kettle reboiler

Hot stream (shell)

Specification
steam, T
Inlet Temp, T_1 C 125
Outlet Temp, T_2 C 124
Mass flowrate kg/hr 72294.7842809639
Average MW g/mol 18
Volume Flowrate m3/hr 129.560545306387
Heat Capacity, Cp J/kg K 2010.7013
Density kg/m3 558
Viscosity Pa.s 0.0000132
Heat Conductivity, K_f W/m K 0.0271162754

Process data
Heat required for heating, Q_H kW 40.3786713158205
Mass flowrate of steam, m_hot kg/h 72294.7842809639
Volume flowrate of steam m3/h 129.560545306387
Log mean temp different, Del T_lm C 25.8948140984064
Temp correction factor, F_T
R 0.16593492218171
S 0.20436086881293
F_T 1
mean temp diff, Del T_m C 25.8948140984064

Bundle Diameter
Heat transfer area, A m2 547.134835330917
Heat transfer coefficient, U (initial guess) W/m2 K 2850
Tube pitch, p_t mm 31.75
-Asumption^
1. Tube length = 8m m 8
2. Tube Diameter, d_o=25.4mm mm 25.4
3. Tube thickness = 2.032mm mm 2.032
4. Triangular pintch
5. 2 tube passes 6
6. Split-ring floating head
Tube area, A_T m2 0.63837162720945
Number of tubes, N 857.078873825646
N_actual 858
Bundle diameter, D_b mm 1072.71256115391
-K_1 0.0743
-n_1 2.499
Shell Diameter
Shell diameter, D_shell mm 1144.91256115391
 - Clearance = 72 mm (Figure 12.10) mm 72.2
Baffle spacing, l_b (take average) mm 457.965024461565
-optimum:0.3 to 0.5D_shell
- 0.3D_shell mm 343.473768346173
- 0.5D_shell mm 572.456280576956

Shell side coefficient

Cross flow area, A_s m2 0.10486598181504
Shell-side mass velocity, G_s kg/m2 s 191.500467309883
Linear velocity, u_s m/s 0.34319080163061
Equivalent diameter, D_e mm 18.057257211242
Reynold number, Re 261967.666233909
Prandtl number, Pr 0.97879435020047
Heat transfer factor, j_h (figure 12.29) 0.0015
-Baffle cut:25%
Nusselt number, Nu (assume mu/mu is negligible) 390.154033847949
Heat transfer coefficient, h_s W/ m2 K 585.887663141628
Friction factor, j_f (figure 12.30) 0.03
Pressure drop, Del P_s Pa 8735.04073668056

Shell side coefficient

Average temperature, T_tube C 98.5239294843425
Tube flow area, A_f/tube mm 357.532797251194
tube per pass mm 59.5887995418657
Total flow area, A_f m2 0.05107230120396
Tube-side mass velocity, G_t kg/m2 s36.2496550652457
Linear velocity, u_t m/s 0.03954530260062
Equivalent dimeter, d_e = d_o mm 25.4
Reynold number, Re 3083.52725605238
Pr 1.91476034846219
Heat transer factor, j_h (figure 12.23) 0.0031
- L/D 314.96062992126
Nu 11.8699154985769
Heat transfer coefficient, h_t W/m2 K 306.895263257183
Friction factor, j_f (figure 12.24) 0.009
Pressure drop Del P_t Pa 15466.655358758

Overall heat transfer effiecincy

1/U_0 m2 K/W 0.00800451114895
-Thermal conductivity of SS 304, kw W/ m K 16.2
-inner diameter, di mm 21.336
- Steam fouling coefficient 4000
 - Steam fouling factor 0.0025
- water fouling coefficient 3000
- water fouling factor 0.0003
Overall heat transfer effiecincy, U_0 W/m2 K 124.929553022222
 Cold stream (tube)
water, t
95.5107 11.1814
101.537158968685
6664.87188731535
18.0152804853978
7.27081058023455
4211.1518 1890 steam@100C
916.661466251587
0.0002986
0.656714

https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c92ba8e01232c369bea6695/t/5d9f54642c3e785969068e6f/15707

https://www.steeltube
785969068e6f/1570722916962/Steam+reboiler+system+operations.pdf

https://www.steeltubesindia.net/stainless-steel-heat-exchanger-tube.html
Gas cyclone
Char removal

Assumption
Type of cyclone centrifuge cyclone with a tangential entry, 2D2D
Velocity inlet equal to the optimum performance of cyclone inlet speed
Vin m/s 20

Solid Gas
mass flow rate kg/hr 71225.29 157189.00
Volume flow rate m3/s 0.00761230555556 40.4965636540441
Density kg/m3 2599.05871639622 1.07820530541624
Viscocity 2.922432179E-05

