CHAPTER - 4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

4.3 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

4.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

4.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE

4.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

4.7 RESEARCH DESIGN

4.8 SAMPLING PROCEDURE

4.9 PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION

PRIMARY DATA
SECONDARY DATA
4.10 DEVELOPMENT OF QUESTIONNAIRE

4.11 ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION

4.12 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

4.1 INTRODUCTION

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This study is intended to examine the contribution of central council of homoeopathy policies
in enhancing quality education in homoeopathy. So this unit of the thesis describes about the
composition of the process, tools, methodology adapted to carrying out the objectives of the
study undertaken. In order to present a coherent body of knowledge, a study needs to
systematic in nature. This chapter is presentation of all the systematic methods of the study
undertaken. It describes the research process followed and steps involved in undertaking the
research. It includes; background of study; statement of research problem; the significance of
the research; scope of study; research questions and statement of problem; objectives of
study; research design; sampling technique or procedure; sources of data, procedure followed
for data collection; development of instruments; limitations of the study and model
specification with method of data analysis. The key factors in the operations of any research
work are the appropriateness and the suitability of a research design to the purpose of the
main work (Owojori, 2002)

In research, there are many methods which can be used in collecting and analyzing data. No
one method can be said to be the best which explains why sometimes, a combination of data
collection methods may be suited for different types of research. The key factors in the
operations of any research work are the appropriateness and the suitability of a research
design to the purpose of the main work.

4.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

To quote Swami Vivekanand, “Education is not the amount of information that we put into
your brain and runs riot there, undigested, all your life. We must have life-building,
man-making, character-making assimilation of ideas. If you have assimilated five ideas and
made them your life and character, you have more education than any man who has got
by heart a whole library..... .... If education is identical with information, the libraries are
the greatest sages of the world and encyclopaedia are the greatest Rishis.” The
statement of Swami Vivekanand assumes much greater significance with the advent of
internet and ever expanding digital connectivity.

The National Policy on Education, which is being formulated nearly three decades since the
last Policy, recognizes the criticality of Education as the most important vehicle for
social, economic and political transformation. It reiterates the role of education in
inculcating values, and to provide skills and competencies for the citizens, and in

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enabling him to contribute to the nation’s well-being; strengthens democracy by empowering
citizens; acts as an integrative force in society, and fosters social cohesion and national
identity. One cannot over -emphasize the role of Education as the key catalyst for promoting
socio-economic mobility in building an equitable and just society. It is an established fact that
an education system built on the premises of quality and equity is central to
sustainable success in the emerging knowledge economy. Education is a powerful tool for
preparing our citizens in the knowledge society. Education will amalgamate
globalization with localization, enabling our children and youth to become world
citizens, with their roots deeply embedded in Indian culture and traditions
(Subramaian)

Homoeopathy was introduced in India when some German missionaries and physicians
started distributing homoeopathic medicines amongst local inhabitants. However,
Homoeopathy took roots in India in 1839 when Dr. John Martin Honigberger successfully
treated Maharaja Ranjit Singh for the paralysis of Vocal Cords. Dr. Honigberger settled in
Kolkata (the then Calcutta) and became popular as Cholera-doctor. Later, Dr. M.L. Sirkar, a
reputed Physician of his time, also started practicing Homoeopathy. He edited the first
Homoeopathic Journal ‘Calcutta Journal of Medicine' in the year 1868. In 1881, many
renowned physicians including Dr. P.C. Mujumdar and Dr. D. N. Roy established first
Homoeopathic College - the ‘ Calcutta Homoeopathic Medical College'. Dr. Lahiri, Dr. B. K.
Sarkar and many others made personal efforts in establishing Homoeopathy as a profession.
They are well known for their contribution to the growth of Homoeopathy not only in West
Bengal but also in the whole country.

