Centro Educativo Adventista

Maranatha

Name: Elena Galo, Hannah Barahona, Angie Skelton,

Ashlyng Garmendia.

Asignature: Geography.

Topic: Salinization.

Date: May-13-2022.
Objectives: the goal is to see why salinity arises

The Content: the content is the slides plus the information plus the
videos plus the report

Conclusion:
 Occurs by natural, or secondary, processes when it is caused by
human activities.
 Salinization occurs when salts dissolved in water tables rise to the
soil surface and accumulate as water evaporates.
 Salinization corresponds to an environmental problem that if
left unchecked leads to soil desertification
 In a soil with salinization, you can notice growth of highly salt-
tolerant plants, unhealthy-looking plants, thick dry layers of
white matter, streaks, and spots on the ground and unusual
moisture.
 Questions Salinization Geography
 What does salinization mean?
Salinization refers to the increase in salt concentration in an environmental
medium, notably soil.

 Where does salinization occur?

Salinization is a global problem. It tends to be concentrated in the world’s arid
and semi-arid regions.

 How can we reduce salinization?

Soil salinity can be reversed, but it takes time and is expensive. Solutions include
improving the efficiency of irrigation channels, capturing, and treating salty
drainage water, setting up desalting plants, and increasing the amount of water
that gets into aquifers. Mulches to save water can also be applied to crops.

 How is salinization caused by humans?

Human activities can cause salinization through the use of salt-rich irrigation
water, which can be exacerbated by overexploitation of coastal groundwater
aquifers causing seawater intrusion, or due to other inappropriate irrigation
practices, and/or poor drainage conditions.

 What is the most salt-tolerant crop?

“The most salt-tolerant crops are barley, camelina, rye, safflower, sunflower, and
sugar beets,” says Aberle. “We've replaced a lot of these crops with the least-
tolerant crops, which are dry beans, soybeans, corn, and field peas.”

 Why is salinization a problem?

Salinization is the process by which water-soluble salts accumulate in the soil.
Salinization is a resource concern because excess salts hinder the growth of crops
by limiting their ability to take up water. Salinization may occur naturally or
because of conditions resulting from management practices.

 What are the indicators of soil salinity?

 Salinization can be noticed visually by analyzing the soil surface, speed of water
infiltration, and vegetation state. As salinization proceeds, signs get more severe.
For example, slight whitening on the surface changes into distinct salt crystals.
Apart from visual changes, there are indirect indicators of extra salt
concentration. These are poorer water quality or animal behavior when livestock
refuses to drink water due to its salty taste.

 What is the problem with salinization in the water?

The problem with salinization is that salts not only accumulate in earths but
penetrate to initially freshwater bodies as well, leading to their salinization. It
deteriorates drinking and irrigation water and adds to further salinization of
drylands.

 What is the risk of flood of the soil sality?

Water table rise due to salinization reduces the earth’s ability for water
infiltration. With heavy rainfalls or river flooding, soils cannot cope with high
amounts of water flows. Thus, insufficient absorption results in runoffs and
floods. Strong water currents ruin constructions, damage farmlands, increase
sedimentation, and contaminate aquatic bodies.

 What are the salinity effects on plant growth?

Salinity affects production in crops, pastures, and trees by interfering with
nitrogen uptake, reducing growth and stopping plant reproduction. Some ions
(particularly chloride) are toxic to plants and as the concentration of these ions
increases, the plant is poisoned and dies.

 What are the different types of salinization?

Dryland salinity
Irrigation salinity
Urban salinity
Industrial salinity

 What is the Dryland salinity?

Dryland salinity is the accumulation of salts in the soil surface and groundwater
in non-irrigated areas.

 What is the Irrigation salinity?

Irrigation salinity is the rise in saline groundwater and the build-up of salt in the
soil surface in irrigated areas. It is caused by using large volumes of irrigation
 water that locally raise groundwater levels and mobilize salt. Irrigation salinity is
made worse when water used to irrigate is from salty sources.

 What is the Urban salinity?

Urban salinity is a combination of dryland and irrigation salinity processes and is
mainly caused by rising groundwater bringing salts to the land surface.

 What is the Industrial salinity?

Many industrial processes have the potential to increase salinity levels in rivers.
Examples are:
o saline water from mines (working and abandoned) from groundwater
seepage and from rainwater coming into contact with mine workings or
spoil
o discharged cooling water from coal-fired power stations that has been
partly evaporated, concentrating the salt content
o effluent being discharged.
 Glossary Salinization

1. Osmotic: Physical phenomenon related to the movement of a solvent through a semi-permeable

membrane.

2. Anionic: Chemicals that have a negatively charged ion. Anionic substances and solutions are not ionized
in aqueous solutions.

3. Drainage: Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface water and groundwater from an area
with excess water.

4. Salinity: the quality or condition of being salty; saltiness

5. Magnesium: a light, ductile, silver-white, metallic element that burns with a dazzling white light, used in
lightweight alloys, flares, fireworks, in the manufacture of flashbulbs, optical mirrors, and precision
instruments, and as a zinc substitute in batteries.

6. Soil: the portion of the earth's surface consisting of disintegrated rock and humus.

7. Aeration: Exposure to air.

8. Soluble: capable of being dissolved or liquefied: a soluble powder.

9. Electrical: concerned with electricity: an electrical consultant.

10. Carbonate: a salt or ester of carbonic acid.

11. Germination: The beginning of growth, as of a seed, spore, or bud. The germination of most seeds and
spores occurs in response to warmth and water.

12. Summarize: to make a summary of; state or express in a concise form.

13. Infiltration: the act or process of infiltrating.

14. Particles: a minute portion, piece, fragment, or amount; a tiny or very small bit: a particle of dust; not a
particle of supporting evidence.

15. Growth: the act or process, or a manner of growing; development; gradual increase.

16. Structure: mode of building, construction, or organization; arrangement of parts, elements, or

constituents: a pyramidal structure.

17. Yields: to give forth or produce by a natural process or in return for cultivation: This farm yields enough
fruit to meet all our needs.

18. Classification: the act of classifying.

19. Adsorption: The property of a solid or liquid to attract and hold to its surface a gas, liquid, solute, or
suspension.

20. leaching: Lixiviation

21. Better: of superior quality or excellence: a better coat; a better speech.

22. Sodium: Chemistry. a soft, silver-white, metallic element that oxidizes rapidly in moist air, occurring in
nature only in the combined state, and used in the synthesis of sodium peroxide, sodium cyanide, and
tetraethyllead.

23. Saline: of, containing, or resembling common table salt; salty or saltlike: a saline solution.

24. plant: Botany. any member of the kingdom Plantae, comprising multicellular organisms that typically
produce their own

25. both: one and the other; two together: He met both sisters. Both performances were canceled.

26. Lower: to cause to descend; let or put down: to lower a flag.

27. Degradation: the act of degrading.

28. Further: at or to a greater distance; farther: I'm too tired to go further.

29. Relation: an existing connection; a significant association between or among things: the relation
between cause and effect.

30. organic: noting or pertaining to a class of chemical compounds that formerly comprised only those
existing in or derived from plants or animals, but that now includes all other compounds of carbon.