databases
for police
⮚Member countries have direct and immediate
access to a wide range of databases including
information on known criminals, fingerprints,
DNA profiles and stolen or lost travel
documents. INTERPOL also disseminates
critical crime-related data through a system
of international notices.
3. Operational police support services
⮚INTERPOL provides law enforcement
officials in the field with emergency support
and operational activities, especially in its
priority crime areas. A Command and Co-
ordination Centre operates 24 hours a day,
seven days a week and can deploy an
Incident Response Team to the scene of a
serious crime or disaster.
4. Police training and development
⮚INTERPOL provides focused police
training initiatives with the aim of
enhancing the capacity of member
countries to effectively combat
transnational crime and terrorism. This
includes sharing knowledge, skills and
best practices in policing and establishing
global standards.
 BACKGROUND
• The conclusion of the cold war and the subsequent
easing of tension among countries brought a new
world order veering toward global cooperation in
terms of politics, economy and other fields.
• This, coupled with the rapid advancement in
technology, is leading to the “shrinking world”
characterized by rapid mobility of persons, money,
information, ideas and commodities.
⮚The international community, therefore,
considers these developments as the key to
world peace and stability. However, barely
had the world savored the respite from
tension when a new unforeseen threat to the
security of nations emerged – the
phenomenon of transnational crime.
• A consensus is emerging to define
transnational crime as a crime which has
international dimension. Among others, this
implies crossing of at least one border before,
during or after the fact. Therefore, it is a
concern of at least two affected countries that
they must jointly address.
• The Philippine government was quick to
discern the magnitude of the menace and the
urgency of the need for a concerted global
action against it.
• During the 6th ASEAN Summit on
December 15, 1998, in Hanoi, Vietnam, the
Philippines expressed the desire to host the
ASEAN Center for Combating Transnational
Crime.
• Such Center shall be the focal point of
all coordination and cooperation
among ASEAN member countries in
combating transnational crime.
 POWERS AND FUNCTIONS
1. To establish, through the use of modern
information and telecommunications
technology, a shared central database among
government agencies for information on
criminals, methodologies, arrests and
convictions on the following transnational
crimes:
⮚Illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic
substances;
⮚Money laundering;
⮚Terrorism;
⮚Arms Smuggling;
⮚Trafficking in Persons;
⮚Piracy; and
⮚Other crimes that have an impact on the stability
and security of the country;
2. To supervise and control the conduct of anti-
transnational crime operations of all government
agencies and instrumentalities;
3. To establish a central database on national as
well as international legislation and jurisprudence
on transnational crime, with the end in view of
recommending measures to strengthen responses
and provide immediate intervention for the
prevention, detection and apprehension of
criminals operating in the country;
4. To establish a center for strategic research
on the structure and dynamics of transnational
crime in all its forms, and predict trends and
analyze relationships of given factors for the
formulation of individual and collective
strategies for the prevention and detection of
transnational organized crime and for the
apprehension of the criminal elements
involved;
5. To design programs and projects aimed
at enhancing national capacity-building in
combating transnational crime, as well as
supporting the related programs and
projects of other ASEAN International
Centers;
6. To explore and coordinate information
exchanges and training with other government
agencies, foreign countries and international
organizations involved in the combat against
transnational crime; and
7. To perform such functions and carry
out such activities as may be directed by
the President.
 Executive Order No.62 dated January 15,
1999
• The mission of the Philippine Center on
Transnational Crime (PCTC) is to formulate
and implement a concerted program of action
of all law enforcement, intelligence and other
government agencies for the prevention and
control of transnational crime.
 Executive Order No. 295

• This places all law enforcement task

forces and special project groups under
the direct supervision and control of the
Presidential Anti-Organized Crime
Commission (PAOCC).
• This Executive Order, in effect, amended
Executive Order No. 62 particularly with regard
to the provision on the exercise of direct
supervision and control over the Center.
• The PCTC was transferred from the
NAPOLCOM to the Presidential Anti-Organized
Crime Commission (PAOCC) in order to ensure
a focused and coordinated response against all
forms of TNCs.
 Executive Order No. 146 dated
October 22, 2002
• Amending Executive Order No.62,
transferring the general supervision and
control of the Philippine Center on
Transnational Crime to the Office of the
National Security Adviser.
 Executive Order No. 265 dated January 23, 2004