Dimension of cyclone
Dimension ratio
Diameter of Barrel m Dc Dc
Length of the Body m Lc 2Dc
Length of the Cone m Zc 2Dc
Height of the inlet m Hc Dc/2
Width of the Inlet m W=Bc Dc/4
Diameter of the Gas Exit m De Dc/2
Diameter of Dust outlet m Jc Dc/4
Length of Sc m Sc Dc/8
Length of Vortex Finder m S Sc+H
Total length of cyclone m Lc+Zc 4Dc

Number of Effective Turns,N_e 6

Cut point diameter, x_crit,50 m 5.1915251373E-06
Gas residence time, Del t s 0.75671282347079
particle drift velocity, V_t m/s 0.26525823848649
Pressure drop, H_v velocity head 2.25
-Assume K=18 (worst case)
Pressuure Drop, Del P pa 485.192387437309
53.7188645047719

Efficiency of the cycloone seperator

Particle size Distribution avg (mm) size (m) Frictional efficiency

0 - 0.02 mm 0.01 0.00001 0.7877
- 0.04 mm 0.03 0.00003 0.9709
- 0.06 mm 0.05 0.00005 0.9893
- 0.08 mm 0.07 0.00007 0.9945
- 0.1 mm 0.09 0.00009 0.9967
- 0.12 mm 0.11 0.00011 0.9978
- 0.14 mm 0.13 0.00013 0.9984
- 0.16 mm 0.15 0.00015 0.9988
- 0.18 mm 0.17 0.00017 0.9991

Total removal
size Distibution Original (mass)
0.01 0.3017 21486.2352992657
0.03 0.0729 5192.39319584743
0.05 0.1106 7880.14868595257
0.07 0.1170 8335.78376850628
0.09 0.1099 7829.30657942056
0.11 0.1019 7260.13994379277
0.13 0.0944 6720.37324026205
0.15 0.0860 6124.31220523703
0.17 0.0056 396.592851210508
total 71225.2857694949

overall eficiency 93.1166966441255

nlet speed Performance Characterization of Gas-Solid Cyclone for Separation of Pa

Total
228414.28
40.504176 10.12604
1.5664659

Value
0.8028972
1.6057945
1.6057945
0.4014486
0.2007243
0.4014486
0.2007243
0.1003622
0.5018108
3.211589

Particle size Distribution

0 - 0.02 0.3017
- 0.04 m 0.0729
- 0.06 m 0.1106
- 0.08 m 0.1170
- 0.1 mm 0.1099
- 0.12 m 0.1019
- 0.14 m 0.0944
https://archive.nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/1 - 0.16 m 0.0860
- 0.18 m 0.0056

Efficiency (%)
 78.76997
97.092413
98.933421
99.452969
99.668364
99.777752
99.840775
99.880357
99.906828

Chart Title
remove left 120
16924.701 4561.534
100
5041.4198 150.9733
7796.1007 84.04799 80
Efficiency (%)

8290.1845 45.59929 60
7803.3417 25.96483
7244.0044 16.13553 40

6709.6727 10.70051 20
6116.9849 7.327314
0
396.22334 0.369515 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
66322.633 4902.652 Particle size (mm)
Cyclone for Separation of Particle from Syngas Produced from Food Waste Gasifier Plant

mass density mass Frac X/D

WATER 26681.2 0.5974 0.1168105 0.195532
CH4 1146.651 0.657 0.0050201 0.007641
CO 13753.72 1.14 0.0602139 0.052819
CO2 44562.81 1.87 0.1950964 0.10433
H2 646.7231 0.0899 0.0028314 0.031495
N2 70397.9 1.2506 0.3082027 0.246444
solid 71225.29 2599.059 0.311825 0.00012
26832 1/D 0.63838
44393.28 D 1.566466
228414.3

mass density mass Frac X/D Viscosity x*m^1/3

WATER 26681.2 0.5974 0.1697396 0.284131 0.00013 0.0085986636
CH4 1146.651 0.657 0.0072947 0.011103 0.000012 0.0001670076
CO 13753.72 1.14 0.087498 0.076753 0.0000172 0.0022586077
CO2 44562.81 1.87 0.2834983 0.151603 0.000023 0.0080623138
H2 646.7231 0.0899 0.0041143 0.045765 0.000015 0.0001014674
N2 70397.9 1.2506 0.4478551 0.358112 0.00001744 0.0116141216
157189 m^1/3 0.0308021818
1/D 0.927467 m 2.922432E-05
D 1.078205
12 0.14 0.16 0.18
Heat exchanger (condenser)
Hot stream (shell)
Specification
EtOH air mixture
Inlet Temp, T_1 C 95.5
Outlet Temp, T_2 C 87.6271743644488
Mass flowrate kg/hr 22803.3731011382
Average MW g/mol 18.0152804853978
Volume Flowrate m3/hr 24.8765481485611
Heat Capacity, Cp J/kg K 413534.29514056
Density kg/m3 916.661466251587
Viscosity Pa.s 0.0002986
Heat Conductivity, K_f W/m K 0.656714

