8/17/2022

MODULE 2 :
Interactions of Earth’s Systems in
Openin Affecting Weather
g Lesson 1: The Troposphere and its Properties

Prayer Lesson 2: Heating of the Troposphere

Lesson 3: How is Wind Created?
Lesson 4: Formation of Clouds and Rain

Objectives:
1. identify the properties of the troposphere that are
relevant to weather and climate Lesson 1:
2. explain how the air in the troposphere is heated
up
The Troposphere and its Properties
3. describe how a low pressure area and a high
pressure area are formed
4. explain how winds are formed
5. describe how clouds are formed
6. discuss how rain is formed

1

Atmosphere
• the area of air and gas enveloping
objects in space, like stars and planets,
or the air around any location
• 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent
oxygen, 0.9 percent argon, and 0.1
percent other gases.
• Trace amounts of carbon dioxide,
methane, water vapor, and neon are
some of the other gases that make up
the remaining 0.1 %.
Troposphere
• “Tropo” – turning or changing (more weather changes)
• all weather occurs in this lowest layer.
• water or hydrologic cycle (the formation of clouds and rain)
• lowest layer of our atmosphere
• extends upward to about 10 km (6.2 miles or about 33,000 feet)
• densest layer
• air we breathe and the clouds in the sky
• Contains 75% of atmosphere’s mass
• How thick is the
troposphere in km?
 About 10KM
• Mt. Everest has a
highest peak of
• 8.85 km.
8/17/2022
5 LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
• Exosphere
• outermost layer of our atmosphere.
• “Exo” means outside
• very edge of our atmosphere.
• fades away into the realm
• Thermosphere
• raising its temperature to hundreds or at
times thousands of degrees.
• Importance: protect our planet by
absorbing harmful radiation
• Mesosphere
• “Meso” means middle
• coldest region of Earth's atmosphere,
close to -100°C
• meteors burn up into small fragments
of dust before they crash to the ground
• Stratosphere
• helps protect us from ultraviolet
radiation (UV) from the sun
• ozone layer absorbs most of the UV
radiation the sun sends to us
• Life as we know it wouldn't be possible
without this layer of protection.
• Troposphere
2
 8/17/2022

2 notable properties of the

troposphere?
• Temperature decreases as you go
higher
• Air pressure also decreases as you go
higher

WHICH LAYER OF THE WHICH LAYER OF THE

ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE DOES
CONTAINS THE OZONE ALL WEATHER TAKE
LAYER? PLACE?
A. TROPOSPHERE A. TROPOSPHERE
B. STRATOSPHERE B. STRATOSPHERE
C. MESOSPHERE C. MESOSPHERE
D. THERMOSPHERE D. THERMOSPHERE

3
 8/17/2022

WHICH LAYER OF THE

ATMOSPHERE HAS THE
HIGHEST
TEMPERATURE?
A. TROPOSPHERE
B. STRATOSPHERE
C. MESOSPHERE
D. THERMOSPHERE

Lesson 2:
Heating of the Troposphere

REFLECTION
• solar radiation bounces back
from an object or surface that it
strikes in the atmosphere, on land, or
water, and is not transformed into
heat.
• SCATERRING
When sunlight enters the
atmosphere of the earth, the atoms and
molecules of different gasses present in the
air absorb the light. Then these atoms re-
emit light in all directions

4
 8/17/2022

Lesson 3: How is Wind Created?

Air near the ground

• Wind is horizontally moving air. When air is surface is heated, gets
warmed and rises. This
moving horizontally, we feel it as a wind or breeze. air has low pressure.

• Air can also move vertically, it can go up, it can go

down or sink. However, we cannot feel air moving Cold air which has
high pressure sinks
vertically.
and replaces the rising warm
air producing the horizontal
movement of air called wind

• This is how wind is formed…. https://sites.google.com/site/electricityfuelresources/wind-energy/wind-formation-and-thermodynamics

5
 8/17/2022

Different
kinds of winds
Take note:
• SEA breezes
Winds are named after the direction they come • Clockwise direction
from. You have probably heard in weather
reports the easterly winds or the easterlies.
They were name as such because they come to
our country from the east direction.
• LAND breezes
• Counter clockwise

LAND BREEZE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dN2SB2Jg77o

SEA BREEZE

Take note:
the land heats up faster than the sea,
but it also cools down faster than the
sea.

6
 8/17/2022

Formation of Clouds

Lesson 4:
Formation of Clouds and Rain

 UPDRAFT
is the dominant vertical motion
carries warm and moist air upward,
cooling process in a convection system.

Formation of Rain

7
 8/17/2022

Closing Prayer
• Evaporation
• Water to gas (water vapor)
• Condensation
• Water vapor to water droplets
• Precipitation
• Water fall from sky in forms of
• Rain
• Hails
• snow