FEM in Struct.

Analysis - MABY4100 Oslo Metropolitan University

Autumn 2020 Dept. of Civil Engineering INSTRUCTOR
and Energy Technology
Date: 25/11/2020 V. PLEVRIS

Exam paper - Solutions in Excel

A= 0

Exercise 1 (15%)

Evaluate the double integral:

A 5

  (5x + 3 y 2 + 3 y ⋅ cos( x ⋅ y ) ) dxdy

3

−1 2

x-Interval
ax = 2 (bx-ax)/2= 1.5
bx = 5 (bx+ax)/2= 3.5

y-Interval
ay = -1 (by-ay)/2= 0.5
by = 0 (by+ay)/2= -0.5
 a. Solution with 2 Gauss points per direction (4 in total)

x1 = -0.577350269 w1 = 1
x2 = 0.577350269 w2 = 1

xi yi xi' yi' wx wy f(xi',yi') wxwy·f

P1 -0.57735 -0.577350269 2.633974596 -0.78867513 1 1 94.38417923 94.38417923
P2 -0.57735 0.577350269 2.633974596 -0.21132487 1 1 90.96593945 90.96593945
P3 0.5773503 -0.577350269 4.366025404 -0.78867513 1 1 420.2548887 420.2548887
P4 0.5773503 0.577350269 4.366025404 -0.21132487 1 1 415.8810011 415.8810011

Sum 1021.486008

I= 766.1145063
b. Solution with 3 Gauss points per direction (9 in total)

x1 = -0.774596669 w1 = 0.555556
x2 = 0 w2 = 0.888889
x3 = 0.774596669 w2 = 0.555556

xi yi xi' yi' wx wy f(xi',yi') wxwy·f

P1 -0.774597 -0.774596669 2.338104996 -0.88729833 0.5555556 0.555555556 67.5559457 20.85060052
P2 -0.774597 0 2.338104996 -0.5 0.5555556 0.888888889 64.07246588 31.64072389
P3 -0.774597 0.774596669 2.338104996 -0.11270167 0.5555556 0.555555556 63.62067244 19.63601001
P4 0 -0.774596669 3.5 -0.88729833 0.8888889 0.555555556 219.3970606 108.3442275
P5 0 0 3.5 -0.5 0.8888889 0.888888889 215.3923691 170.1865632
P6 0 0.774596669 3.5 -0.11270167 0.8888889 0.555555556 214.1009645 105.7288714
P7 0.7745967 -0.774596669 4.661895004 -0.88729833 0.5555556 0.555555556 510.4025282 157.5316445
P8 0.7745967 0 4.661895004 -0.5 0.5555556 0.888888889 508.3745448 251.0491579
P9 0.7745967 0.774596669 4.661895004 -0.11270167 0.5555556 0.555555556 506.3366013 156.2767288
Sum 1021.244528
I= 765.9333958
Solution in Matlab (symbolic) for the validation of the result:

Command (for the case A=0):

syms x y
double(int(int(5*x^3+3*y^2+3*y*cos(x*y),x,2,5),y,-1,0))

Result:
ans = 765.9444
FEM in Struct. Analysis - MABY4100 Oslo Metropolitan University
Autumn 2020 Dept. of Civil Engineering INSTRUCTOR
and Energy Technology
Date: 25/11/2020 V. PLEVRIS

Exam paper - Solutions in Excel

A= 0

Exercise 2 (20%)

1 2 3 4 5
120 145 170 180 184 200 223 246

1 2 3 4

6 110 120 7 150 160-A 8 182 178 9 190+A 205

10
92 106 122 152 150 180 175 190

5 6 7 8

11 78+A 90
12102 130
13142 156
14 150 180
15

4 3
σ1  1 + 3 2 −1 2 1 − 3 2 −1 2  σ A 
(-√3,√3) (-1,1) (1,1) (√3,√3)

D s C
σ   −1 2 1 + 3 2   
r ξ
 =
2  − 1 2 1 − 3 2  σ B 
  ⋅
σ 3  1 − 3 2 − 1 2 1 + 3 2 − 1 2 σ C 
A B
     
σ 4   −1 2 1 − 3 2 
−1 2 1 + 3 2 σ D 
(-1,-1) (1,-1)