Over the years, the number of amateur homoeopathic practitioners grew steadily and most of
them approached the Government to accord recognition to Homoeopathy. The turning point
came in 1937 when the Central Legislative Assembly resolved, “That this Assembly
recommends to the Governor General in Council that he may be pleased to introduce
Homoeopathic treatment in government hospitals and give homoeopathic colleges in India
the same status and recognition as in the case of allopathic colleges”. Later, in the year 1948,
the same Assembly adopted yet another resolution about Homoeopathy, which was followed
by constitution of the Homoeopathic Enquiry Committee. In 1949, this Enquiry Committee
submitted its report recommending that Central Homoeopathic Council be constituted. In
1952, a Homoeopathic Adhoc Committee (later re-christened as ‘Homoeopathic Advisory
Committee' in 1954) was constituted, which was to advise the Government on all matters

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related to Homoeopathy, namely homoeopathic education, homoeopathic research, regulation
of practice, pharmacopoeia, rural medical aid, drug manufacture, family planning, financial
aid to homoeopathic colleges, dispensaries, hospitals and cooperation with International
Homoeopathic Medical League. In 1973, the Parliament passed the Homoeopathy Central
Council Act for regulating homoeopathic education and practice in the country.

Jamkar “Homeopathy is an integral part of Indian healthcare and under the patronage of the
Government of India; Homeopathy has seen much growth and better regulation since
independence. However, the education system in homeopathy remains woefully short in
imparting quality education to the homeopaths, thus resulting in poor utilization of
Government funds, infrastructure and manpower. Though India is becoming the global hub
for Homeopathic education & training, and has created master prescribers in the system, what
we see today is progressive deterioration of quality due to myopic implementation of
educational standards. On one side, the number of colleges and students are consistently
increasing, whereas confident prescribers and able teachers are gradually reducing. This is a
very disturbing trend in the progress of system which claim to be the 2nd largest medical
practice in the world”.

Department of AYUSH Govt. India in their report (F.No.R-13040/10/2011 -HD (Tech) dt.
March 2011 expressed their concerns as “The Central Government has also received
complaints, in this scenario gives apprehension that there may be possibility of growth of
substandard education. Similarly, the existence of such substandard colleges may create a
possibility of adopting malpractices and unfair practices by the colleges…..it is necessary to
adopt urgent measures to regularly monitor the Homoeopathy Medical Colleges."

The AYUSH ministry itself has conducted inspection of all homeopathy colleges and has
found most of them not meeting the required standard.

It is essential to have appropriate regulations and agencies for implementing these regulations
in order to ensure that quality of education is maintained. The Central Council of Indian
Medicine (CCIM), a statutory body constituted in 1970 and the Central Council of
Homoeopathy (CCH) constituted in 1973 are responsible for laying down and maintaining
uniform standards of education for Courses in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani and
Homoeopathy, regulating the practice in Indian Medicine and prescribing standards of
professional conduct, etiquette and code of ethics for practitioners and advising the Central
Government in matters relating to recognition of appropriate qualifications of Indian

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Medicines and Homoeopathy. These Councils also maintain Central Registers for Indian
medicine and Homeopathy respectively. These central professional bodies work in co-
ordination with State Board/Councils in maintaining the standard of medical institutions of
ISM and H in the respective States. However, the monitoring procedures and schedules are
not adequate. The recommendations of CCIM and CCH are often not acted upon. A system
of periodic monitoring by an accreditation committee will be worked out and implemented
during the Ninth Plan. Periodic inspection and certification will later be made mandatory for
the recognition of the institutions.

In order to improve the manpower development in ISM and H it is important to ensure

uniformity in entry standards, and uniformity in the curricula. It is imperative that the
condition of hospitals where the students learn the essential clinical care are improved so that
appropriate clinical training is given. The focus during the Ninth Plan will be over ensuring
quality and relevance of the undergraduate training and over improving clinical skills through
a period of internship with possible multi- professional interaction.

