UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT THEORY II (PLT 201)

EXPERIMENT 2

SIMULATION OF LINEAR AND IDEAL TRANSFORMER

NAME : GROUP :

STUDENT ID : DATE :

MARKS
SIMULATION CALCULATION EXERCISE LAB EVALUATION
TOTAL

4 14 7 20 45

1|Page PLT 201 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT THEORY II

 EXPERIMENT 2

TITLE: SIMULATION OF LINEAR AND IDEAL TRANSFORMER

INTRODUCTION

Mutual inductance is a phenomenon basic to the operation of the transformer, an

electrical device used today in almost every field of electrical engineering. This device
plays an integral part in power distribution systems and can be found in many electronic
circuits and measuring instruments.

A transformer is a device that is based on magnetic coupling. Transformers are used in

both communication and power circuits. In communication circuits, the transformer is
used to match impedances and eliminate dc signals from portions of the system.

In power circuits, transformers are used to establish alternating current voltage levels that
facilitate the transmission, distribution and consumption of electrical power. A
knowledge of the sinusoidal steady-state behaviour of the transformer is required in the
analysis of both communication and power systems.

LINEAR AND IDEAL TRANSFORMER

PSpice supports analysis of circuits with three types of mutually-coupled coils. First, it is
possible to specify pairs of inductors which are coupled by using simple inductors, just as
we have previously, together with a part named K in the Analog library, which is used to
select the coupling coefficient for the inductors.

You are encouraged to explore PSpice analysis of a circuit with mutually-coupled coils.
Both linear and ideal transformers are modelled with the XFRM.Linear part from the
Analog library. The properties specified for this part include the inductance of the two
coils and the coefficient of coupling for the transformer.

CURRENT PRINTERS AND VOLTAGE PRINTERS

In this experiment, we used current printers and voltage printers to cause the result of the
analysis to be printed in the output file. In order to get the desired output data, we must
edit the property spreadsheets for these parts. Remember to specify the output from AC
analysis by placing a “Y” (for “yes”) in the column labelled AC.

Place a Y in the columns labelled MAG and PHASE if you want the output values in
polar form. Place a Y in the columns labelled REAL and IMAG if you want the output
values in rectangular form. The edited property spreadsheet for the voltage printer is
shown in Figure 2.1. As you can see, we have specified that the polar forms of the output
voltage be written to the output file.

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 Figure 2.1: The edited property spreadsheet for the current printer in the schematic

AC SWEEP ANALYSIS

Next we specify the type of analysis, which in this case is AC Sweep. The dialog box for
this analysis is shown in Figure 2.2. We are asked to specify the start and end frequency
and the total number of frequency points in our sweep.

Since we want PSpice to analyze the schematic for only a single frequency, the start and
end frequencies are the same, and the total number of frequency values is 1. Note that we
must specify the frequency in a PSpice source file in hertz.

Figure 2.2: The dialog box for AC Sweep Analysis of the circuit

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SECTION A: LINEAR TRANSFORMER

The PSpice part used to model a linear transformer has the name XFRM_Linear and is
found in the Analog library.

TASK

Use PSpice to find the rms amplitude and the phase angles of i1 and i2 in the circuit
shown in Figure 2.3 when Vg = 212.132 cos 20t V. Where L1 = 8H, L2 = 24H, M = 12H.

1. Calculate Vg in rms, coefficient k and frequency in Hertz.

2. Open new file which containing your name as describe in previous lab. Draw the
circuit as shown in Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3: The schematic for the circuit of Linear Transformer

3. Edit the part values by double-clicking on the part and then entering the appropriate
resistance, voltage (Vg) and coupling value. Ignore the tolerance values for
resistances.

4. Specify the AC Sweep analysis, by click PSpice/New Simulation Profile at the single
frequency that you calculate at step 1.

5. Click “Analysis” and then “Simulate”. This starts the simulation. When the graph
window appears, ignore this window, click View/Output File. Show your screen
answers to your instructor before proceeding to the next step.

