DERRICK

A derrick is a lifting device composed of one tower, or guyed mast such as a pole
which is hinged freely at the bottom. A basic type of derrick is controlled by lines
(usually four of them) connected to the top of the mast, powered by some means
such as man-hauling or motors, so that the pole can move in all four directions. A
separate line runs down from the top of the mast and over its bottom with a hook
on the end, as with a crane for lifting the loads. There are also other types of
derrick that may involve different ways to control the mast and a use of a boom. It
is commonly used in docks and on board ships. Some large derricks are mounted on
dedicated vessels, and are often known as "floating derricks.
The term "derrick" is also used to call the tall framework that holds the drilling
apparatus in an oil rig system.
The device was named for its resemblance to a type of gallows from which
a hangman's noose hangs. The derrick type of gallows in turn got its name
from Thomas Derrick, an English executioner from the Elizabethan era.

A Frame Derrick

In an A-frame derrick, the tower is set up from two poles or masts with their
bottom ends spread from each other and their top ends jointed together. There
are crossbars to connect the two poles, forming a letter "A" shape tower. The
tower is ground anchored to provide support. A boom is hinged from the lowest
cross bar and extends outward and upward. The top end of the boom is connected
to a pulley system which is connected to the top of the tower. Manipulating the
pulley system will allow the boom to change the angle against the tower. There is
another pulley system to connect to the top of the boom for load lifting. When an
A-frame derrick is used in a vessel, it is called floating A-frame derrick.

Basket Derrick

A basket derrick is a derrick without a boom that is supported by a rope-and-pole

system that forms a basket. The basket is constructed from a group of poles to
form a polygon. There are crossbars between the pole members to strengthen their
support. The supporting ropes are tied to the top of the basket poles on one end
and joined together on the other end at a lower elevation than the top of the
basket poles to form the base for the derrick tower. The derrick tower can be a
mast or a post with the bottom hinged at the base where all ropes meet. The top
of the tower is secured with multiple reeved guys to position the top of the tower
to the desired location by varying the length of the upper guy lines. The load is
lifted using a pulley system connected to the top of the tower.
Breast Derrick

A breast derrick is a derrick without a boom with a mast constructed from two
upright members. The upright members are more spread at their bottom ends than
their top ends. There are crossbars to join the two members from the bottom to
the top to form a mast. Without the use of boom, the top crossbar is also used to
connect to a sheave or a [Block(sailing)|block] that is used for lifting the load. The
mast is prevented from tipping forward by guys connected to its top.

Chicago Boom Derrick

A Chicago boom derrick is a derrick with a boom but having the boom attached to
an external structure. The external upright member of the structure serving as the
mast, and the boom being stepped in a fixed socket clamped to the upright. The
boom is connected to at least three pulley system to control the position of the
boom. For example, a pulley system is connected to the top of the boom and the
higher area of the external structure and two pulley systems near the top of the
boom connected on both sides of the boom to the external structure. The position
of the top of the boom can be controlled by manipulating these pulley systems.
The load is lifted from a separate pulley system that is connected to the top of the
boom.

Gin Pole

Gin pole derrick (also known as standing derrick or pole derrick) is a derrick
without a boom with single tower or mast supported by 4 guy wires (two side guys,
fore guy and rear guy). Its guys are so arranged from its top as to permit leaning
the mast in any direction. The base of the tower is hinged and the top of the tower
is connected to a pulley system for load lifting. As this is a simple derrick system,
it is considered to be used by some agencies as an improvised rescue derrick in an
emergency situation where no suitable rescue derrick or crane is available.

Guy Derrick

Guy derrick (also known as boom derrick) is a fixed guyed mast derrick that can be
rotated and connected to a boom. The mast is in upright position with the base
that can make the mast rotate, but not to be lean in any direction. The top of the
mast is connected to many guy wires which are anchored to the ground to support
the load. At the base, the mast is also connect to the bottom end of the boom.
The boom extends outward and upward to the desired position. The top of the
boom is a pulley system that is connected to the top of the mast to control how far
the boom is to be from the mast. When the mast is rotated, the connected boom is
swung from to the side. The control of the lifting location is done by the
manipulation of the top pulley system and the rotation of the mast at the base.
The load is lifted by another pulley system connected to the top of the boom. [2] In
a medium load lifting, another construction method can be used. In this case, the
mast is fixed without being rotated, but the boom can be swung around the mast.
This can be done by connecting the bottom of the boom with two boards on the
opposite sides around the surface of the boom to form a fork. The fork and the
bottom part of the boom is lashed to secure them together. Another lashing is
between the fork area and the mast at a higher position to support the weight of
the boom. The fork is put around the mast such that the bottom of the boom is
rested on the mast without permanently fixed to it. The fork prevent the boom to
come off the mast while swinging up to 180 degrees.

Shearleg Derrick

Shearleg derrick is similar to breast with an exception that instead of fixed guy
wires that secure the top of the mast, it is secured by multiple reeved guy to
permit handling loads at various radii by means of load tackle pulley system
suspended from the mast top. In a simpler construction, a shearleg derrick can be
assembled from two posts to form A-frame shear legs without any crossbar. The
bottom of the legs are set in two holes on the ground spreading them apart. There
is a rope to tie the two legs together near the bottom to prevent them from
spreading apart further. On the top side, the two legs are connected together by
a lashing but with a small spacer block placed between the legs. A sling, which
may be made from ropes, is placed around the area that two legs meet to be used
to put a tackle pulley system for lifting the load. There are two guy wires, front
and rear, to support the shear legs. The rear guy may be reeved to allow
adjustment of the angle of the shear legs.

Stiffleg Derrick

Stiffleg derrick is a derrick with a boom similar to a guy derrick, but instead of
using guy wires to secure the top of the mast, it uses two or more stiff members,
called stifflegs, which are capable of resisting either tensile or compressive
forces. Sills may also be used to connect between the bottom ends of the stifflegs
and the base of the mast.[2] There may be acounterweight to place on the siils
behind the stifflegs in heavy load lifting.[6] Stiffleg derrick on a vessel is called a
floating stiffleg derrick