The Central Research Councils' R and D programmes will be strengthened during the Ninth
Plan period, if necessary, by reorganisation and by providing adequate infrastructure and
resources. These Councils will also collaborate with outside research institutions and research
funding agencies as well as universities. The major focus will be on developing new drug
formulations. These, as well as formulations traditionally used in ISM and H for treatment of
illnesses for which there is no effective remedy in modern system of medicine will be tested
for safety and efficacy. Clinical trials will also be undertaken in formulations traditionally
used in tribal societies and reported as being effective.

4.3 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

Enormous research has been done on the perception of beneficiary groups of respondents
towards the policies in enhancing quality education But no one has been conducted a study
on contribution of central council of homoeopathy policies in enhancing quality education in
homoeopathy.

Homoeopathy is largely seen as a therapy for the individual, where the believers of
Homeopathy seek treatment from homeopaths as a matter of choice. However, there is now
sufficient evidence both from the past as well as the present for the world to start seeing
homeopathy on a larger scale. Homeopathy is not merely treating isolated sets of individuals,

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but the public as a whole. In India, homoeopathy is relatively popular. A cafeteria approach,
where patients are offered different systems of medicine under one roof, is being followed as
a matter of policy in providing primary health care to the masses. Recently, the Indian
Government successfully ran a national health campaign ‘Homeopathy for a Healthy Mother
& a Happy Child’, which was based exclusively on homoeopathy. In addition, private
homeopathic practitioners are contributing a great deal in public health care through their
private or charitable clinics Manchanda (2016). Therefore, the present study was taken up
on contribution of central council of homoeopathy policies in enhancing quality education in
homoeopathy.

4.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

A research is systematic process of collecting and analyzing information in order to increase

understanding of the phenomenon about which we are concerned or interested. The basic
objective of any research is to make systematic inquiry which provides information to solve
the problem under consideration.

This research is designed and formulate with the objectives of examining the contribution of
central council of homoeopathy policies in enhancing quality education in homoeopathy.

So in practical terms, this research would be useful for understanding the inefficiencies and
finding improvement opportunity for the various policies in enhancing quality education in
homoeopathy. On one hand, India is becoming the international hub for Homeopathic
training & education, and thus creating leading leaders in the system, while on the other hand
our country is witnessing deterioration of quality education continuously due to the bad
execution of educational system. Though the number of colleges and students are regularly
increasing, at the same time, self-reliant mentors and capable teachers are gradually falling.
This is a very upsetting tendency in the growth of the system which is known as the 2nd
largest medical practice in the whole world.

Homoeopathic medicines are prepared from traces of animal, plant, mineral and other natural
substances, by a standard method called dynamisation or potentisation, which comprises of
successive dilutions and successions to raise the inherent curative power of the drugs to
maximum. The medicines thus prepared through ‘Potentisation', attain their potential
enhanced enormously to combat ailments while at the same time absence of toxicity is
assured. The medicines are usually proved in healthy human beings, to ascertain their

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curative properties. The system believes in the existence of a self- regulating force in the
organism, which plays a vital role during health, disease and cure. The symptoms are
considered as the body's natural reaction to the illness and help to find a remedy against the
illness. The remedies work by stimulating the body's defence mechanism to correct itself
naturally. This therapy adopts an individualistic and holistic approach towards the sick
individual. A homoeopathic doctor does not treat in the name of disease; rather the treatment
is targeted against the “patient” who is suffering from a particular disease. The physician
perceives all the derangements at physical and mental levels of the patient, brings about
conceptual image of the patient through totality of symptoms and selects the medicine, which
is most similar to the symptomatic totality of the patient.

Homoeopathic medicines are cost effective, palatable, have no adverse side effects and can
be administered easily. In some cases, the medicines can be prescribed on the basis of
symptoms of the patients, without depending upon the cumbersome and costly diagnostic
modalities. Homoeopathy has been useful in treatment of psychosomatic disorders,
autoimmune diseases, geriatric and pediatric disorders, ailments during pregnancy, obstinate
skin diseases, life style disorders and allergies, etc. It also has a positive role in improving the
quality of life in incurable chronic diseases like cancer, HIV/AIDS, terminally ill patients and
incapacitating diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Its popularity is gaining momentum, all
over the world.

