ROUTING - Key Points & Concepts

1 – What is Routing
2 – Types of Routing
-> Static Routing
-> Default Routing
-> Dynamic Routing
3 – Important Parameters of Routing
4 – Routing Table
5 – Types of Routing Protocols
(i) EGP (ii) IGP
6 – Dynamic Routing Protocols
RIP V1/V2, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF , BGP
7 – Routed Vs Routing Protocols
ROUTING
Routing is a process to transfer data packets from source to destination within different
networks OR Routing is the process to route the packet from Source to Destination.

It is usually performed by a dedicated device called ROUTER

Routers use a Routing Table to perform routing

Benefits of Routing

(+) Select the best path for a data packet within the network
(+) Faster Data Access
TYPES OF ROUTING
There are three types of Routing

TYPES

Static Default Dynamic

Routing Routing Routing
STATIC ROUTING
It is a technique in which the administrator manually adds the routes in a routing table.

Advantages
(+) No overhead – (On the CPU usage) cheaper router can be used to obtain static routing
(+) Security – It provides security as only the administrator has control over the network
(+) Faster - Faster data transferring
(+) Bandwidth - Very Low usage of Bandwidth

Disadvantages
(-) Not good for big size network
(-) Manual configuration of Routes
(-) High Administrative Overhead
(-) Network change effect the complete N/W

How to configure Static Routing

Router# ip route Destination Network D Mask Next Hope ( Targeted Router IP Add )
Router# ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.10.2
STATIC ROUTING TOPOLOGY
CONFIGURATION OF STATIC ROUTING
Now configuring static routes for router R3:

R3(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.2

R3(config)#ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.6

Here, provided the route for the 192.168.10.0 network where

192.168.10.0 is its network I’d and 172.16.10.2 and 172.16.10.6 are the next-hop address.

Now, configuring for R2:

R2(config)#ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.1

R2(config)#ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.1
R2(config)#ip route 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.1

Similarly for R1:

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.5

R1(config)#ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.5
R1(config)#ip route 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.10.5
DEFAULT ROUTING
This is the method where the router is configured to send all packets towards a single router (next
hop). It doesn’t matter to which network the packet belongs, it is forwarded out to the router
which is configured for default routing. It is generally used with stub routers.

A stub router is a router that has only one route to reach all other networks.

(a) Default routing is configured for unknown destinations – for example, the Internet
(b) Default Routing is used when networks deal with a single exit point.
(c) Default routes help in reducing the size of the routing table
(b) There is no requirement for Destination Address in the default routing
(c) It is a slow routing process

How to configure Default Routing

Router# ip route Any DNetwork Any Mask Next Hope ( Targeted Router IP Add )
Router# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.10.5
DEFAULT ROUTING TOPOLOGY
CONFIGURATION OF DEFAULT ROUTING
In the same Topology

R1 and R2 are stub routers so we can configure default routing for both these routers.

Now Configuring default routing for R1:

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.10.5

Now configuring default routing for R2:

R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.10.1

IMPORTANT COMMANDS TO USE FOR STATIC AND DEFAULT ROUTING

Router# Show IP route ( to check the routing table )

Router#ip route DNW DSM NH IP ( for static routing )

Router#ip route ANW AM NH IP ( for default routing )
Router#no ip route DNW DSM NH IP ( for static routing ) – ( to remove static routing )
Router#no ip route ANW AM NH IP ( for default routing ) – ( to remove default routing )