Syntax Computer Training

Institution
Computer For Beginner
Display device technology
Prepared by: ID.NO
1. Mikiyas Hayleslasie
2. Tegist Hailu
3. Zufan

Submitted to
Million Hayle

Mersa, Ethiopi
Scope
This document talks about display device.in this document concepts. old display
manufacture, how its work, brief history display device. Display device are used for the
visual presentation of information.

i
Contents
Scope ................................................................................................................................................. i
Contents ........................................................................................................................................... ii
Table of content .............................................................................................................................. iv
Figure of content............................................................................................................................. iv
Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ v
Chapter One ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1
Brief History of The Displays ........................................................................................................ 1
The History of Old display device manufacture ........................................................................... 3
Samsung electronics .................................................................................................................... 3
Samsung's Beginnings ...................................................................................................................... 3
1960 to 1980 .................................................................................................................................... 3
1980 to 2000 .................................................................................................................................... 4
2000 to Present ................................................................................................................................ 4
Sony group corporation ............................................................................................................... 5
Who invented display screens ..................................................................................................... 6
Chapter Two ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Types of display device ................................................................................................................ 7
LED (Light emitting diode)............................................................................................................ 7
What Is an LED Display Device? ....................................................................................................... 7
Benefits of LED Display Devices ....................................................................................................... 7
What are LED displays used in? ....................................................................................................... 7
What is LED display how it works? .................................................................................................. 8
Advantages and Disadvantages of LED ............................................................................................ 8
LCD Display device ....................................................................................................................... 9
Device used for LCD ......................................................................................................................... 9
How work ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Applications, Advantages & Limitations of LCD ............................................................................. 10
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT): ........................................................................................................... 11
Main Components of CRT are: ....................................................................................................... 11
CRT Display: Advantages and Disadvantages................................................................................. 12

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Chapter Three ................................................................................................................................ 13
Application of Display Device..................................................................................................... 13
Television ................................................................................................................................... 13
Computer monitor ..................................................................................................................... 13
Medical monitor......................................................................................................................... 13
Smart phone display .................................................................................................................. 14
Video wall................................................................................................................................... 14
Broadcast reference monitor..................................................................................................... 14
Chapter Four .................................................................................................................................. 15
How its work .............................................................................................................................. 15
What is a display? ...................................................................................................................... 15
How are images rendered on a display? .................................................................................... 15
What should you look for in a computer display? ..................................................................... 16
Summery ........................................................................................................................................ 18
Index............................................................................................................................................... 19
1 References .............................................................................................................................. 20

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Table of content
Table 1advanteges and disadvantages of LED ............................................................................... 8

Figure of content
Figure 1 Mr. akio morita and Mr. masarun ibuka sony group develop ............................. 5
Figure 2 the first display screen develop ............................................................................ 6
Figure 3 six layers of LCD.................................................................................................. 9
Figure 4 components of CRT............................................................................................ 11

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Abstract
Display device are used for the visual presentation of information. A display device is a
device for visual or tactile presentation of images (include text)/ video acquired, strode, or
transmitted in various forms.
These features made LED a better choice for mobile LCDs, where battery life is the
primary limitation. (Lieberman, 2007) In fact
Modern electronic devices such as mobile phones, TVs, tablets, computer monitors,
laptops screens, etc., use a LED display to display their output Modern electronic devices
such as mobile phones, TVs, tablets, computer monitors, laptops screens, etc., use a LED
display to display their output
LCDs with a small number of segments, are used in digital watches and pocket
calculators, Small monochrome displays in personal organizers, or older laptop scr
CRT stands for Cathode Ray Tube. CRT is a technology used in traditional computer
monitors and televisions. The image on CRT display is created by firing electrons from
the back of the tube of phosphorus located towards the front of the screen.
This technology combines liquid crystals and polarizers to create images on the screen.
Generally, LCD TVs have three polarized glass panels known as substrates. It contains
liquid crystals in between them. These panels are in red, blue, and green colours
To render an image on a display, the computer's central processing unit (CPU) sends the
image data to a graphics processing unit (GPU). The GPU is either integrated into the
CPU or motherboard or is part of a separate graphics card. The GPU translates the image
data into bitmaps, which are then transmitted to the display.

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Chapter One
Introduction
Display device are used for the visual presentation of information. A display device is a
device for visual or tactile presentation of images (include text)/ video acquired, strode, or
transmitted in various forms.