6. Put all your answer in Table 2.1. Compare your simulation result with your
calculation.

7. Print out your result and submit together with your lab report at the end of lab
session.

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SECTION B: IDEAL TRANSFORMER

You can use the XFRM_Linear part to model the ideal transformers in a PSpice source
file by making L1 and L2 large enough that ωL1 and ωL2 are much greater than the other
impedances in the circuit. In addition to setting large values for L1 and L2, set the
coefficient of coupling equal to 1. You bring the turn ratio of the ideal transformer into
the model by using the relationship L1/L2 = (N1/N2)2.

TASK

Find the magnitude and phase angle of the primary and secondary voltages for the circuit
in the Figure 2.4, where Vg = 100 cos1000t V.

1. Calculate Vg in rms, frequency in Hertz and the value of L1 and L2.

2. Open new file which containing your name as describe in previous lab. Draw the
circuit as shown in Figure 2.4.

Figure 2.4: The schematic for the circuit of Ideal Transformer

3. Edit the part values by double-clicking on the part and then entering the appropriate
resistance, voltage, or current value. Ignore the tolerance values for resistances. Set
the coefficient of coupling equal to 1 and insert the value of L1 and L2.

4. Specify the AC Sweep analysis, by click PSpice/New Simulation Profile at the single
frequency that you calculate at step 1.

5. Click “Analysis” and then “Simulate”. This starts the simulation. When the graph
window appears, ignore this window, click View/Output File. Show your screen
answers to your instructor before proceeding to the next step.

6. Put all your answer in Table 2.2. Compare your simulation result with your
calculation.

7. Print out your result and submit together with your lab report at the end of lab
session.
5|Page PLT 201 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT THEORY II
SIMULATION

SECTION A: LINEAR TRANSFORMER

Table 2.1

PSPICE
Parameter
Magnitude Phase

I1

I2

SECTION B: IDEAL TRANSFORMER

Table 2.2

PSPICE
Parameter
Magnitude Phase

V1

V2

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CALCULATION

SECTION A: LINEAR TRANSFORMER

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CALCULATION

SECTION B: IDEAL TRANSFORMER

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EXERCISE

1. By using PSPICE result in Section A (Linear Transformer),

a. Calculate total average power generated, Pg

b. Calculate average power dissipated in R1

c. Calculate average power dissipated in R2

d. Calculate total average power dissipated, Pd if Pd = PR1 + PR 2

e. From your calculation, state the relationship between Pg and Pd in terms of

conservation-of-energy principle.

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2. Use PSPICE simulation to determine the mesh currents in the circuit of Figure 2.4.
Take ω = 1rad/s. Use k = 0.5 when solving this problem.

Figure 2.4

a. Sketch the PSPICE schematic drawing in the space below indicating clearly all
the part name and the value.

b. Run PSPICE Simulation and obtain I 1 and I 2

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 [ELECTRIC CIRCUIT II]
PLT 201 LABORATORY 2 EVALUATION

NAME : ________________________________________________________________

STUDENT ID : __________________________________________________________

Excellent Good Satisfactory Unsatisfactory

Contents Marks
4 3 2 1
Able to draw Able to draw Able to draw Unable to draw
complete circuit complete circuit complete circuit circuit and unable
Circuit
without error. with minor error. with major error. to meet
Drawing
requirement.

High-order Medium-level Low- level Very low-level

thinking ability thinking ability thinking ability thinking ability
Problem with no guide in with minor guide with major guide with complete
Solving troubleshooting. in in guide in
troubleshooting. troubleshooting. troubleshooting.

Circuit simulated Circuit simulated Circuit simulated Circuit not

and analyzed in and analyzed with but not able to simulated, not
the highest degree minor error on the complete the analyzed and
Circuit
of confidence to accuracy of the analysis. result not
Analysis
obtain the computed results. obtained.
computed results.

Effectively Demonstrates Demonstrates Shows little

identify the goals commitment in commitment in commitment in
Effort on and works achieving goals achieving goals, achieving goals
Achieving efficiently to meet and carries out but has difficulty and fails to
Goals all the task. assigned task performing perform assigned
effectively assigned task. tasks.
`
Able to understand Able to Able to Not be able to
the theory related understand the understand the understand the
to the experiment. theory related to theory related to theory related to
Oral
the experiment the experiment the experiment.
Evaluation
with minimum with maximum
guidance. guidance.

EXAMINER SIGNATURE : TOTAL (20 Marks) :

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