ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Cells of the epidermis are linked together via __________

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM-PRACTICE TEST which rivet the plasma membranes of the two cells together
with a network of fine proteins and intercellular cement.

a) gap junctions
Malignant melanoma b) voltage gated ion channels
c) desmosomes
a) usually arises from melanocytes in a preexisting mole. d) tight junctions
b) is the least dangerous form of skin cancer.
c) rarely metastasizes. Paul is on the newest diet craze. After a couple of weeks of
d) is the least dangerous form of skin cancer and usually eating only carrots and carrot-based products, he begins to
arises from melanocytes in a preexisting mole. notice that his skin has a decidedly yellowish tint. This is
e) is the most common type of skin cancer. because

The nail grows from the a) his change in diet has nothing to due with the yellowish tint.
It is just a natural change due to aging.
a) eponychium. b) excess melanin from his diet has accumulated in the lipids
b) lunula. of the dermis.
c) stratum corneum. c) liver damage has occurred, and bile pigments are building
d) nail matrix. up.
e) nail body. d) excess carotene from his diet has accumulated in the
lipids of the stratum corneum.
Which of the following statements is FALSE? e) he has recently been exposed to a lot of ultraviolet light.

a) The production of cells within the nail matrix results in the
growth of the nail.
b) The cells of a nail are filled with a special hard type of
keratin.
c) The nail consists of layers of living cells from the stratum
corneum.
d) Nails grow continually and do not have a resting stage.
e) The nail matrix and nail bed have a stratum basale.
Which of the following conditions is incorrectly paired with
its symptoms?
a) Vitamin A deficiency - excess keratin deposits in skin
leading to sand paper-like texture
b) iron deficiency anemia - nails become flat or concave
(spoon-like)
c) psoriasis - fungal infection causing circular scaly lesions
d) cyanosis - bluish color of skin resulting from decreased
blood oxygen content
e) acne - inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
The shaft is a structural component found associated with
Which of the following helps in preventing the spread and
growth of some types of skin cancer to other areas of the
body?
a) an avascular (with out blood vessels) epidermis
b) basement membranes and an avascular (with out blood
vessels) epidermis are correct.
c) gap junctions
d) basement membranes
e) gap junctions and basement membranes are correct
When exposed to the cold, the ears and nose may appear
red. This is because
a) cyanosis occurs when blood flow slows down.
b)blood vessels in the nose and ears have constricted to
conserve heat.
c) cold causes an inflammatory reaction in the nose and ears.
d) the nose and ears have a thicker, more keratinized stratum
corneum than the rest of the face.
e) blood vessels dilate to prevent tissue damage from the
cold.

a) hair (or hair follicle). The type of glands that lubricate skin and hair and protect
b) glands. against some bacteria are
c) nails (or nail bed).
d) sensory receptors. a) both eccrine and apocrine sweat glands.
b) apocrine sweat glands.
The lunula is part of the c) All glands of the skin have this property.
d) sebaceous glands.
a) nail body. e) eccrine sweat glands.
b) eponychium.
c) nail root. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aging of the
d) stratum corneum. integumentary system?
e) nail matrix.
a) decreased number of melanocytes
___________ is a fungal infection of the skin. b) increase in activity of sweat and sebaceous glands
c) loss of elastic fibers in the skin
a) Ringworm d) loss of pigment in hair
b) Psoriasis e) skin becomes thinner and more transparent
c) Acne
d) Eczema Which of the following statements is true concerning skin
e) Shingles cancer?

a) Basal cell carcinoma produces an open ulcer.

b) Squamous cell carcinoma often arises from a preexisting
mole.
c) Squamous cell carcinoma arises from cells within the Heavy smoking destroys pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
stratum basale. in the trachea ("windpipe"). Which of these conditions might
d) Malignant melanoma poses little danger of metastasis. occur in the trachea if replacement epithelial cells were not
e) All of these statements are true. ciliated?