Brief History of The Displays

Humans tend to express themselves in vivid, dazzling ways: they replaced symphony
with jazz, substituted gowns with mini-skirts, and the same fate happened to paper in the
last one hundred years, whose successors are called “displays”.
The story starts with a electronic gun called cathode ray tube (CRT). 117 years ago, a
German scientist named Karl Ferdinand Braun placed a fluorescent screen in front of
such a tube applied with periodically scanning voltage, making the first cathode-ray
oscilloscope in the world, which later turned out to be the forefather of all modern
general-purpose monitors. (Anderson, 2001) This invention inspired talented ones with
the unlimited possibility that you can demonstrate on a 5-inch piece of glass. Television
is a representative masterpiece of this era. Since the ray tube requires a certain distance
away from the fluorescent surface, CRT monitors are more like a box rather than a panel,
making it too bulky for mobile purposes. (Anderson, 2001) Even desktop users dreamed
about a thinner device to save desktop space for potted plants and tea cups.
That demand eventually facilitated the invention of liquid crystal displays (LCD). The
greatest inventor does not have to be a marketing genius; LCD was invented in RCA
Laboratories by Dr. George H. Heilmeier in the 1960s (Lowe, 1997), and was
commercialized by the Sharp Corporation in Japan in late 1990. (Sanger, 1990) Besides
saving space, LCD monitors was also proven to be more energy-efficient compared to
traditional CRT displays (Rice, 2011), which require high voltages to drive up ray tubes
(Anderson, 2001). As John Sweeney, vice president of sales and marketing for ICS puts
it, “We see LCDs displacing CRTs entirely.” (O’Brien, 2005). The history did not stop
there: a revolution of backlighting went on behind the screens. Traditionally, LCD panels
make use of cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL) for backlighting. This was gradually
replaced by light-emitting diode (LED) backlights in the 2000s. This transition was
strongly advocated by the European Union, whose RoHS initiative suggested curbing the
usage of heavy metals such as mercury, which was essential in CCFL manufacturing
back then. Besides pollution concerns, LED light works better matching the RGB filter in
the liquid crystal display, providing more accurately saturated images than CCFL models.
What’s more, LED panel also offers extended device durability since it generates almost
no heat during operation. Less energy dissipation also enables LED to output comparable
brightness to CCFL but under a much lower voltage. Plus, it is also more efficient in
utilizing the light generated :“A CCFL may produce more lumens/watt than an LED,”
said DeAgazio, “but it’s a diffuse light source, so you get a lot of wasted light.” LEDs, in

1
contrast, are highly directional and thus “easy to couple efficiently into a light guide.”
(Lieberman, 2007).
These features made LED a better choice for mobile LCDs, where battery life is the
primary limitation. (Lieberman, 2007) In fact, it has also won dominance in the general-
purpose market, leaving CCFL monitor to voltage-limited applications with higher
brightness requirement. (Lim, 2013)
The LED has long been misunderstood as only capable of rough jobs such as
backlighting LCD panels, decorating signboards and broadcasting advertisements on the
Times Square. This misconception is proven wrong with the new-born display
technology — OLED. In comparison to liquid crystal displays, OLED offers wider
viewing angle, higher brightness, truer color, lighter weight, thinner design and less
energy consumption. However, the temperamental chemistry involved in its production is
keeping the cost high above the averagely affordable level of desktop users. (Zaccaria,
2008) On the other hand, in mobile applications such as smartphones, where screens are
usually less pricy due to relatively smaller sizes, this has little impact. Statistically
speaking, the OLED shipment for cellphones is expected to rise eightfold from 2009 to
2015, according to M2 Presswire. (M2 Presswire, 2009) Plus, with an organic thin-film
transistor (OTFT) backplane, OLED screens can be made bendable like a piece of paper,
while LCD possesses no flexibility at all. (Steudel, 2012) As a matter of fact, curved
OLED TV has been put into mass production by the conglomerate from South Korea,
Samsung (Manama, 2013), which is also the largest OLED panel manufacturer in the
world (Business Wire, 2009). To sum it up, OLED will replace LCD, just like what the
latter has done to the CRT monitor. In addition, several cooperations predicted that
OLED panels would rule the monitor market before 2012. (Bulkeley, 2007
As human’s appetite for thinness, vividness and flexibility of the screen goes expanding,
and with touchable interfaces, including smartphones and tablets, getting popular around
the globe, a brand-new generation of display technology is surely on its way. The
evolution of displays, just like any other technology, will continue to go on. ()