Healthcare services in Homoeopathy are provided by 235 hospitals and 8117 dispensaries run
by state governments and municipal bodies, Central Government Health Scheme, labour
ministry and railway ministry. The Government of India launched the National Rural Health
Mission (NRHM), to carry out necessary architectural correction in the basic health care
delivery system in the country. A strategy in the NRHM is to mainstream the Indian systems
of medicine and Homoeopathy to facilitate health care through these systems. Under NRHM,
AYUSH facilities have been co-located in 512 district hospitals, 2739 community health
centres and 9112 primary health centres in 2015. “AYUSH Wellness Centre” has recently
been inaugurated by Hon’ble President of India, Shri Pranab Mukherjee on 25th July 2015 at
the President’s Estate, New Delhi.

Since the last two decades there is a consistent focus to enhance quality of services, with
initiatives to upgrade education, research and drug development and escalate health care
delivery for which many initiatives have been taken up by the Government of India.

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Thus, the significance of this study is to evaluate the contribution of the central council of
Homeopathy (CCH) and AYUSH particularly in Homeopathy education system based on the
review of the literature. There are various “Padhyatis” in medical teachings such as Unani,
Homeopathy, Ayurveda, and Allopathic. Each of these disciplines has its own weightage in
the medical education system. This study is chiefly concentrated on Homeopathy medical
education and involvement of CCH in Homeopathy education.

The significance of the study is not only confined to the places mentioned above but this
study also gives relevant insights into how the central council of Homeopathy strategies
contribute to improve the quality education in homeopathy and what is the level of their
impact on Homeopathy education. This investigation is grounded on the policies of the
central council of Homeopathy and their role in Homeopathy education.

4.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

In India approximately 70% population lives in rural areas and villages, hence availability of
expensive traditional medical facilities is limited. Thus homeopathy can be the optimal option
of treatment being cost-effective and matching the requirements of the wide variety of
diseases of the rural area. Homeopathy has been proved to be very helpful in controlling and
inspecting many non-transmissible diseases, cancer discomforts, opportunistic contagions of
HIV/AIDS, ulcers of diabetes, and leprosy with the help of other systems of medicine. Hence
it can be provided to patients for the aforesaid diseases in the tertiary health care of allopathic
hospitals.

On one hand, India is becoming the international hub for Homeopathic training & education,
and thus created leading prescribers in the system, while on another hand our country is
witnessing progressive worsening of quality of education due to the based execution of
educational standards. Though the number of colleges and students are regularly rising, still,
self-reliant prescribers and capable teachers are gradually falling. This is a very troubling
trend in the growth of a system which is known to be the 2 nd largest medical practice in the
whole world.

Thus the scope of this study is to evaluate the contribution of the central council of
homeopathy (CCH) and AYUSH particularly in homeopathy education system based on the
review of the literature. There are various “Padhvatis” in medical teachings such as Unani,
Homeopathy, Ayurveda, and Allopathic. Each of these disciplines has its own weightage in

8
the medical education system. This study is chiefly concentrated on Homeopathy medical
education and involvement of CCH in Homeopathy education.

Scope here not only confined to places mentioned above but this study also put relevant
insights into how the central council of homeopathy strategies contributes to improving
quality education in homeopathic and what is the level of their impact on homeopathy
education. This investigation is grounded on policies of the central council of homeopathy
and their role in homeopathy education.

As far as medical treatments concerned India is a rapidly growing and developing part of
Asia. Selection of the study area – For proposed study, the researcher has selected
“CONTRIBUTION OF CENTRAL COUNCIL OF HOMOEOPATHY POLICIES IN
ENHANCING QUALITY EDUCATION IN HOMOEOPATHY”.

4.6 OBJECTIVES

The main objectives of the proposed study are:

 To study the conceptual framework of Homeopathy.

 To study the available review of literature of Homeopathy and related study area.
 To study the policies of the central council of Homeopathy in especial reference to
MSR 2013.
 To give suggestive measure to enhance the quality of education in the field of
Homeopathy by redesigning the council strategies.

