●Ravel was a perfectionist and every bit a musical

craftsman.
MAPEH 10 FIRST QUARTER COMPOSITIONS:
(EXAM PREP) ● Bolero (1875-1937)
● Valses Nobles et Sentimentales (1911)
● Miroirs (Mirrors) (1905)
MUSIC
IMPRESSIONISM
EXPRESSIONISM
- One of the earlier forms clearly declares the
- Includes both deep despair and Intense joy.
entry of 20th century music. This was based on
- Reveals the composer's mind instead of
an art movement started by 19th century
presenting the emotions of the environment.
paris-based visual artists.
- Uses atonal and 12 tone scale.
- Impressionism was an attempt to suggest reality
COMPOSERS:
not to depict it.
Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951)
- It was meant to create an emotional mood rather
● His style was constantly undergoing
than a specific picture.
development.
- Is mostly associated with ATONAL which means
● His music gradually turned to the dissonant and
‘WITHOUT A TONAL CENTER’
atonal as he explored the use of chromatic
COMPOSERS:
harmonies.
Claude Debussy (1862-1918)
● He is credited with the development of the
● One of the most Important and Influential of the
twelve-tone system.
20th century Composers.
● His works were met with extreme reactions.
● He was the Primary exponent of the
● His compositions were approximately 213.
Impressionist movement.
COMPOSITIONS:
● He was also the focal point for other
● Verklarte Nacht, Three Pieces for Piano, op.11
impressionist composers.
● Pierrot Lunaire
- One of the most important and influential of the
● Verklarte Nacht (Transfigured Night, 1899)
20th century composers.
Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)
- He was the primary exponent of the
● He adopted the forms of the 18th century with
impressionist movement and the focal point for
his contemporary style of writing.
other impressionist composers.
● His music is very structured, precise, controlled,
- His early musical talents were channeled into
full of artifice, and theatrically.
piano lessons.
● His musical output approximates 127 works.
COMPOSITIONS:
Pelleas et Melisande (1895)- His famous operatic work
PRIMITIVISM
that drew mixed extreme reactions for its innovative
● Is tonal through the stressing of one note as
harmonies and textual treatments.
more important than others.
La Mer (1905)- A highly imaginative and atmospheric
COMPOSERS:
symphonic work for orchestra about the sea.
Bela Bartok (1881-1945)
Images, Suite Bergamasque, and Estampes- his
● He shed their influences in favor of Hungarian
most popular piano compositions; a set of highly
folk and peasant themes.
textured pieces containing his signature work Clair de
● He has approximately 700 musical
Lune (Moonlight)
compositions.
● His musical compositions total more or less 227.
● The 'Father of the Modern school Compositions'.
NEOCLASSICISM
Maurice Ravel (1875-1973)
● It was a partial return to an earlier classical style
● His compositional style is mainly characterized
of writing music with carefully modulated
by its uniquely innovative but not atonal style of
dissonance.
harmonic treatment.
● It also adopted a modern, freer use of the
● Many of his works deal with water int its flowing
seven-note diatonic scale.
or stormy moods, as well as with human
COMPOSERS:
characterizations.
Sergei Prokofieff (1891-1953)
 ● Regarded today as a combination of a neo
classicist, nationalist, and avant-garde
composer.
● His style is uniquely recognizable for its
progressive technique, pulsating rhythm, etc.
Francis Poulenc (1899-1963)
● He was one of the relatively few composers born
into wealth and a privileged position.
● He was a member of young French composers
known as ‘Les six’.
● His compositions had a coolly elegant modernity,
tempered by a classical sense of proportion.
AVANT GARDE MUSIC
● Closely associated with electronic music.
● The avant garde movement dealt with the
perimeters or the dimensions of sound in space.
COMPOSERS:
George Gershwin (1898-1937)
● “Father of American Jazz”
● He is a true “crossover artist”
● His works range from classical composition to
songs for stage film.
● His total compositions total around 369.
Leonard Bernstein (1918-1990)
● Endeared himself to his many followers as a
Charismatic conductor, pianist, composer, and
lecturer.
● His philosophy was that the universal language
of music is basically rooted in tonality.
● He is known for his compositions for the stage.
● Equally renowned were his ‘Harvadian lectures,’,
musical theories, and philosophical insights
delivered to his students at Harvard university.
Philip Glass (1937)
● One of the most commercially successful
minimalist composers.
● His music is often criticized as uneventful and
shallow, yet startlingly effective for its hypnotic
charm.
MODERN NATIONALISM
● A loose form of 20th century music development
focused on nationalist composers and musical
innovators who sought to combine modern
techniques with folk materials.
COMPOSER:
Erik Satie
● A french composer and a pianist was a colorful
figure in early 20th century music, specifically
avant-garde and modern nationalism.
20TH CENTURY MUSICAL STYLES: ELECTRONIC
AND CHANCE MUSIC
Electronic devices such as the early cassette tape
recorders;CD’S, VCD’S, and DVD’S, MP3 players, MP4,
Ipod, karaoke players etc. have been increasingly used
to create and record music.
NEW MUSICAL STYLES
ELECTRONIC MUSIC
● Musique Concrete- Music that uses a tape
recorder.
● The composer records different sounds that are
heard in the environment.
● The composer is able to experiment with
different sounds that cannot be produced by
regular musical instruments.
COMPOSERS:
Edgard Varese(1883-1965)
● He was considered an “innovative french-born
composer”, he pioneered and created new
sounds that bordered between music and noise.
● His musical composition are characterized by an
emphasis on timbre and rhythm.
● He invented the term “organized sound” which
means that certain timbres and rhythms can be
grouped together.
● He earned the title “The Father of electronic
music” also described as “the stratospheric
colossus of sound”
● His musical compositions total around 50.
COMPOSITIONS:
- Poeme Electronique
Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928)
● Is a central figure in the realm of electronic
music.
● His music was initially met with the resistance
due to its heavily atonal content with practically
no clear melodic or rhythmic sense.
COMPOSITIONS:
- Study II
CHANCE MUSIC
● Refers to a style in which the piece sounds
different at every performance because of the
random techniques and production.
● Most of the sounds came from the surroundings
both natural and man-made, such as bonking
cars, rustling leaves, blowing wind etc.
COMPOSERS:
John Cage (1912-1992)
 ●Known as one of the 20th century composers
with the widest array of sounds in his works.
● He manipulates the musical instruments in order
to achieve new sounds.
● He experimented with what came to be known
as CHANCE MUSIC.
COMPOSITIONS:
- Concert for piano and orchestra, 1958