1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 What is Language? plays an important means of communication, and simultaneously as social symbol of humanity.

ty. people can express their ideas, feeling, and information through communication.

1.2 Basic principles of effective speaking and listening skills Understanding the difference between 'active and 'passive' listening. Eliminate outer distractions. Eliminate inner distractions Pay close attention to the speaker's body language Listen to the tone of the voice. Listen to the tone of the words Pay close attention to cues Resist the urge to respond or react Practice playing-back what 'you think' you heard Be aware of cultural-difference

1.3 Various forms of oral communication in English 2 One-on-One Speaking (Student-Student or Student-Teacher Small-Group or Team-Based Oral Work Full-Class Discussions (Teacher- or Student-Led) In-Class Debates and Deliberations. Speeches and Presentations Oral Examinations.

HOW ORAL COMMUNICATION WORKS? the mix of verbal, interpersonal and physical strategies needed to interact confidently and effectively with a range of audiences.

2.1 Transactional Model

acknowledges neither creators nor consumers of messages presumes additional symmetries face-to-face interactive process

2.2 What is Interpersonal Communication? as oral, written, and nonverbal forms of communication spoken communication that takes place between two or more individuals on a personal, face-to-face level. types of interpersonal communication that are commonly used in work place or study include staff meetings, formal project discussions, employee performance reviews, and informal chats The basic process of communication begins when a fact is observed or an idea formulated by one person the sender translate the observation into a message then transmits the message through some communication medium to the receiver The receiver then must interpret the message and provide feedback to the sender

2.2.1 Interpersonal Communication Styles communication can be classified as either one-way or two-way. 1.Oneway communication Onaway communication occurs when the sender transmits information in the form of direction, without any expectation of discussion or feedback is faster and easier for the sender 2.Twoway communication

two-way communication involves the sharing of information between two or more parties in a constructive exchange. it is more difficult and time-consuming for the sender it also ensures a more accurate understanding of the message 3. Six main styles of interpersonal communication controlling, egalitarian, structuring, dynamic, relinquishing, withdrawal. 4.Strong interpersonal communication skills, utilizing a variety of styles and techniques tend to communicate more than other explaining the reasons behind decisions and providing advance warning of changes they tend to employ an egalitarian rather than controlling style when communicating tend to take others' needs and feelings into account when communicating 2.3 What is Small Group Communication? 2.3.1 2.3.2 the communication that is carried out within a small group. a group that consists of at least three members and at the maximum around twelve to fifteen members. be a professional group, an educational group or a social group Understanding Communication is about expressing and conveying your thoughts, feelings, opinions and ideas to another person or persons. Developing effective communication skills requires repeated practice Consider joining social clubs or public speaking and debate clubs to polish up your skills. The Importance of Team Communication Project-related information needs to be shared. Each member of the team needs to be acquainted with the team goal and his/her role in the team. Each team member has specific skills and knowledge that must be utilized and imparted to other members in the course of the work. Any questions or issues about the project must be broached and shared in order to resolve them.

Any decisions taken must be imparted to all the members. Effective and open communication lines create feelings of trust and of belonging to the team. The more the members feels valued the more dedicated they are likely to be, and this in turn makes it easier for the team as a whole to achieve its goals.

1. Poor communication between team members

2.3.3

The members may not understand what is needed and may waste time and energy in doing what is not required. The members may misunderstand one another and develop personal animosities. This can affect their desire to work together and thereby the quality of the work. The members may not be clear of the sequence of the things to be done and this can either hold up the project or play havoc with the deadlines. The members may not know what to change or how to change to make themselves more efficient. Fostering effective team communication in your small group Ask if everyone understands what the team goals are. Ask input and feedback from all members. Listen carefully to what the other person is saying. Don't interrupt until someone has finished talking. Give feedback on what they've said. Speak slowly and clearly. Make your points in a clear, logical manner. Include facts and details, and make sure they are all accurate. Don't ramble on. Be concise. Stick to the matter at hand. Make sure every member of the group gets the chance to speak. Be open minded. If you've come to the meeting with your mind already made up, there's little point in having a discussion.

When responding to someone's question or statement, repeat it to make sure you have heard and understood correctly. If you are taking a certain stand, take full responsibility for it. Do not disparage anyone for their views and don't refute any point by taking personal shots at the speaker. Address the issue. 2.4 What is Public communication? is that type of communication that is one level short of mass communication concerning the factor of audience concentration an important factor in organizations all over the world as this type of communication helps a great deal in controlling the external determinants that could have an impact on the organization.

healthy public relations is a paramount objective for every successful organization. is basically the sharing of information, ideas with public

2.4.1 Purpose based on the intention of the message. is used to inform, educate, persuade and inspire the audience

Types Public speaking in any form is considered public communication. This can be a school assembly, a business meeting or a presidential speech. Mass media, the use of TV, radio, newspaper or any other mass-produced medium, is another type of effective public communication.

Results communication is the successful delivery of a message to a large group of people where each individual is impacted and moved to take action. is able to relate to the individual needs of the listeners while speaking to the masses. causes listeners to respond to the public communications message.

3. CONCLUSION effective listening skills help you and everybody else Effective public communication must refrain from biased words, philosophies and ideologies Effective public communication keeps statements generic and neutral to gender, race and religious beliefs. interpersonal communication is being a good receiver, which involves developing listening skills. One useful listening technique is reflection, or attempting to repeat and clarify the other person's message rather than immediately responding to it with a message of your own. keeping an open mind rather than allowing emotions to intervene; finding a part of the subject that may have application to your own experience and resisting distractions such as the speaker's mannerisms or clothing.