4.7 RESEARCH DESIGN

According to Zikmund (2006), “The research design contributes the blue print for the
collection, measurement and analysis of data”. The research design is the plan and structure
of investigation so conceived as to obtain an answer to the research problem.
Cochran (2006) suggests essentials of research design:
• An activity- and time-based plan
• A plan always based on the research question
• A guide for selecting sources and types of information
• A procedural outline for every research activity
Research design is considered as a "blueprint" for research, dealing with at least four
problems-which questions to study, which data are relevant, what data to collect, and how

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to analyze the results. The best design depends on the research question as well as
the orientation of the researcher. Every design has its positive and negative sides. In
sociology, there are three basic designs, which are considered to generate reliable data;
these are cross-sectional, longitudinal, and cross-sequential. Research design can be divided
into fixed and flexible research designs (Robson, 1998).

The data in a study approach are obtained through a review of written records and by means
of interview and questionnaire techniques, and in this sense, the case study resembles the
archival method; where it differs direct observation techniques and analysis are applied. The
chosen research design mainly emphasizes on the discovery of ideas and development of
insight into the subjects under study. To understand the “Contribution of Central Council of
Homoeopathy Policies in Enhancing Quality Education in Homoeopathy”. The chapter one
was devised, which is structured through the introduction, Chapter 2 consists of extensive
review of related literature. This chapter covers one of the objectives of study. This chapter
will comprise Introduction of Research, Research Design Exemplar, preparation of tool for
homeopathy, procedures for data collection, development of the questionnaire, data analysis
and presentation methods and procedures and Limitation of study etc. Chapter 4 will present
analysis and interpretation: that will discuss about Analysis and Interpretation of covered
Data by respondents through a structured questionnaire. Presentation of analysis will perform
to established objectives and identify the contribution of CCH in enhancing quality education
in homeopathy. It will also include the systematic analysis of accumulated data & will
examine the reliability of collected data before starting the main analysis. After collection of
data from primary and secondary sources, it will be analyzed with the help of various
statistical tools as required and last chapter six structured with Conclusion and findings,
limitation and recommendations of the study.

The scope of the study shall be restricted to the all Dean, Director, Principles, Professors,
readers and to all good specialists of various medical colleges in India. The research design of
the study shall be exploratory to be followed by causal and descriptive studies.

In this research an Exploratory, research design will be followed with Causal research design
which has been explored by (Getz & Brown, 2006) that “The exploratory research tends to
tackle new problems on which little or no previous research has been done”.

4.8 SAMPLING PROCEDURE

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For many research questions and objectives, it will be impossible to either collect or analyze
all the data available owning to restrictions of time, money and often access.

Sampling techniques provide a range of methods that enables one to reduce the amount of
data one need to collect by considering only data from a sub-group rather than all
possible cases or elements. Some research will require sample data to generalize about all
the cases from which your sample has been selected. The full set of cases from which a
sample is taken is called a population.

In sampling, the term population is not used in its normal sense, as the full set of cases need
not necessarily be people. (Saunders et al., 2009) there are two types of sampling,
probability sampling and non-probability sample. With probability sampling each unit
or respondent will be randomly selected and all have an equal chance to be included
in the sample. This means that it is possible to answer the research questions and to
achieve objectives that require you to estimate statistically the characteristics of the
population from the sample. Non-probability sampling, in contrast, means that the chance
that respondents will be included in the sample cannot be predicted. It is impossible to
the answer research questions or to address objectives that require you to make statistical
inferences about the characteristics of the population. Having chosen a suitable sampling
frame and established the actual size required one need to select the most appropriate
sampling technique to obtain a representative sample and answer the research questions.

The present study is confined to study the contribution of central council of homoeopathy
policies in enhancing quality education in homoeopathy.

The population of this research works includes 197 medical colleges from a different part
of India. Among them, some are government medical colleges and some are private
medical colleges. For the purpose of data collection total, 300 sets of questionnaires will
be collected from the respondents like Dean, Director, Academicians, Readers lecturers
etc.

