TREATISE ON

GEOCHEMISTRY

SECOND EDITION

EXECUTIVE EDITORS

Heinrich D. Holland
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Karl K. Turekian
Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

VOLUME 13

GEOCHEMISTRY OF MINERAL DEPSOITS

VOLUME EDITOR

Steven D. Scott
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD

PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN ERANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO
ELSEVIER
CONTENTS

Executive Editors' Foreword to the Second Edition xvii

Contributors xxi

Volume Editor's Introduction xxiii

VOLUME 13 GEOCHEMISTRY OF MINERAL DEPOSITS

13.1 Fluids and Ore Formation in the Earth's Crust 1

CA Heinrich and PA Candela

13.2 The Chemistry of Metal Transport and Deposition by Ore-Forming Hydrothermal Fluids 29
TM Seward, AE Williams-Jones, and AA Migdisov

13.3 Stable Isotope Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits 59

WC Pat Shanks III

13.4 Dating and Tracing the History of Ore Formation 87

HI Stein

13.5 Fluid Inclusions in Hydrothermal Ore Deposits 119

RJ Bodnar, P Lecumberri-Sanchez, D Moncada, and M Steele-Maclnnis

13.6 Melt Inclusions 143

A Aude'tat and IB Lowenstern

13.7 Metamorphosed Hydrothermal Ore Deposits 175

L Corriveau and PG Spry

13.8 Geochemistry of Magmatic Ore Deposits 195

IE Mungall
13.9 Sediment-Hosted Zinc-Lead Mineralization: Processes and Perspectives 219

II Wilkinson

13.10 Low-Temperature Sediment-Hosted Copper Deposits 251

AC Brown

13.11 Deep-Ocean Ferromanganese Crusts and Nodules 273

IR Hein and A
Koschinsky

13.12 Geochemistry of a Marine Phosphate Deposit: A Signpost to Phosphogenesis 293

DZ Piper and RB Perkins

13.13 Sedimentary Hosted Iron Ores 313

ER Ramanaidou and MA Wells

xv
xvi Contents

13.14 Geochemistry of Porphyry Deposits 357

DR Cooke,P Hollings, JJ Wilkinson, and RM Tosdal

13.15 Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Gold Deposits 383

JA Saunders, AH Hofstra, RJ Goldfarb, and MH Reed

13.16 Silver Vein Deposits 425

SA Kissin and H Mango

13.17 Geochemistry of Placer Gold A Case Study of the Witwatersrand Deposits 433

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L Robb and C Hayward

13.18 Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposits 463

MD Hannington

13.19 Uranium Ore Deposits 489

K Kyser

13.20 Iron Oxide(-Cu-Au-REE-P-Ag-U-Co) Systems 515

MD Barton

13.21 Geochemistry of the Rare-Earth Element, Nb, Ta, Hf, and Zr Deposits 543
RL Linnen, IM Samson, AE Williams-jones, and AR Chakhmouradian

13.22 Geochemistry of Evaporite Ores in an Earth-Scale Climatic and Tectonic Framework 569
JK Warren

13.23 Gem Deposits 595

LA Groat, D) Turner, and RJ Evans

13.24 Exploration Geochemistry 623

DR Cohen and RJ Bowell