The dermis a) accumulation of mucus in the trachea

a) consists of collagen and elastic fibers.
b) is responsible for most of the structural strength of the skin.
c) contains fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages.
d) has dermal papillae.
e) has all of these characteristics.
Regeneration of the epidermis in a second degree burn
a) comes from epithelial cells within the hair follicles and sweat
glands.
b) comes from epithelial cells at the edges of the damaged
area.
c) requires the use of skin grafts.
d)comes from epithelial cells within the hair follicles and
sweat glands and comes from epithelial cells at the edges of
the damaged area are correct.
e) All of these are correct.
Stratified epithelial tissues
a) have multiple layers of cells that hinder movement of
materials into the body and are found in areas of the body
where abrasions can occur are correct.
b) aid in the movement of materials into the body.
c) are found in areas of the body where abrasions can occur.
d) have a single layer of cells and a basement membrane.
e) have multiple layers of cells that hinder movement of
materials into the body.
You would normally expect to find ____________________ in
the outer layer of skin.
a) stratified squamous epithelium
b) transitional epithelium
c) simple columnar epithelium
d) simple squamous epithelium
e) simple cuboidal epithelium
b) accumulation of foreign particles in the trachea
c) increased coughing
d) Both accumulation of foreign particles in the trachea and
increased coughing would be expected.
e) All of these would be expected.
Keratinization
a) is a process that epidermal cells undergo as they move to
the surface.
b) produces cells filled with keratin.
c) gives the stratum corneum its structural strength.
d) produces an outer layer of epidermal cells that resist
abrasion.
e) has all of these properties.
Third-degree burns
a) are also called partial thickness burns.
b) cause immediate pain.
c) involve only the epidermis.
d) result in excessive fluid loss.
e) have all of these characteristics.
Which of the following statements about hair is NOT correct?
a) The hair follicle is an extension of the epidermis into the
dermis.
b) The cuticle is a single layer of overlapping cells that holds
the hair in the follicle.
c) Hair grows in cycles.
d) The hair root and shaft are made up of continuously
dividing cells.
e) The hair follicle can be an important source of epithelial
cells for repairing areas of the surface epidermis.
The type of glands that open into a hair follicle and have a
thick organic secretion are

Melanin a) sebaceous glands.

b) All glands of the skin have this property.
a) is a pigment produced by cells in the stratum corneum. c) eccrine sweat glands.
b) is produced by melanocytes. d) both eccrine and apocrine sweat glands.
c) is responsible for cyanosis. e) apocrine sweat glands.
d) is responsible for birthmarks.
e) is all of these. Epithelium that consists of a single layer of cells, in which
some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface and
Which of the following is FALSE? others do not, is classified as

a) In partial thickness burns, some part of the stratum basale a) simple columnar epithelium.
remains intact and able to regenerate. b) pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
b) In a first degree burn, regeneration of the epidermis comes c) transitional epithelium.
from within the burn area and from the undamaged tissues at d) simple squamous epithelium.
the edges of the burn. e) stratified squamous epithelium.
c) Partial thickness burns can also be classified as first or
second degree burns based on the degree of damage to the To be safe and effective, sunscreen preparations should
skin. block
d) In partial thickness burns, the dermis and the epidermis
are completely destroyed. a) all forms of radiation other than UVA or UVB.
b) both UVA and UVB.
c) UVB only.
d) UVA only.
The appearance of age spots is typified by d) decreased systemic blood pressure and development of
cardiovascular shock.
a) altered blood flow to the skin (overall or in small areas). e) decreased permeability of remaining capillaries in damaged
b) collection of abnormal pigment (not melanin) in the skin. area.
c) increased production of melanin by normal number of
melanocytes. A yellowish skin color could be the result of
d) decreased oxygen content of blood.
e) increased number of active melanocytes. a) liver damage.
b) decreased oxygen content in blood.
Which of the following functions of the integumentary system c) allergic reactions.
is NOT correctly matched with an example? d) scarlet fever.

a) sensation — pain, heat, cold, and pressure receptors in the

skin
b) temperature regulation — radiation and convection of heat
from blood flowing in the dermis
c) excretion — hydrogen ions are moved from the skin into
the urine
d) vitamin D production — active vitamin D is produced from a
precursor molecule
e) All of these are correctly matched.

The hypodermis

a) can be used to estimate total body fat.

b) is usually considered to be part of the skin itself.
c) is a layer of dense connective tissue.
d) is the layer between the dermis and epidermis.
e) has all of these characteristics.

The hypodermis

a) is also called subcutaneous tissue.

b) is loose connective tissue that attaches the skin to
underlying bone and muscle.
c) is important for padding and insulation.
d) contains about half of the body's stored fat.
e) has all of these characteristics.

In the figure, the letter A best represents

a) the subcutaneous tissue.

b) a sweat gland.
c) a hair follicle.
d) an arrector pili muscle.
e) a sebaceous gland.

When a cancer is said to have metastasized, it means that

a) it has broken through the epidermis and formed a freckle on

the skin.
b) it has stopped growing.
c) it has changed color and shrunk in size.
d) it has spread to other areas of the body.
e) it has been destroyed by the body's defenses.

Racial variations in skin color are determined by:

a) the number of melanocytes

b) the amount and type of melanin produced
c) the distribution and deposition of melanin
d) all of the above
e) B and C only.

One of the most immediately life-threatening results of burns

to large areas of the body is

a) total suppression of the immune system.

b) dangerously high systemic blood pressures.
c) depression of overall metabolic rate.