ISSN XXXX XXXX © 2017 IJESC

Research Article Volume 7 Issue No.4

Analytical Behaviour of Multistoried Building with Base Isolation and

Cross Bracing Subjected to Earthquake Loading
Ajay. G. Singh1, Ajay k. Lohar2, Ashish T. Yadav3, S. R. Awad4
BE Student1, 2, 3, Assistant professor4
Department of Civil Engineering
Shree Ramchandra College of Engineering, Lonikand, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Abstract:
A natural calamity like an earthquake has taken a million lives throughout in our past. The force induces due to an earthquake is
dangerous and last for short duration of time. There is various techniques that can be used to resist the force of an earthquake Such as
base isolation, bracing etc. The principle of base isolation is to isolate the structure from the motion of an earthquake and protects the
structure and also reduce the forces being transmitted to the building due to the earthquake and bracing is a structural system to resist
wind and earthquake forces. In the studied base isolation and the braced building is compared and analyzed by using SAP2000
software. The analysis is done by using modal Linear time history analysis of (G+6) RCC building. Time history analysis is
performed on earthquake EL Centro 1940. The analysis on structure has been performed and response of building with base isolator
and bracing is studied. The main objectives were to study the response of earthquake by providing base isolator and Cross Bracing
building. The lead rubber bearing is used as isolator and steel section is used as bracing. the result from time history analysis like time
period, acceleration joint displacement of the frame structure were found out and studied.

Keyword: SAP2000, time history analysis, base isolation, cross bracing, time period, acceleration, displacement.

I. INTRODUCTION earthquake, due to the movement of the ground most of the

Earthquake is the natural hazards which are unpredictable in
nature. In past, due to an earthquake, there is a tremendous loss
of life and damage to property such as the structure that is made
by man. Due to present environmental condition and behavior of
tectonic plates, it has become utmost necessary for the civil
engineer to consider effects of earthquakes when designing the
building. Also, most part of India is under earthquake prone
zone, so it has become essential to consider earthquake load
while designing a structure. The theory includes in-depth
information about earthquakes, its type, causes and measuring
devices. Base isolation system used where the earthquake most
commonly occurs. Base isolation detached the building from the
superstructure and reduces the damage caused by earthquake
ground motion and prevent the superstructure by absorbing the
earthquake energy. Isolation means reducing the contact between
ground and structure.
When isolation system is placed under the structure this is known
as “base isolation”. The principles of base isolation is uncoupling
the building from damaging effect of the earthquake and provide
additional horizontal flexibility. Cross Bracing technique is use
to reinforced the building structure in which diagonal support
intersect. Cross bracing increase the stiffness of the building thus
allow building to sustain the seismic activity. From the various
technique of bracing cross bracing system is most widely used.
II. CONCEPT OF BASE ISOLATION
The concept of detaching the structure from the ground so that
minimum damage to structure occur from an earthquake. In an
building gets damage. An Example is a helicopter flying over an
earthquake is not affected because there is no contact between
earth and helicopter so, the principal is very simple. separate the
structure from ground. the ground will move but the building
will not move.
The performance of these systems depends on two main
characteristics:
1. Shifting the system fundamental frequency to a lower value
and thereby increasing the fundamental period of the structure.
2. Dissipation of energy by the isolator.
III. PRINCIPLE OF BASE ISOLATION
The principle of base isolation is very simply it changes the
response of the building which allows moving the ground below
the building so that the earthquake ground motion is not allowed
to reached the building.
A building which is rigid which have a zero-time period so
when ground move acceleration act on the structure will equal to
ground acceleration there will be no displacement between
structure and ground.
Similarly, when a building is flexible will have more time period.
When ground below the structure move zero acceleration induce
above the structure and displacement between the structures will
be equal to ground displacement.

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 displacement, as well as the bending moment in columns, the
main purpose of bracing making the frame of the structure stiff
thereby increasing the strength of frame structure.

VII CROSS BRACING

Cross bracing is used in a frame structure for reinforcing the

frame in which the diagonal member meets at a common point.
By use of cross bracing its increase the chance of a building to
withstand seismic activity. Cross bracing is most commonly used
Figure.1. Transmission of ground they are in X-shape supported by two diagonal members,this
supported member are in compression and tension forces.
IV TYPES OF ISOLATION DEVICES Depending on weather forces is a lateral force or the wind the
member of the brace are in tension and compression. It helps
Various types of isolator which are used in construction are listed make buildings more rigid so that building withstands the
below. earthquake forces.
1. Elastomeric rubber bearing
2. High Damping Bearings
3. Lead Rubber Bearings
4. Friction Pendulum Bearings
(A). lead rubber bearing
Lead rubber usually circular in shape and it is used to isolate
the base of the structure. The rubber is made by the sandwich
of natural rubber and steel plates with lead core provided at the
center of the lead rubber bearing. Rubber provides horizontal
flexibility to the base of the structure whereas lead core
provides vertical stiffness to carry the vertical load of the
structure. The damping of the rubber completely depends on Figure.3. Construction details of cross bracing
elastomeric compound and lead is used because of elastic
property it deformed when there is a movement and come back VIII OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
to the original position it does not lose its strength with
deformation. 1. To Investigate, analytically behavior of multi-storied building
with base isolation and cross bracing subjected to earthquake
loading.
2. To Study the behaviour of building under earthquake loading.