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The History of Old display device manufacture
There are many kinds of display device manufacture between their:
➢ Samsung electronics corporation
➢ Sony group corporation

Samsung electronics
IN THIS ARTICLE

✓ Beginnings: 1938 to 1960

1960 to1980
1980 to2000
2000 to present

Samsung's Beginnings
With only 30,000 won (about US$27), Lee Byung-chul started Samsung as a trading
company based in a city called Taegu in 1938. With 40 employees, Samsung began as a
grocery store, trading and exporting goods produced in and around the city. It sold dried
Korean fish and vegetables, as well as its own noodles.

1960 to 1980
In the 1960s, Samsung entered the electronics industry with the formation of several
electronics-focused divisions:

• Samsung Electronics Devices

• Samsung Electro-Mechanics
• Samsung Corning
• Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications
During this period, Samsung acquired DongBang Life Insurance and established Joong-
Ang Development (now known as Samsung Everland). Additionally, a Samsung-Sanyo
partnership began, paving the way for the production of TVs, microwaves, and other
consumer products. In 1970, Samsung-Sanyo produced its first black and white TVs and
expanded its reach into shipbuilding, petrochemicals, and aircraft engines. Over the next
decade, Samsung also produced transistor black and white TVs, color TVs, refrigerators,
electric desk calculators, and air conditioners. In 1978, the company reached the
landmark of having produced 5 million TVs. By 1974, Samsung Heavy Industries was
one of the largest shipbuilders in the world. In the late 1970s, the company established
Samsung Electronics America and the Suwon R&D Center.

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 1980 to 2000
In 1980, Samsung entered the telecommunications hardware industry with the purchase
of Hanguk Jeonja Tongsin. Initially building telephone switchboards, Samsung expanded
into telephone and fax systems, which eventually shifted to mobile phone manufacturing.
In the early 1980s, Samsung expanded to Germany, Portugal, and New York. In 1982,
Samsung Printing Solutions was founded. This subsidiary of the company delivered
digital solutions to the printing industry. The following year, the company started
producing personal computers, and in 1984 Samsung's sales reached one trillion won.
Later in the decade, Samsung expanded to Tokyo and the United Kingdom, positioning
itself as a leader in semiconductor manufacturing with massive production of 256K
DRAM. In 1987, founder Lee Byung-chul passed away, and his son, Lee Kun-hee,
assumed control of Samsung. Soon after that, Samsung Semiconductor and
Telecommunications merged with Samsung Electronics. The merged organization
focused on home appliances, telecommunications, and semiconductors. The next decade
brought additional growth and achievements. Samsung soon became a world leader in
chip production, formed Samsung Motors, and began producing digital TVs. The
company also began investing heavily in the design and manufacture of components for
other companies. It sought to become the world's largest consumer electronics
manufacturer. Samsung Ventures was founded in 1999 to invest in startup companies
focusing on many of Samsung's core services.

2000 to Present
Samsung entered the phone market with the SPH-1300, an early touch-screen prototype
released in 2001. The company also developed the first speech-recognition phone in
2005.In the late 2000s and early 2010s, Samsung acquired companies that developed
technologies for electronic devices. In 2011, Samsung released the Galaxy S II, followed
in 2012 by the Galaxy S III, one of the world's most popular smartphones. The year 2012
also marked Samsung becoming the world's largest mobile phone maker and the
acquisition of mSpot to provide entertainment to Samsung device users. The company
made additional acquisitions in the following years, including organizations that would
help it expand its offerings in medical technology, smart TVs, OLED displays, home
automation, printing solutions, cloud solutions, payment solutions, and artificial
intelligence. In September 2014, Samsung announced the Gear VR, a virtual reality
device developed for use with the Galaxy Note 4. By 2015, Samsung had more U.S.
patents approved than any other company, with more than 7,500 utility patents granted
before the end of the year. In 2017, Samsung was given governmental permission to test
a self-driving car. The following year, Samsung announced that it would expand its
renewable energy plans and hire 40,000 employees over the next three years.