• Creating the Office of the Special

Envoy on Transnational Crime
consolidating all efforts of inter-agency
bodies to ensure the efficacy to combat
transnational crime in the country.
 Executive Order No. 735 dated June 20, 2008

• Placing the Philippine Center on

Transnational Crime, Created under
Executive Order No. 62 dated January
15, 1999, Under the Department of
Interior and Local Government.
• In addition to its inherent mission and
functions, The Center also serves as the
Secretariat of the Executive Council to
Suppress Trafficking in Persons Especially
Women and Children as provided in
Executive Order No. 220 and the Anti-Fraud
Task Force Executive Order No. 331. It has
also emerged as an active player in various
regional and international initiatives to
combat transnational crimes.
 Executive Order No. 35 dated April 11, 2011
• Transferring the control and supervision of the
Philippine Center on Transnational Crime from the
Department of the Interior and Local Government to the
Office of the President to enhance the coordination
among its departments, bureaus, offices, agencies, and
instrumentalities for a “whole of government approach”
towards a more efficient, coordinated, collaborative,
and synergized effort against organized transnational
criminal activity, and to link national efforts with
international agencies and institutions directly involved
in the global campaign against transnational crimes.
 The PCTC Command and Control
Structure:
1. The PCTC is under the Office of the President.
 
2. The Executive Director has immediate
supervision and control over all units of the
PCTC. As such, he is authorized to designate
duties and functions of all units and personnel of
the PCTC.
3. The Executive Director has direct
operational and supervisory authority
over personnel and resources detailed
with the PCTC.
 Coordination and Networks
A. In the pursuance of its mission and
functions, the PCTC shall be assisted by the
following government agencies and
instrumentalities:
1. Philippine National Police (PNP);
2. National Bureau of Investigation (NBI);
3. National Action Committee on Anti-Hijacking and
Anti-Terrorism (NACAHT);
4. Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Task Force
(PAOCTF);
5. Presidential Anti-Smuggling Task Force (PASTF);
6. National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM);
7. Department of the Interior and Local Government
(DILG);
8. Department of Justice (DOJ);
9. Department of Finance (DOF);
10. Department of Transportation and Communication
(DOTC);
11. Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB);
12. National Prosecution Service (NPS);
13. Bureau of Immigration and Deportation (BID);
14. Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR);
15. Bureau of Customs (BOC);
16. National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA);
17. Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP);
18. Land Transportation Office (LTO);
19. National Telecommunication Commission
(NTC);
20. National Statistics and Census Office
(NSCO); and
21. Other Government Agencies
2. The PCTC shall address the
requirement of putting strong and
intensified focus against transnational
organized crime in the course of the
government’s anti-crime campaign.
 
3. The PNP continues to be the primary
general law enforcement agency of the
country.
4. The Executive Director, PCTC; the Chief,
PNP; and the heads of other concerned
government agencies shall undertake close
coordination and cooperation to insure synergy
in the over-all anti-transnational crime campaign.
 
5. The Executive Director, PCTC shall endorse
attendance to all trainings/conferences/seminars
related on transnational crimes (EO 100).
PCTC Strategy/Program of Action

The PCTC has adopted the following strategy and

program of action:
⮚Information exchange with government agencies,
foreign countries and international organizations;
⮚Strategic studies research on the structure and
dynamics of all forms of transnational crimes and
formulate strategies to detect and prevent such
crimes and apprehend criminal elements involved;
⮚Law enforcement coordination and
operation against all forms of
transnational crime in coordination with
concerned law enforcement agencies;
⮚Capacity building through formulation
and development of community crises
management, law enforcement training
and staff development.
PCTC Officials
• USEC ALFRED S
CORPUS (RET)
Executive Director/
Head INTERPOL
NCB Manila
• DIR CELSO L
BAEL (RET)
Head Executive
Assistant/
Deputy Head
INTERPOL NCB
Manila
Directorate for Admin and Finance
• PLTCOL CAEZAR P
CABUHAT
Director/Head
Secretariat
INTERPOL NCB
Manila
Directorate for Plans and Programs

• PLTCOL NANCY
MAY RAFAEL
(Director)
Visayas Field Office
• MAJ JESTER C
CANOY   
Chief
Western Mindanao Field Office
• PMAJ FRANCIS
A BRIONES   
Chief
Eastern Mindanao Field Office
• PSSUPT
ALFREDO T
TOROCTOCON
(RET)
Chief
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