Universidad de San Andrés Mathematics Diploma

CANDIDATE

NAME

ID NUMBER

Paper C (Extended)

November 2022

1 hour 30 minutes

Additional Materials: Geometrical Instruments

Graphics Calculator

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name and ID number on all the work you hand in.
Write in blue or black pen or HB pencil.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all the questions.

Unless instructed otherwise, give your answers exactly or correct to three significant figures as appropriate.
Answers in degrees should be given to one decimal place.
For π, use your calculator value or 3.142.

You must show all the relevant working to gain full marks and you will be given marks for correct methods,
including sketches, even if your answer is incorrect.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 36.
 Answer both parts A and B

A. MODELING. THE LUHN ALGORITHM (18 marks)

You are advised to spend no more than 45 minutes on this part.

Credit cards contain account numbers that consist of many digits. When purchasing online you are often
asked to type in your account number. Because there are so many digits, it easy to type the numbers
incorrectly. The last digit of the number is specially generated to quickly verify the validity of the number. A
common method is the Luhn algorithm. A series of operations are performed on the numbers and a final result
is produced. If the final result is zero, the credit card is valid. Otherwise, it is not valid. The flow chart below
shows the operations performed by the Luhn algorithm.

Accept any number to check

Reverse the digits.

Add all the digits in the odd position.

Call this 𝐴.

Double each of the remaining digits.

Add the digits of each of the products calculated above and then find
the sum of the numbers obtained.
Call this 𝐵.

Calculate 𝐶 = 𝐴 + 𝐵.

Does 𝐶 end in 0?

Yes No

Valid Invalid
 1. Consider the credit card number

87635874

Let’s compute if it is valid or not.

Reverse digits: 47853678

(a) Find 𝐴 and 𝐵.

𝐴 = 4 + 8 + 3 + ____ = ____

For 𝐵, we have: 2 × 7 = 14

2 × 5 = 10
2 × ___ = 12
___ × ___ = ___
Then 𝐵 = (1 + 4) + (1 + 0) + (1 + 2) + __________ = 5 + 1 + 3 + ____ = _____

[1]

(b) The value of 𝐶 is 𝐶 = ___ + ___ = ___

[1]

(c) Circle the correct answer

“8 7 6 3 5 8 7 4 is a valid/invalid credit card.”

[1]

2. Consider that 𝑿 is a digit from 0 to 9.

Following the algorithm, find the values of 𝑿 so that the credit card number is valid

87635𝑿7𝑿

Reverse digits: 𝑿7𝑿53678

𝐴 = ____ + ____ + ____ + ____ = ____

𝐵 = (1 + 4) + (1 + 0) + (1 + 2) + (1 + 6) = 16

𝐶 = _______ + _______ = _______

Answer: 𝑿 =_____________ and 𝑿 =_____________ [3]

3. A new credit card has the following number, where 𝒀 is a digit from 0 to 9.

8763Y8Y4Y6Y8

Reverse digits: 8𝒀6𝒀4𝒀8𝒀3678

𝐴 = 8 + 6 + 4 + 8 + 3 + 7 = 36
Z is the addition of the digits of 2 × 𝒀.
(a) Complete the following table

𝒀 2x𝒀 Add digits (Z ) Y 2x𝒀 Add digits (Z )

0 0 0 5 10 1+0=1
1 2 2 6 12 1+2=3
2 4 4 7 14 1 + 4 = __
3 6 6 8 ____ __ + __ =__
4 8 8 9 ____ __ + __ =__

[1]

(b) Calculate C in terms of Z

𝐶 = _________________ [2]

(c) Find all the possible values for 𝒀 so that the credit card is valid.

𝒀 =_____________and 𝒀 =_____________ [2]

4. A new credit card has the following number

87630804𝑹6𝑾8

where 𝑾 and 𝑹 are integers from 0 to 9.

In this credit card 𝑹 < 𝑾.

Given that the reverse digits are:

8𝑾6𝑹40803678
and that

𝐴 = 8 + 6 + 4 + 8 + 3 + 7 = 36

(a) Complete the claim: “The credit card number is valid if 𝐵 =________ or 𝐵 =________.”
Show your reasoning.

[1]

𝑍 𝑊 is the addition of the digits of 2 x 𝑾.

𝑍 𝑅 is the addition of the digits of 2 x 𝑹.

(b) Find 𝐵 in terms of the sum of twice the digit of 𝑍 𝑊 and 𝑍 𝑅 .

_____________ [2]
(c) Find all pairs of values 𝑹 and 𝑾, such that 𝑹 < 𝑾, so that the credit card number is valid.
Show your work.

𝑹 = _____________ and 𝑾 = _____________

𝑹 = _____________ and 𝑾 = _____________

𝑹 = _____________ and 𝑾 = _____________

𝑹 = _____________ and 𝑾 = _____________

[4]
B. INVESTIGATION. REGULAR HEXAGONS (18 marks)

You are advised to spend no more than 45 minutes on this part.

A polygon is regular when all the interior angles are equal and all the sides are equal.

The sum of the interior angles of a polygon of 𝑛 sides is

S(n) = (n − 2) × 180°

𝐻0 is a regular hexagon with perimeter 6 cm

The length of each side is 1 𝑐𝑚 and the size of each interior angle is 120 °.
1. 𝑂 is the center of 𝐻0 .

Triangle ∆ 𝐴𝑂𝐵 is equilateral.

(a) Find the length of the vertical height OH correct to 2 d.p.

𝑂𝐻= ________________ cm [2]

 (b) Calculate the area of 𝐻0 to 2 dp

Answer: __________________ 𝑐𝑚2 [2]

2. The diagonals of 𝐻0 form another hexagon, as shown in the figure.

Find the size of the angle:

(a) ∠𝐴𝐵′𝐵

Answer: _____________________° [1]

(b) ∠𝐴′𝐵′𝐶′

Answer: _____________________° [1]

(c) Explain why the new hexagon is regular.

[2]

Giving your answers to 2 d.p., find

(d) 𝐴𝐵′ .

Answer: _____________________𝑐𝑚 [1]

(e) 𝐴′𝐵′.

Answer: _____________________𝑐𝑚 [2]

3. The polygon 𝐻1 is a similar of 𝐻0 .

(a) Find the length of the line segment, OP,

Answer: _________________𝑐𝑚 [1]

(b) Find the scale factor for the reduction size of 𝐻0 to 𝐻1 .

Scaling factor __________________ [1]

(c) Find the area of 𝐻1 to 2 d.p.

Answer: __________________ 𝑐𝑚2 [2]

4. 𝐻2 is the regular hexagon determined by the diagonals of 𝐻1 .

Find the area of 𝐻2 to 4 d.p.

Answer: __________________ 𝑐𝑚2 [3]