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Sony group corporation
Sony Corporate - History. It was in 1946 that Mr. Masaru Ibuka and Mr. Akio Morita
together with a small team of passionate and committed group of employees started to
build “Tokyo Tsushin Kenkyujo” (Totsuko), or “Tokyo Telecommunications Research
Institute” into the well-known global conglomerate that it is today. The main objective of
the company was to design and create innovative products which would benefit the
people.

FIGURE 1 MR. AKIO MORITA AND MR. MASARUN IBUKA SONY GROUP DEVELOP
Mr. Akio Morita (left) and Mr. Masaru Ibuka (right).The company name of Sony was
created by combining two words of “sonus” and “sonny”. The word “sonus” in Latin
represents words like sound and sonic. The other word “sonny” means little son. Used in
combination, Sony is supposed to represent a very small group of young people who have
the energy and passion towards unlimited creations and innovative ideas. With the far-
sight of expanding worldwide, it was in 1958 that the company formally adopted “Sony
Corporation” as its corporate name. Easy to pronounce and read in any language, the
name Sony, which has a lively ring to it, fits comfortably with the spirit of freedom and
open-mindedness.

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Who invented display screens
George H. Heilmeier, an electrical engineer
who in the 1960s helped invent a kind of
screen display that used liquid crystals to
project images — technology that is now
ubiquitous in telephones, digital watches,
computer monitors and flat-screen televisions
— died April 21 in Plano, Tex. He was
77.May 6, 2014 ()

FIGURE 2 THE FIRST DISPLAY SCREEN DEVELOP

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Chapter Two
Types of display device
There are many kinds of types of display device so, that I will see to difference display
screens, between their:
• LED (Light emitting diode)
• CRT (Cathode ray tube)
• LCD (Liquid crystal display)

LED (Light emitting diode)

What Is an LED Display Device?

An LED display device is a flat-panel display that uses LED bulbs for backlighting. In
other words, they contain an array of embedded LEDs that, when activated, produce light
to illuminate the pixels. LED display devices don’t necessarily feature LED pixels.
Instead, they use an alternative form of pixel technology, such as liquid-crystal display
(LCD).Most display devices are powered by LCD pixel technology. However, some of
them use different backlighting technologies than others. In the past, LCDs used cold-
cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) as the primary backlighting technology. In recent
years, though, more and more manufacturers have switched to LED backlighting. LCDs
that use LED backlighting are often referred to as an “LED display device” or an “LED-
backlit LCD.”

Benefits of LED Display Devices

LED display devices offer many advantages when compared to other display devices, one
of which is a wide color gamut. Color gamut, of course, refers to the range of brightness
and darkness that a display device is capable of producing. With a wide color gamut,
LED display devices are capable of producing brilliant images with rich color. In addition
to a wide color gamut, LED display devices are energy efficient. When compared to
CCFL-backlit LCDs, an LED-backlit LCD is about 20% to 30% more efficient. Over the
course of several years, that translates into substantial cost-savings benefits. LED display
devices are also lighter and slimmer than other display devices. This alone makes them
an excellent choice for smartphones and mobile devices.

What are LED displays used in?

Modern electronic devices such as mobile phones, TVs, tablets, computer monitors,
laptops screens, etc., use a LED display to display their output.

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What is LED display how it works?
An LED display consists of red, green and blue LEDs mounted in a fixed pattern. These
three colours combine to form a pixel. By adjusting the intensity of the diodes, billions of
colours can be formed. When you look at the LED screen from a certain distance, the
array of coloured pixels are seen as an image.

Advantages and Disadvantages of LED

Advantages of LED Disadvantages of LED

Long Lifespan. High up-front costs.

Energy Efficiency Transformer compatibility

Improved Environmental Potential color shift over lamp life.
Performance
The Ability to Operate in Cold Performance standardization has not yet
Conditions. been streamlined.

No Heat or UV Emissions. Overheating can cause reduced lamp life.