4.9 DATA COLLECTION

Data collection is any process of preparing and collecting data, as part of a process
improvement or similar project. The purpose of data collection is to obtain information

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to keep on record, to make decisions about important issues, or to pass information
on to others. Data are primarily collected to provide information regarding a specific topic.
A formal data collection process is necessary as it ensures that data gathered are both
defined and accurate and that subsequent decisions based on arguments embodied in the
findings are valid. The process provides both a baseline from which to measure and in certain
cases a target on what to improve.

Data collection usually takes place early on in an improvement project, and is often
formalized through a data collection plan which often contains the following activity.

Pre collection activity agree on goals, target data, definitions, methods Collection—
data collection

Present Findings —usually involves some form of sorting analysis and/or presentation.

Prior to any data collection, pre-collection activity is one of the most crucial steps in the
process. It is often discovered too late that the value of their interview information is
discounted because of poor sampling of both questions and informants and poor elicitation
techniques. After pre-collection activity is fully completed, data collection in the field,
whether by interviewing or other methods, can be carried out in a structured, systematic and
scientific way.

A formal data collection process is necessary as it ensures that data gathered are both defined
and accurate and that subsequent decisions based on arguments embodied in the findings are
valid. The process provides both a baseline from which to measure from and in certain cases
a target on what to improve.

Other main types of collection include census, sample survey, and administrative by-product
and each with their respective advantages and disadvantages. A census refers to data
collection about everyone or everything in a group or statistical population and has
advantages, such as accuracy and detail and disadvantages, such as cost and time.
A sampling (statistics) is a data collection method that includes only part of the total
population and has advantages, such as cost and time and disadvantages, such as accuracy
and detail. Administrative by-product data are collected as a by product of an organization's
day-to-day operations and has advantages, such as accuracy, time simplicity and
disadvantages, such as no flexibility and lack of control.

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PRIMARY DATA
Primary data is unpublished data and generally collected through the respondents. In this
study primary data was collected under following categories:
1. Raw data and fact sheets from the various institutes of homoeopathy education in
India.
2. By observing respondents
3. Enquiring participants from different sources to capture comprehensive information to
construct information flow.
4. Structured questionnaire used to obtain data on factors which affects efficiency in
terms of information flow.

Structured interviews use questionnaires based on a predetermined and standardized or

identical set of questions and we refer to it as interviewer-administered questionnaires
(Saunders, et al, 2009). Each question is being read and response is done on a
standardized schedule, while it’s a social interaction between the participants. As structured
interview are used to get a quantifiable results, they are referred to as quantitative research
interview.

SECONDARY DATA

There are several types of secondary data. They can include information from the national
population census and other government information collected by Statistics. One type of
secondary data that is used increasingly is administrative data. This term refers to data that is
collected routinely as part of the day-to-day operations of an organization, institution or
agency. Secondary data was gathered by authors choosing several channels to get a complete
overview of the existing theory and research. In addition the available literature in library of
Rajasthan Vidhyapeeth University, University of Rajasthan, the Internet research portals like
Emerald, Science Direct, Essays.se etc were used to find published scientific essays, research
articles and journals about the topic investigated. In order find, the latest study related
statistics and information about various homoeopathy education institutes in India.

Compared to primary data, secondary data tends to be readily available and inexpensive to
obtain. In addition, administrative data tends to have large samples, because the data
collection is comprehensive and routine. What’s more, administrative data (and many types

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of secondary data) are collected over a long period. That allows researchers to detect change
over time.
Compared to primary data, secondary data tends to be readily available and inexpensive to
obtain. In addition, administrative data tends to have large samples, because the data
collection is comprehensive and routine. What’s more, administrative data (and many types
of secondary data) are collected over a long period. That allows researchers to detect change
over time.