1 2
(-√3,-√3) (√3,-√3)
 1 112.50 2 169.49 3 183.59 4 221.09 270.50 5

112.5 165.310889 173.6603 190.9807621 176.1961524 216.588457 225.5885 270.49742

120 145 170 180 184 200 223 246
110 120 150 160 182 178 190 205
104.6891109 112.5 139.0192 156.339746 185.4115427 165.803848 173.5026 194.41154

6 98.21 7 121.71 8 163.21 9 180.47 195.78 10

91.73205081 117.248711 118.0718 171.3012702 139.8038476 201.908965 180.6699 197.14102

92 106 122 152 150 180 175 190
78 90 102 130 142 156 150 180
68.75128869 88.2679492 84.69873 131.9282032 136.0910347 150.196152 127.859 189.33013

11 68.75 12 86.48 13 134.01 14 139.03 189.33 15

The red values are the values at the nodes of the model, with averaging
FEM in Struct. Analysis - MABY4100 Oslo Metropolitan University
Autumn 2020 Dept. of Civil Engineering INSTRUCTOR
and Energy Technology
Date: 25/11/2020 V. PLEVRIS

Exam paper - Solutions in Excel

A= 0

Exercise 3 (20%)

E=80 GPa
E=100 GPa E=200 GPa

1 2 3 4 x
1 2 3
A=200 mm2
A=400 mm2
A=800 mm2

80+A mm 90 mm 70+A mm

80 70

We use the following units: N and mm

Areas and Lengths are already in mm

2 2
A1= 800 mm L 1= 80 mm
2 2
A2= 400 mm L 2= 90 mm
2 2
A3= 200 mm L 3= 70 mm

2
E 1= 80 GPa = 80000 MPa=N/mm
2
E 2= 100 GPa = 100000 MPa=N/mm
2
E 3= 200 GPa = 200000 MPa=N/mm
 F2= 30 kN = 30000 N
F3= 10 kN = 10000 N

Bar EA/L
1 800000
2 444444.4444
3 571428.5714

Stiffness Matrix of Element 1 Stiffness Matrix of Element 2 Stiffness Matrix of Element 3

800000 -800000 444444.4444 -444444.444 571428.571 -571429

-800000 800000 -444444.4444 444444.4444 -571428.57 571428.6

Total stiffness matrix

1 2 3 4
1 800000 -800000 0 0
2 -800000 1244444.444 -444444.44 0
3 0 -444444.444 1015873.02 -571428.6
4 0 0 -571428.57 571428.6

Effective stiffness matrix Effective vector of forces Effective displacements

2 3
2 1244444.444 -444444.444 2 30000 2 0.032738
3 -444444.4444 1015873.016 3 10000 3 0.024167

Total displacements Total forces

1 0 -26190.48 R1
2 0.032738095 30000.00
3 0.024166667 10000.00
4 0 -13809.52 R4
Element 1 displacements Element 2 displacements Element 3 displacements

1 0 2 0.032738 3 0.024166667
2 0.032738095 3 0.024167 4 0

Element 1 forces Element 2 forces Element 3 forces

-26190.47619 3809.524 13809.52381

26190.47619 -3809.524 -13809.5238

So the final forces of the 3 elements (tension is positive, compression is negative) are:

Element Force
1 26190.48
2 -3809.52
3 -13809.52
FEM in Struct. Analysis - MABY4100 Oslo Metropolitan University
Autumn 2020 Dept. of Civil Engineering INSTRUCTOR
and Energy Technology
Date: 25/11/2020 V. PLEVRIS

Exam paper - Solutions in Excel

A= 0

Exercise 5 (25%)

6
7

4
20
3 6
3 5
4

2 5 2000+100A
20 (N)
1
2
1
40 40

We use N and mm as units for force and distance/displacement

E=200,000 + 5,000*A (N/mm2) Force=2000+100*A (N)

E= 200000 N/mm2 F= 2000 N

v= 0.3
t= 1 mm
Node coordinates (mm)