Design Flexibility
Instant Lighting and the Ability to
Withstand Frequent Switching.
Low Voltage Operation
TABLE 1ADVANTEGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LED

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 LCD Display device
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical
device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers.
Liquid crystals do not emit light directly,[1] instead using a backlight or reflector to produce
images in color or monochrome.[2] LCDs are available to display arbitrary images (as in a
general-purpose computer display) or fixed images with low information content, which can be
displayed or hidden. For instance: preset words, digits, and seven-segment displays, as in a
digital clock, are all good examples of devices with these displays. They use the same basic
technology, except that arbitrary images are made from a matrix of small pixels, while other
displays have larger elements. LCDs can either be normally on (positive) or off (negative),
depending on the polarizer arrangement. For example, a character positive LCD with a backlight
will have black lettering on a background that is the color of the backlight, and a character
negative LCD will have a black background with the letters being of the same color as the
backlight. Optical filters are added to white on blue LCDs to give them their characteristic
appearance.
LCDs are commonly used for portable electronic games, as viewfinders for digital cameras and
camcorders, in video projection systems, for electronic billboards, as monitors for computers,
and in flat-panel televisions

Device used for LCD

Stands for “Liquid Crystal Display.” LCD is a flat panel display technology commonly used in TVs
and computer monitors. It is also used in screens for mobile devices, such as laptops, tablets,
and smartphones.

How work
LCD screens are an array of small segments called
pixels, which can be manipulated for information
displaying. Such displays have several layers,
where two panels, made of glass material free of
sodium and called substrate, play a crucial role.
The substrate contains a thin layer of liquid
crystals between them.

FIGURE 3 SIX LAYERS OF LCD

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Applications, Advantages & Limitations of LCD
Application
• LCDs with a small number of segments, are used in digital watches and pocket
calculators, Small monochrome displays in personal organizers, or older laptop screens
• High-resolution color displays such as modern LCD computer monitors and
televisions;
Advantages:
•An LCD cell consumes only microwatts of power over a thousand times less than LED
displays.
• LCDs can operate on voltages as low as 2 to 3 V and are easily driven by MOS IC
drivers.
Limitations:
• They cannot be seen in the dark,
• They have a limited viewing angle;
• They can be operated in limited temperature range.

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Cathode Ray Tube (CRT):
CRT stands for Cathode Ray Tube. CRT is a technology used in traditional computer
monitors and televisions. The image on CRT display is created by firing electrons from
the back of the tube of phosphorus located towards the front of the screen. Once the
electron heats the phosphorus, they light up, and they are projected on a screen. The color
you view on the screen is produced by a blend of red, blue and green light.

Main Components of CRT are:

1. Electron Gun: Electron gun consisting of a series of elements, primarily a heating
filament (heater) and a cathode. The electron gun creates a source of electrons which are
focused into a narrow beam directed at the face of the CRT.
2. Control Electrode: It is used to turn the electron beam on and off.
3. Focusing system: It is used to create a clear picture by focusing the electrons into a
narrow beam.
4. Deflection Yoke: It is used to control the direction of the electron beam. It creates an
electric or magnetic field which will bend
the electron beam as it passes through the
area. In a conventional CRT, the yoke is
linked to a sweep or scan generator. The
deflection yoke which is connected to the
sweep
generator creates a fluctuating electric or
magnetic potential.
5. Phosphorus-coated screen: The inside
front surface of every CRT is coated with
phosphors. Phosphors glow when a high-
energy electron beam hits them.
Phosphorescence is the term used to
characterize the light given off by a
FIGURE 4 COMPONENTS OF CRT
phosphor after it has been exposed to an
electron beam.

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CRT Display: Advantages and Disadvantages
• Advantages:
• Offers greater resolution.
• Widest viewing angle when compared to any other technology.
• It is cheap as compared to LCD, PLASMA displays.
• Disadvantages:
• Thickness is much larger as compared to LCD, PLASMA display.
• Cannot be used for smaller displays like watches, calculators, portable devices.
• View area is less than the offered monitor size.
• It is more fragile and bulkier.

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Chapter Three
Application of Display Device
There are many kinds of display device application
• Television set.
• Computer monitors.
• Head-mounted displays, Heads-up displays and Virtual reality headsets.
• Broadcast reference monitor.
• Medical monitors.
• Mobile displays (for mobile devices)
• Smartphone displays (for smartphones)
• Video walls. ()

Television
This technology combines liquid crystals and polarizers to create images on the screen.
Generally, LCD TVs have three polarized glass panels known as substrates. It contains
liquid crystals in between them. These panels are in red, blue, and green colours.