4.10 DEVELOPMENT OF QUESTIONNAIRE

To collect the data questionnaire was prepared. Questionnaire consists of diverse questions to
know the actual information and they were asked from all level of respondents. .
Questionnaire is divided into four parts: Where in Part A it includes the demographic factors
such as college Name, Email, Telephone, Gender, Age, Education, Profile, Income And
Experience.

In Part (B), Question comprises the information regarding student entry and student training
and the parameters of Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH) in education. For this purpose
various parameters has been given on five point likert scale which are given below.

Entry Level and Training for the students in homeopathy education.

S. No. Parameters (1) S D (2) D (3) N (4) A (5) S A

STUDENT ENTRY LEVEL

1 There should be screening test
and aptitude test for students in
order to get admission in
private colleges also.
2 The students who join
homeopathy are of sub
standard as compared to other
stream and it is one of the
major causes which affect
quality education.
3 Students who join homeopathy
especially in private college
also appear for screening test
before ensuring admission in
Homeopathy.
STUDENT TRAINING
4 The clinical training given

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 during homeopathic
curriculum is not sufficient
and it needs a lot of
improvement.
5 During Homeopathic
curriculum the clinical part is
neglected from college
management and students also
avoid it.

Parameters of Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH) in education ask with responses

yes and no.
S. No Parameters Yes (1) No (2)
1 The annual exam pattern given by CCH needs some
improvement.
2 Instead of annual examination there should be quarterly
short examination with fixed divided syllabus in order to
increase the quality education.
3 Long answer type questions are sufficient in order to
judge depth of subject.
4 Inclusion of objective type questions, short type questions
and long short note will enhance the quality in education.

Part C contains the question regarding teaching faculty, parameters on Selection of Teaching
Faculty, teacher’s remuneration, teachers training.

Parameters on Selection of Teaching Faculty are given below

S. No Parameters Yes (1) No (2)

1 Are you agree that in most of the Private colleges the
process of selection of teaching faculty is not correct and
need to adopt some better criteria from CCH, MSR.
2 Should there be more or fixed criteria for selection of
teaching faculty apart from qualification which is
mentioned in Minimum Standard Regulation (MSR).
3 Training should be given to teachers about, how to put
more innovative ideas in order to improve clinical
training part.

Parameters for Teachers Remuneration and teachers training

S. No. Parameters (1) S D (2) D (3) N (4) A (5) S A

TEACHERS REMUNERATION
1 Except government College there
is exploitation of teachers in
private Homeopathy colleges.

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2 Teacher’s remuneration is directly
or indirectly affecting the quality
education in homeopathy.
3 Most of the private colleges have
lots of remuneration discrepancies
present among the staff.
4 All discrepancies among staff
ultimately put a negative impact
on quality education in
Homeopathy.
5 The primary aim of the most of
the private colleges is making
money only.
TEACHERS TRAINING
6 There is a necessity of training for
combining clinical subjects with
homeopathy for better
understanding.
7 The team of experts should go to
colleges and should impart such
type of training to the teachers.

Part D includes the questions like on improvement of Homeopathic Education System. the
used parameters are

1 Indian Homeopathic Education

System is lacking in imparting
quality education and requires
certain changes at different
levels.
2 Need to frame some concrete
policies of CCH.
3 In past 3-4 decades many sub
standard colleges came into
existence.
4 CCH inspections need more
transparency.
5 There is a strong and urgent
need to review the central
council policies at different
levels in order to increase the
quality education in
Homeopathy.

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4.11 ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION

The data obtained through the set of questionnaire were analyzed by using appropriate
statistical tools. The filled up questionnaires were coded and master data sheet was prepared.
The data was then tabulated and classified on the basis of independent and dependent
variables. Detail analysis, interpretation and discussion of the data are presented in chapter-5.

The summary statistics of the collected data have been presented in a systematic manner. The
statistical tests: descriptive Statistics, Frequency Distribution, Test of Homogeneity of
Variance, ANOVA, chi-square test etc.