x y
1 0 0
2 40 0
3 0 20
4 40 20
5 80 20
6 0 40
7 40 40

 
1 ν 0 
E  
[ D] = ⋅ ν 1 0 
1 −ν 2 
1 −ν 
0 0 
 2 

1 0.3 0 219780.2198 65934.06593 0

D= 219780.2198 0.3 1 0 = 65934.06593 219780.2198 0
0 0 0.35 0 0 76923.08

Element connectivity, coordinates of Nodes and A

 1 x1 y1  
1  
A = det  1 x2 y2  
2  1 x
 3 y3  

i j k xi yi xj yj xk yk A
1 1 2 4 0 0 40 0 40 20 400
2 1 4 3 0 0 40 20 0 20 400
3 3 4 6 0 20 40 20 0 40 400
4 4 7 6 40 20 40 40 0 40 400
5 2 5 4 40 0 80 20 40 20 400
6 4 5 7 40 20 80 20 40 40 400
 1 1 1
m11 = ( x2 y3 − x3 y2 ) m12 = ( y2 − y3 ) m13 = ( x3 − x2 )
2A 2A 2A
1 1 1
m21 = ( x3 y1 − x1 y3 ) m22 = ( y3 − y1 ) m23 = ( x1 − x3 )
2A 2A 2A
1 1 1
m31 = ( x1 y2 − x2 y1 ) m32 = ( y1 − y2 ) m33 = ( x2 − x1 )
2A 2A 2A
m11 m12 m13 m21 m22 m23 m31 m32 m33
1 1 -0.025 0 0 0.025 -0.05 0 0 0.05
2 1 0 -0.05 0 0.025 0 0 -0.025 0.05
3 2 -0.025 -0.05 0 0.025 0 -1 0 0.05
4 2 0 -0.05 -2 0.025 0.05 1 -0.025 0
5 1 0 -0.05 -1 0.025 0 1 -0.025 0.05
6 3 -0.025 -0.05 -1 0.025 0 -1 0 0.05

B1 -0.025 0 0.025 0 0 0 K1 54945.05495 0 -54945.055 32967.03 0 -32967.03

0 0 0 -0.05 0 0.05 0 19230.77 38461.5385 -19230.8 -38461.5385 0
0 -0.025 -0.05 0.025 0.05 0 -54945.0549 38461.54 131868.132 -71428.6 -76923.0769 32967.033
32967.03297 -19230.8 -71428.571 239011 38461.53846 -219780.2
0 -38461.5 -76923.077 38461.54 76923.07692 0
-32967.033 0 32967.033 -219780 0 219780.22

B2 0 0 0.025 0 -0.025 0 K2 76923.07692 0 0 -38461.5 -76923.0769 38461.538

0 -0.05 0 0 0 0.05 0 219780.2 -32967.033 0 32967.03297 -219780.2
-0.05 0 0 0.025 0.05 -0.025 0 -32967 54945.0549 0 -54945.0549 32967.033
-38461.5385 0 0 19230.77 38461.53846 -19230.77
-76923.0769 32967.03 -54945.055 38461.54 131868.1319 -71428.57
38461.53846 -219780 32967.033 -19230.8 -71428.5714 239010.99

B3 -0.025 0 0.025 0 0 0 K3 131868.1319 71428.57 -54945.055 -38461.5 -76923.0769 -32967.03

0 -0.05 0 0 0 0.05 71428.57143 239011 -32967.033 -19230.8 -38461.5385 -219780.2
-0.05 -0.025 0 0.025 0.05 0 -54945.0549 -32967 54945.0549 0 0 32967.033
-38461.5385 -19230.8 0 19230.77 38461.53846 0
-76923.0769 -38461.5 0 38461.54 76923.07692 0
-32967.033 -219780 32967.033 0 0 219780.22
 B4 0 0 0.025 0 -0.025 0 K4 76923.07692 0 -76923.077 -38461.5 0 38461.538
0 -0.05 0 0.05 0 0 0 219780.2 -32967.033 -219780 32967.03297 0
-0.05 0 0.05 0.025 0 -0.025 -76923.0769 -32967 131868.132 71428.57 -54945.0549 -38461.54
-38461.5385 -219780 71428.5714 239011 -32967.033 -19230.77
0 32967.03 -54945.055 -32967 54945.05495 0
38461.53846 0 -38461.538 -19230.8 0 19230.769

B5 0 0 0.025 0 -0.025 0 K5 76923.07692 0 0 -38461.5 -76923.0769 38461.538

0 -0.05 0 0 0 0.05 0 219780.2 -32967.033 0 32967.03297 -219780.2
-0.05 0 0 0.025 0.05 -0.025 0 -32967 54945.0549 0 -54945.0549 32967.033
-38461.5385 0 0 19230.77 38461.53846 -19230.77
-76923.0769 32967.03 -54945.055 38461.54 131868.1319 -71428.57
38461.53846 -219780 32967.033 -19230.8 -71428.5714 239010.99