Computer monitor
There are a lot of benefits to using a monitor, especially a high-quality monitor. It is
essential for a good image. Good computer monitor deals have higher levels of color
accuracy, full high definition support, high refresh rates, high resolutions, and many other
features. Used by Professionals and Non-Professionals These monitors are often used by
many professionals such as graphic designers, video editors, photographers, professional
gamers, just to name a few. A high-quality monitor can enhance your enjoyment of films
and improve your work efficiency. Not only that but you can also feel secure with its
many safety functions such as overheating and anti-glare protection.

Medical monitor
A medical display is a monitor that meets the high demands of medical imaging. They
usually come with special image-enhancing technologies to ensure consistent brightness
over the lifetime of the display, noise-free images, ergonomic reading and automated
compliance with DICOM and other medical standards.

13
Smart phone display
There are many display types used in smartphones: LCD, OLED, AMOLED, Super
AMOLED, TFT, IPS and a few others that are less frequently found on smartphones
nowadays, like TFT-LCD. One of the most frequently found on mid-to-high range
phones now is IPS-LCD.

Video wall
That's because the display technology used in video walls – such as LCD and LED – are
less susceptible to being “washed out” by ambient light. These displays also maintain
consistent brightness regardless of their size, while front-projected images become
dimmer and blurry when they are enlarged.

Broadcast reference monitor

A video reference monitor also called a broadcast reference monitor or just reference
monitor, is a specialized display device similar to a television set, used to monitor the
output of a video-generating device, such as playout from a video server, IRD, video
camera, VCR, or DVD player. It may or may not have professional audio monitoring
capability. Unlike a television set, a video monitor has no tuner and, as such, is unable
independently to tune into an over-the-air broadcast like a television receiver. One
common use of video monitors is in television stations, television studios, production
trucks and in outside broadcast vehicles, where broadcast engineers use them for
confidence checking of analog signal and digital signals throughout the system. They can
also be used for color grading if calibrated, during post-production.

14
Chapter Four
How its work
What is a display?
In computing, a display is a device with a screen that shows a rendered electronic image
made up of pixels that are illuminated in a way that distinguishes text and graphic
elements. Pixels are tiny areas of illumination
-- bright dots of light -- that can number in the
millions on a single display. Today, most
displays use colored pixels.
A display includes multiple layers of material
that together provide the structure necessary
to render an image onto the screen. The exact
components depend on the underlying display
technology. Displays, used in conjunction
with devices such as keyboards and
FIGURE 5 WHAT DO PIXELS LOOK LIKE
trackpads, allow users to interface with a
computer and view stored, generated or transmitted data in the form of text and graphics.
In some computers, such as laptops or tablets, the display is integrated into the unit, along
with the processor and other computer components. In other computer systems, such as
desktops, the display is packaged in a separate unit called a monitor, which is connected
to the computer either directly or indirectly over a network. A display is not the same
thing as a monitor. All monitors include displays, but not all displays are monitors. Even
so, the terms display and monitor are often used interchangeably, and they're both
sometimes called video display terminals (VDTs).

How are images rendered on a display?

To render an image on a display, the computer's central processing unit (CPU) sends the
image data to a graphics processing unit (GPU). The GPU is either integrated into the
CPU or motherboard or is part of a separate graphics card. The GPU translates the image
data into bitmaps, which are then transmitted to the display. As part of this process, the
GPU must perform computationally intensive functions to ensure that the display
receives an exact representation of the screen image. The display renders this image from
a sequence of bits that describe the color values for specific X and Y coordinates, starting
from a given location on the screen. Previously, image information was sent to a
computer display primarily as analog signals. Today, those signals are usually digital.
Graphics cards that support analog connectivity can still be found. However, they must
convert the digital display signals to analog data so the image can be rendered on the
display.

15
Whether the image signals are digital or analog, the computer must be able to
communicate with the display. With an integrated display, connectivity is established
through the computer's architecture.
If an external monitor is used, the computer and monitor must support the same
connectivity technology. Currently, there are four primary display technologies used to
facilitate communications:
Video Graphics Array (VGA). This was one of the original analog display standards
used extensively with CRT monitors. The first generation of VGA technology supported
a resolution of 640 x 480. Because this standard was unable to meet the demands of
newer displays, extended versions of VGA were introduced, such as Super VGA
(SVGA), Extended Graphics Array (XGA), and Ultra Extended Graphics Array (UXGA),
which can support resolutions up to 1600 x 1200. Despite these gains, VGA has been
steadily giving way to digital display technologies that can handle greater resolutions.
Digital Visual Interface (DVI). DVI is a newer technology than VGA. It can carry both
analog and digital signals, depending on the DVI type. It also offers better image quality,
delivering resolutions up to 2560 x 1600. There are three primary types of DVI systems:
DVI-A (analog only and rarely used), DVI-D (digital only) and DVI-I (digital and
analog).
DisplayPort (DP). DisplayPort is a digital display interface that was standardized by the
Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) as a high-performance replacement for
display technologies such as VGA and DVI. DisplayPort is extensible, supports high
resolutions and uses packetized data transmission like Ethernet. The latest versions of the
DisplayPort -- 1.3 and 1.4 -- can deliver resolutions up to 7680 x 4320.