Process data
Heat required for heating, Q_H kW 20622.38
Mass flowrate of steam, m_hot kg/h 22803.3731011382
Volume flowrate of steam m3/h 24.8765481485611
Log mean temp different, Del T_lm C 21.1419772682466
Temp correction factor, F_T
R 0.514177036366786
S 0.464663771599579
F_T 0.95
mean temp diff, Del T_m C 21.1419772682466

Bundle Diameter
Heat transfer area, A m2 975423.368592542
Heat transfer coefficient, U (initial guess) W/m2 K 1000
Tube pitch, p_t mm 127
-Asumption^
1. Tube length = 20m m 20
2. Tube Diameter, d_o=101.6mm mm 101.6
3. Tube thickness = 3.251mm mm 3.251
4. Triangular pintch
5. 2 tube passes 2
6. Split-ring floating head
Tube area, A_T m2 6.38371627209446
Number of tubes, N 152798.671967373
N_actual 152799
Bundle diameter, D_b mm 42601.2708400618
-K_1 0.249
-n_1 2.207
Shell Diameter
Shell diameter, D_shell mm 42673.4708400618
 - Clearance = 72 mm (Figure 12.10) mm 72.2
Baffle spacing, l_b (take average) mm 17069.3883360247
-optimum:0.3 to 0.5D_shell
- 0.3D_shell mm 12802.0412520186
- 0.5D_shell mm 21336.7354200309

Shell side coefficient

Cross flow area, A_s m2 145.682009083009
Shell-side mass velocity, G_s kg/m2 s 0.043480113610065
Linear velocity, u_s m/s 4.74331203076E-05
Equivalent diameter, D_e mm 72.2290288449681
Reynold number, Re 10.5175029475013
Prandtl number, Pr 188.029097185337
Heat transfer factor, j_h (figure 12.29) 0.0015
-Baffle cut:25%
Nusselt number, Nu (assume mu/mu is negligible) 0.090381370342337
Heat transfer coefficient, h_s W/ m2 K 0.821757016426123
Friction factor, j_f (figure 12.30) 0.03
Pressure drop, Del P_s Pa 0.000171321488839

Shell side coefficient

Average temperature, T_tube C 70.2039538344975
Tube flow area, A_f/tube mm 7102.85008142839
tube per pass mm 3551.4250407142
Total flow area, A_f m2 542.653029812802
Tube-side mass velocity, G_t kg/m2 s 0.005006682550838
Linear velocity, u_t m/s 6.69549270067E-06
Equivalent dimeter, d_e = d_o mm 101.6
Reynold number, Re 0.726684210235963
Pr 4042.91700514439
Heat transer factor, j_h (figure 12.23) 0.045
- L/D 196.850393700787
Nu 0.520942567526181
Heat transfer coefficient, h_t W/m2 K 0.615286497078166
Friction factor, j_f (figure 12.24) 0.6
Pressure drop Del P_t Pa 2.42631542465474

Overall heat transfer effiecincy

1/U_0 m2 K/W 4.25384920131379
-Thermal conductivity of SS 304, kw W/ m K 16.2
-inner diameter, di mm 95.098
- Steam fouling coefficient 4000
 - Steam fouling factor 0.0025
- water fouling coefficient 3000
- water fouling factor 0.0003
Overall heat transfer effiecincy, U_0 W/m2 K 0.235081205909028
 Cold stream (tube)
EtOH H2O mixture
62.5482 11.1814
77.859707668995
9780.80923988391
41.0860639168518
13.0799858403937
693071.48659618 1890 steam@100C
747.7691
0.0007
0.12

https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c92ba8e01232c369bea6695/t/5d9f54642c3e785969068e6f/15707

https://www.steeltube
4 passes (too hight) reduce to 2 passes
205844.508831225
 component mass frac
ETOH 0.920432
WATER 0.077224
MEOH 0.002344

785969068e6f/1570722916962/Steam+reboiler+system+operations.pdf

https://www.steeltubesindia.net/stainless-steel-heat-exchanger-tube.html
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Viscosity-of-water-ethanol-mixtures-at-different-temperatures-106_fig2
Assume ethanol-water binary system

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-thermal-conductivity-of-liquid-ethanol-and-water-mixture-changes
ifferent-temperatures-106_fig24_27516490

ol-and-water-mixture-changes-with-mole-fraction_fig5_331472176