B6 -0.025 0 0.025 0 0 0 K6 131868.1319 71428.57 -54945.055 -38461.5 -76923.0769 -32967.03

0 -0.05 0 0 0 0.05 71428.57143 239011 -32967.033 -19230.8 -38461.5385 -219780.2
-0.05 -0.025 0 0.025 0.05 0 -54945.0549 -32967 54945.0549 0 0 32967.033
-38461.5385 -19230.8 0 19230.77 38461.53846 0
-76923.0769 -38461.5 0 38461.54 76923.07692 0
-32967.033 -219780 32967.033 0 0 219780.22

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 131868.1319 0 -54945.055 32967.03 -76923.07692 38461.53846 0 -71428.6 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 239010.989 38461.5385 -19230.77 32967.03297 -219780.22 -71428.5714 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 -54945.05495 38461.53846 208791.209 -71428.57 -153846.154 71428.57 0 -38461.5 0 0 0 0
4 32967.03297 -19230.7692 -71428.571 458791.2 71428.57143 -439560 -32967.033 0 0 0 0 0
5 -76923.07692 32967.03297 263736.2637 0 -109890.11 0 0 0 -76923.0769 -32967.03 0 0
6 38461.53846 -219780.22 0 478021.978 0 -38461.5 0 0 -38461.5385 -219780.2 0 0
Ktot= 7 0 -71428.5714 -153846.15 71428.57 -109890.1099 0 527472.5275 0 -109890.11 0 0 71428.571 -153846.154 -71428.5714
8 -71428.57143 0 71428.5714 -439560.4 0 -38461.5385 0 956044 0 -38461.5 71428.57143 0 -71428.5714 -439560.44
9 0 0 0 -32967.03 0 0 -109890.11 0 109890.11 0 0 0 0 32967.03297
10 0 0 -38461.538 0 0 0 0 -38461.5 0 38461.54 0 0 38461.53846 0
11 0 0 0 0 -76923.07692 -38461.5385 0 71428.57 0 0 131868.1319 0 -54945.0549 -32967.033
12 0 0 0 0 -32967.03297 -219780.22 71428.57143 0 0 0 0 239010.99 -38461.5385 -19230.7692
13 0 0 0 0 0 0 -153846.154 -71428.6 0 38461.54 -54945.0549 -38461.54 208791.2088 71428.57143
14 0 0 0 0 0 0 -71428.5714 -439560 32967.033 0 -32967.033 -19230.77 71428.57143 458791.2088
 3 7 8 9 10 13
3 208791.2088 -153846.154 71428.5714 0 -38461.53846 0 0 3
7 -153846.1538 527472.5275 0 -109890.1 0 -153846.154 0 7
8 71428.57143 0 956043.956 0 -38461.53846 -71428.5714 Pf= 0 8
Kff= 9 0 -109890.11 0 109890.1 0 0 2000 9
10 -38461.53846 0 -38461.538 0 38461.53846 38461.53846 0 10
13 0 -153846.154 -71428.571 0 38461.53846 208791.2088 0 13

3 0.007721212
7 0.010478788
Uf= 8 6.00173E-20
9 0.028678788
10 2.94381E-18
13 0.007721212
Support reactions

-54945.05495 0 -71428.571 0 0 0 -424.24242 1 R1x

38461.53846 -71428.5714 0 0 0 0 -451.51515 2 R1y
-71428.57143 71428.57143 -439560.44 -32967.03 0 0 -748.48485 4 R2y
Ksf= 0 -109890.11 0 0 0 0 Rs= -1151.5152 5 R2x
0 0 -38461.538 0 0 0 -2.308E-15 6 R2y
0 0 71428.5714 0 0 -54945.0549 -424.24242 11 R3x
0 71428.57143 0 0 0 -38461.5385 451.515152 12 R3y
0 -71428.5714 -439560.44 32967.03 0 71428.57143 748.484848 14 R7y

1 0
2 0
3 0.007721212
4 0
5 0
6 0
Utot= 7 0.010478788
8 6.00173E-20
9 0.028678788
10 2.94381E-18
11 0
12 0
13 0.007721212
14 0
 Element 1 displacements:

1 0
2 0
{a1}= 3 0.007721212
4 0
7 0.010478788
8 6.00173E-20

0.00019303 42.42424
{ε1}= 3.00087E-21 {σ1}= 12.72727
0.000137879 10.60606

ε xx  σ xx 
{ε } = ε yy  = [ B] ⋅ {a} {σ } = σ yy  = [ D ] ⋅ {ε }
γ xy  σ xy 
   