High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI). HDMI is popular in connecting

audiovisual devices, as well as computers to monitors. It supports high-quality digital and
audio signals (both uncompressed) and can handle display resolutions up to 3840 x 2160.
Many computers now include HDMI ports to simplify connecting to home AV
equipment. Many external monitors also include HDMI ports.

What should you look for in a computer display?

Computer displays differ in many ways, whether they're integrated into the computer or
are part of an external monitor. Considering these differences are important when
planning to purchase a computer or monitor because they determine the quality of the
image on the screen. Here are some of the main characteristics to consider when
evaluating computer displays:
Display size. The display size is the diagonal length of the screen from one corner of the
screen to the opposite corner.

16
Aspect ratio. This measurement is the ratio that compares an image's width and height.
Many of today's displays have an aspect ratio of 16:9, which is the same as high-
definition television (HDTV). Aspect ratios have varied over time as technologies
evolved.
Resolution. The resolution is the number of pixels displayed on the screen, typically
measured in terms of width and height. The higher the resolution, the better the image
detail. For example, a resolution of 1920 x 1080 (1080p) offers better quality than 1280 x
720 (720p).
Pixel density. The pixel density refers to the number of pixels per inch (ppi). The ppi is
based on the display size and resolution. For example, a 14-inch screen with a resolution
of 3024 x 1964 has a 258 ppi, but a 17-inch screen with the same resolution has only a
212 ppi. If the ppi gets too low, the display quality will suffer.
Refresh rate. Measured in hertz (Hz), the refresh rate is the number of times the display
is completely refreshed in a second. The higher the refresh rate, the smoother the
transitions between shifting images. Refresh rates typically range from 60 Hz to 120 Hz.
Some displays offer higher refresh rates, but those generally target specific use cases,
such as advanced graphics or gaming.
Image technology. This will primarily come down to choosing one of the available types
of LCD or LED display.
Connectivity. DisplayPort is generally favored over HDMI for computer monitors, with
DVI usually considered a third choice. (Connections such as Thunderbolt and USB-C
typically support DP connectivity.) VGA is seldom a consideration. ()

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 Summery
Display device are used for the visual presentation of information. A display device is a
device for visual or tactile presentation of images (include text)/ video acquired, strode,
or transmitted in various forms
Humans tend to express themselves in vivid, dazzling ways: they replaced symphony
with jazz, substituted gowns with mini-skirts, and the same fate happened to paper in the
last one hundred years, whose successors are called “displays”.
An LED display device is a flat-panel display that uses LED bulbs for backlighting.
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated
optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with
polarizers.
CRT stands for Cathode Ray Tube. CRT is a technology used in traditional computer
monitors and televisions.
There are many kinds of display device application
• Television set.
• Computer monitors
Television his technology combines liquid crystals and polarizers to create images on the
screen.
Computer monitor here are a lot of benefits to using a monitor, especially a high-quality
monitor.
To render an image on a display, the computer's central processing unit (CPU) sends the
image data to a graphics processing unit (GPU).

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Index
Application of Display
Device, 17
Brief History of The
Displays, 5
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT):,
15
How its work, 19
LCD Display device, 13
LED (Light emitting
diode), 11
Samsung electronics, 7
19
Sony group corporation, 9
The History of Old display
device manufacture, 7
Types of display device,
11
What should you look for
in a computer display?,
20
Who invented display
screens, 10
1 References
application of display device. wikipedia. [Online] https://en,m.wikipedia.org.
Brief history of display device. medium. [Online] https://www.medium.com.
how work display device. techtarget. [Online] https://www.techtarget.com.
who invented display screen. vss monitering. [Online] https://www.vssmonitering.com.

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