The data obtained through questionnaire were analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools.
The filled up questionnaires were coded and master excel data sheet and SPSS data sheet
were prepared. Then data were tabulated and classified. Detail analysis, interpretation and
discussion of the data will be presented in the next chapter that is Data Analysis and
Presentation.

4.12 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The data collection did not take place without its own set of problems and limitations. These
are enunciated below:

 A vital part of behind this research is that there would have not been any
other studies done especially like this one.
 Doing a study like this therefore supplies new and unique information but
simultaneously is can be hard to follow for researcher because there is not any
precedent research.
 Many a times, the interviews were fixed up but the interviewees did not show up. This
led to delays.
 Another major constraint in conducting of this research was the financial limitation.
 Another limitation of the study was the difficulty of making presence at different
location. It was not feasible to collect data from the respondent directly as the
questionnaire has been circulated through mails.
 It was difficult to convince sampled customers to participate in this study by
filling the questionnaire as some of them had urgent errands. The overcome this, the
researcher explained to them that the questionnaire had few items and therefore it
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 would take less than five minutes to complete. Also the researcher provided the
questionnaire to those who were willing to take part in this study.

 -          Poor Infrastructure In Colleges

 -          Lack Of Hospitals And Training Facilities
 -          Fake Hospital Records For Inspections
 -          Insufficient Staff
 -          Full-Time Staff Only On Paper, Which Never Comes To The College
 -          Poorly Trained Homeopaths Coming Out Of Such Colleges

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REFERENCES

 Cochran, P. A., Marshall, C. A., Garcia-Downing, C., Kendall, E., Cook, D.,
McCubbin, L., & Gover, R. M. S. (2008). Indigenous ways of knowing: Implications
for participatory research and community. American Journal of Public Health, 98(1),
22-27.
 Getz, D., & Brown, G. (2006). Critical success factors for wine tourism regions: a
demand analysis. Tourism management, 27(1), 146-158.
 Jamkar Dr. Arun, Dr. Ashok Mohanty, Dr. Girish Gupta, Dr. Isaac Mathai, Dr.
Eswara Das, Dr. Jayesh Shah, Dr. Mukesh Batra, Dr. Praful Barvalia, Dr. Rajan
Sankaran, Mr. Rajiv Bajaj, Dr. Sunirmal Sarkar, Dr. Sanjay Sehgal and Dr. Yogesh
Sehgal “Improve Standards of Homeopathy Education in India”,
https://www.change.org/p/homeopathy-doctors-improve-standards-of-
homeopathy-education-in-india
 Johnson, J. C. (1998). Research design and research strategies. Handbook of methods
in cultural anthropology, 1, 131-171.
 Manchanda, MD (HOM), MBA (Health Care), Deputy Director (Homoeopathy),
Directorate of ISM & Homoeopathy, Government of NCT of Delhi, is the Organizing
Secretary of the LIGA Congress 2011 in New Delhi “Homoeopathy in Public Health
Care in India – Interview with Dr. R.K. Manchanda”, http://www.informationen-
zur-homoeopathie.de/?p=575
 Manchanda, R. K. (2016). Integrating Homoeopathy in Health Care. Indian Journal of
Research in Homoeopathy, 10(1), 1.
 Owojori, A. A. (2002). Managerial research. Ado-Ekiti: Kaycee Publishers.
 Subramaian T.S.R (2016) “National Policy on Education 2016 Report of the
Committee for Evolution of the New Education Policy”, Ministry of Human Resource
Development, Government of India pp 1-5
 WHO ; Safety issues in the preparation of homeopathic medicines 2009; URL:
www.who.int/medicines/areas/traditional/Homeopathy.pdf
 Zikmund‐Fisher, B. J., Sarr, B., Fagerlin, A., & Ubel, P. A. (2006). A matter of
perspective: choosing for others differs from choosing for yourself in making
treatment decisions. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(6), 618-622.

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Web links:-

 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6947/12/76. PMID: 22840218. PMCID:

3537640. doi:10.1186/1472-6947-12-76
 http://www.nuepa.org/New/download/NEP2016/ReportNEP.pdf

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