IX DETAILS OF FRAME STRUCTURE

In India IS 456: 2000 is used for designing the reinforced

Figure. 2. Lead rubber bearing
V BRACING
Bracing is the structural member that are design to withstand
wind force and lateral earthquake force. Brace member are
always in compression and in tension in most of the case brace
member are made of steel section.
concrete frame building and also IS 800: 2007 is used for
designing steel section which will be used in bracing. Model of
(G+6) story building with base isolation and cross bracing is
made by using SAP2000 software. Linear modal time history
analysis is carried out using recorded ground motion from peer
database imperial valley-02, 5/19/1940 EL Centro the model of
(G+6) story frame building are given below.

VI PURPOSE OF BRACING

A braced frame is a structural member which is commonly used Figure. 4. 3D view of model
in structures that are located in an earthquake zone. Bracing
provides stability against lateral loads such as wind and
earthquake. The braced frame member made of structural steel,
the member gives better result both in tension and compression.
The beams and columns of the frame structure are designed such
that beam and column carry vertical load bracing takes the
horizontal lateral load. Braced frames reduce lateral Figure. 5. Front view of model

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 being completely removed from the resonance of the earthquake.
In a case of base isolation, the fundamental time period of the
structure shift more than 2 sec. the dominant .0period of
earthquake range from 0.2 to 0.6 sec.

TABLE.4. TIME PERIOD RESPONSE OF BASE

ISOLATED AND CROSS BRACED FRAME BUILDING
Figure. 6. Plan of model Mode Isolated base Fixed Cross brace
1 2.112419 0.745909
3D, front view, plan view of the model is shown in (figure 4, 5, 2 2.000679 0.58046
6,). All the material property and section property of reinforced 3 1.875728 0.514694
concrete frame building. The frame of the structure consists of 5
4 0.476026 0.25177
bay in X-direction with spacing of 5m and 4 bay in Y-direction
in with spacing a of 4m, and floor to floor height are taken as 5 0.427464 0.194973
3m. 6 0.214739 0.166077
7 0.139415 0.094903
TABLE.1. MATERIAL PROPERTY
8 0.101618 0.071993
Material property Values
Grade of concrete M25, M30 9 0.080536 0.064881
Density of concrete 25 KN/m² 10 0.068979 0.05125
Grade of reinforced steel Fe415 11 0.05855 0.043202
Modulus of elasticity of 25000 MPa for M25 grade & 12 0.057367 0.028224
concrete 27386 MPa for M30 grade
Modulus of elastic of steel 2x105 MPa (B) Base Shear
Shear modulus 10416.67 MPa
Poison ratio 0.2

TABLE.2. GEOMETRY PROPERTY OF BUILDING

Structural Member Dimension
Beam 0.25m x 0.5m
Column 0.3m x 0.4m
Slab 0.140m
Bracing (tee section) 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.015m
Height of story 3m
Figure.7. Base Shear comparison
Dead load 5 KN/m²
Live load 1.2 KN/m² TABLE.5. BASE SHEAR
Masonry 13.8 KN/m²
Isolated Brace
The calculated property of rubber isolator is assign by using maximum Base shear (KN) 3131 7874
link/support properties in software and analysis of the model is Times 5.56 5.29
performed by using time history analysis, property of rubber Reduction in base shear 60.23%
isolator used are given below.[6] minimum Base shear (KN) -3159 -8358
Times 6.5 2.26
TABLE.3. PROPERTIES OF ISOLATOR Reduction in base shear 60.98%
U1 U2 U3
Linear elastic stiffness (KN/m) 1500000 800 800 (C) Displacement: The response of Lateral displacement at
Non-linear stiffness 2500 2500 roof of the building of base isolated frame structure and cross
Yield strength 80 80 brace structure when subjected to El Centro earthquake 1940 at
the base.
Post yield stiffness ratio 0.1 0.1

X. RESULTS
After completing the designing of model in SAP2000 software
the analysis is done using, linear model time history analysis of
cross brace and base isolated structure. The corresponding
displacement with respect to base, base shear, time period and
acceleration is found out. Which is shown below.

(A) Time period

Base isolation shift fundamental period of the structure from the
dominant period of an earthquake. It increases the period of the
structure with an isolated base and makes sure the structure is Figure.8. Response of displacement

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Figure. 9. Roof displacement with respect to base
(D) Acceleration
It is found that acceleration (maximum-minimum) is
approximate 38.2% more for cross brace building and is also
found that 60% of acceleration reduced for base isolation as
compare to cross brace building. figure below shows the
accleration at the roof of the frame structure.
Figure.10. Response of displacement
Figure. 11. Roof acceleration with respect to base
XI. CONCLUSION
1. Base isolation increase the flexibility at the base of the
structure which is shown (Fig. 9) horizontal flexibility helps to
minimize lateral earthquake force which is being transmitted
through the building hence base isolation reduce seismic force as
compared to the braced structure.
2. Base isolation reduces the base shear by 60.23% [table 5]
3. It has also seen that base isolation also reduces acceleration
response almost 3 times then cross-braced structure in as case of
International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, April 2017
base isolation max acceleration at roof is 2.52 m/sec² and for
cross- bracing max acceleration at roof is 6.27 m/sec².
4. The time period of the building for base isolation structure
also increases by 3 times which is 2.11sec as compared to cross
braced structure which is 0.745sec.
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