5- Mechanical Injury(1+2)Summary

Prepared By : Emad Kilany

💛 ‫ﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬

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 Mechanical Injuries‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ال‬

Injuries and dysfunction produced by application of mechanical force.

: ‫ اﻻﺳﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ اﻻﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬Causative Agents /Weapons‫اﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ال‬

Wood rode,stick‫ ﻋﺼﺎ‬، ‫رﻛﺐ اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬

Stone, brick…… ‫ﺣﺠﺎر‬
Fist, head, elbow, foot ‫ﻗﺒﻀﺔ راس ﻣﺮﻓﻖ ﻗﺪم‬
Wall, ground ‫ ارض‬، ‫ﺣﺎﺋﻂ‬
Knife, screwdriver,any other tools…… ‫ﺳﻜﻴﻦ‬
. Category ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻻﺻﺎﺑﺎت‬

: ‫ وﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻰ‬، Blunt Force Injury‫ اﺻﺎﺑﺎت‬-1

- Abrasion
- Bruise or contusion
-Laceration

: ‫ وﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻰ‬، Sharp Weapon Injury‫ اﺻﺎﺑﺎت‬-2

- Incised wound ( Cut wound)
- Punctured wound ( Stab wound)
– Firearm wound ‫ اﺻﺎﺑﺎت‬-3
a type of punctured wound ,caused by a high velocity projectile.

blunt object ‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﺪوث ﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬، Penetrated stab wound ‫ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬morphology ‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
: ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
Fracture of dislocation of a bone, tooth or joint ‫ﺗﺰﺑﻂ ﻟﻠﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﻨﺖ‬
Morphologic Features of Mechanic Injures 3-Laceration (wound)

blunt injury‫اﻗﺴﺎم ال‬ Breach of continuity of tissue involving depth more than
the covering epithelium of skin or that of an organ.
1-Abrasion
hard blunt and rough ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻻداة اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ؟‬
‫ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬superficial epithelial or mucus membrane‫ﻫﻮ ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ ﻟﻞ‬
(hard, blunt and rough) ‫ﺟﺴﻢ او ﺳﻼح‬ sharp ‫ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻛﻠﻪ‬blunt‫ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻞ‬wound‫ﻫﻮ ال‬

‫( ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺰﻳﻒ ) ﻟﻮ ﺻﺎر‬superficial) ‫ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬Features of Laceration‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ‬

‫ وﻟﻜﻦ اﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ‬، (Laceration type one ‫ﻧﺰﻳﻒ ﻣﻨﻜﻮن وﺻﻠﻨﺎ ﻟﻞ‬
1-Shape :Irregular
. ‫ او اﻧﺴﺠﺔ اﻋﻤﻖ‬subcutaneous‫ اﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻞ‬2-Margin: Irregular
3- Size : ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻداة ﻛﻢ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻻﻣﺲ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻃﺮدي‬
causative‫ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﻨﻤﻂ ال‬، ‫ﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺟﺪا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺐ اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬
object 4-Dimensions ‫اﺑﻌﺎد‬
‫ ﻳﻤﻴﻦ وﻳﺴﺎر( ﻣﺜﻼ‬، ‫ ﻓﻮق وﺗﺤﺖ‬، ‫ ) اﻣﺎم وﺧﻠﻒ‬points 6 ‫ و‬، ‫ اﺑﻌﺎد‬3 ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
2. Contusion or bruising ‫اﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺪر اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻴﺴﺎر وﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻠﻒ ﻟﻼﻣﺎم‬

5-Floor :‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رؤﻳﺔ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬

: ‫ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬.‫ﻳﻤﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻷرض‬
Effusion of blood in the subcutaneous or submucus tissue
due to extravasation of blood ,due to rupture of capillaries , 6- Damage to the tissue: always more than what it appears;
caused by application of hard blunt force like stone ,stick ,
fist blow ,feet ,etc. 7- Haemorrhage :Less in comparison with the size and
extent of the wound;
. ‫ وﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ‬derms‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ال‬epidermal‫ﻳﺤﺪث ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ال‬
8- Foreign substances at the site of
laceration;
density‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ‬bruising‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺪوث ال‬
‫ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻟﺔ ﺿﺮﻳﻨﺎ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮأس ﻳﺴﺒﺐ‬.of the tissue 9- Leaving permanent scars.
contusion ‫ ﻟﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ‬، laceration
، ‫ ﺧﻄﻴﺮة‬، ‫ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬، ‫ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬: ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻻﺻﺎﺑﺎت ﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﻄﻮرﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ‬
. ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺔ‬

infections ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ زادت ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺪﻣﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻠﺪ زاد اﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺪوى‬
‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ اﺧﻄﺮ اﻻﺻﺎﺑﺎت ﻫﻲ‬، ( Strepto coccus / Staph coccus )
‫ ﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺪوى وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻮت‬Burns ‫اﻟﺤﺮوق‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ اﺻﺎﺑﺎت وﻫﻲ اﻟﻌﻀﺔ )‪ ، (Bitting Injury‬وﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ‪ ، Blunt Laceration wound‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻀﺔ اﻻﺳﻨﺎن ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن‬
‫‪ abrasion‬ﻟﻮ زادة اﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ‪ ، contusion‬واﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻲء ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ‪. blunt laceration wound‬‬

‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ اﺻﺎﺑﺎت اﺧﺮى ﺗﺴﻤﻰ) ‪ Hesitation Cuts ( Tentative Cuts‬وﻫﻲ ﺧﻄﻮط رﻓﻴﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺪة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪. forearm‬‬

‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ اﺻﺎﺑﺎت ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‪ Defence Wounds‬ﺟﺮوح دﻓﺎع ‪،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻼح ﻗﻄﻊ ﺣﺎد ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺴﻚ اﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻔﺮة اﻟﺴﻼح ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ‬
‫اﻻﻋﺘﺪاء‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻀﺎت اﻟﺪﻓﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻠﻰ ال‪palmar aspects of the hand‬‬

‫اﺻﺎﺑﺎت ﺳﺒﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﻘﻮط‪ / Fall from Height‬ﻳﺤﺪث ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺴﻮر وﻧﺰﻳﻒ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺤﺎل ﺛﻢ اﻟﻜﺒﺪ ‪ /‬وﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻻﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻮزن‬
‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ وارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺴﻘﻮط وﺻﻼﺑﺔ اﻻرﺿﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻃﺮدي ) ﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻرض(‬

‫ﺷﺮح ﻟﻞ‪Sharp injuries‬‬

‫)‪1- Incised wounds ( cut wound‬‬

‫‪Cuts or slashes produced by the sharp edge of a weapon like ,knife ,sword ,dagger ,razor etc.‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ اﺻﺎﺑﺎت ﺣﻮادث اﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﺠﺮاﺋﻢ ﺗﻜﻮن ‪Stab wound‬‬

‫اذا ﻛﺎن ﻟﻮن اﻟﺠﺮح اﺑﻴﺾ ‪ /‬اﺻﻔﺮ ﺗﻜﻮن ‪ postmortem injury‬ﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻮﻓﺎة ﻓﺶ ﻧﺰﻳﻒ ‪.‬‬

‫) ‪2-Stab wound ( penetrated wound‬‬

‫اﻫﻢ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ‪ ، Deep‬ﺳﺒﺒﻬﺎ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻟﻪ‪ / pointed end‬اﻟﻌﻤﻖ ﻳﻜﻮن ال‪greatest dimension of punctured‬‬
‫‪ .wound‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻜﻮن اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻮل واﻟﻌﺮض‬
 ‫ﺷﺮح ﻟﻞ‪Firearm Injuries‬‬

‫‪1- Firearm Injuries‬‬

‫)رﺻﺎﺻﺔ‪Injuries caused by high velocity projects (bullets‬‬

‫)ﻣﺘﻔﺠﺮ‪or other firearm weapons (or detonator‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ اﺿﺎﺑﺔ ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺮﻋﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﺬوف ﻣﺜﻞ رﺻﺎﺻﺔ او اي ﺷﻲء ﻳﻨﻔﺠﺮ ) اﻻﺳﺎس ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮة وﺳﺮﻋﻪ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن‬
‫ﻃﺮدﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮة اﻻﺻﺎﺑﺔ(‬

‫‪2- Gunshot Injuries : A kind of punctured wound.‬‬

‫ﺟﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻳﺨﺮج ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫‪Hot gas‬‬
‫ﻟﻬﺐ ‪Flame‬‬
‫دﺧﺎن ‪Smoke‬‬
‫‪Un-burnt propellant‬‬
‫ﺣﺸﻮات ‪Wads‬‬
‫ﻃﻠﻘﺔ ‪Shot‬‬

‫‪3- Causative Agents - Guns‬‬

‫وﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻰ اﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺮة ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺪس ‪Pistols‬اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ وﻳﻮﺟﺪ وﺳﻂ وﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ‪Rifle‬‬

‫‪Component of Shotgun Bullet‬‬

‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻗﺔ او ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص ﺗﺤﺘﺮق وﺗﺆدي ﻻﻃﻼق اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ‪.‬‬
5- Morpholgical features of gunshot wound

1- Entrance of gunshot wound. ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬

2- Tract of gunshot wound. ‫ﻣﺴﺎر‬

3- Exit of gunshot wound. ‫ﺟﺮح‬

‫ﺷﻮ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﻦ ؟‬

‫ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬-3 / (‫ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺴﻼح ) اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ‬-2 / ‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻠﻲ اﻃﻠﻘﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ‬-1

A- Morpholgical features of gunshot wound will relate with shooting distance : ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬

1- Contact wound ‫اﻟﺴﻼح ﻣﻼﻣﺲ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ‬

muzzle toughing ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﺎﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﺷﻲء اﺳﻤﻪ‬

2- Near discharge wound :

muzzle within < 20 cm of skin

3- Intermediate ranges wound :

muzzle within ( 20 cm - 1 m ) of skin

4- Long ranges wound :

muzzle within ( 20 m - 30 m ) of skin
‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ‪Entrance of gunshot wound.‬‬ ‫ﻃﻮق اﻟﺸﺤﻮم‪3- Grease collar‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﺗﺸﺪه ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺼﻞ ﻷﻗﺼﻰ درﺟﺔ ﻓﻴﺘﻤﺰق‬
‫اﻟﺠﻠﺪ وﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ داﺋﺮي وﻗﻄﺮه ﻳﺴﺎوي ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Made by metallic dust and grease‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ‪on the surface of the bullet .‬‬
‫‪1- Main wound of entrance‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ؟‬
‫ﺳﺒﺒﻬﺎ ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ زﻳﺖ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬اذا اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﺿﺮﺑﺖ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺑﺰاوﻳﺔ ‪ 90‬ﻳﻜﻮن داﺋﺮي ‪circle‬‬ ‫‪4- Muzzle mark : muzzles‬‬
‫‪ -‬اذا اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 90‬واﻗﺘﺮﺑﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﺎدة ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﻴﻀﺎوي ‪.oval‬‬
‫‪pressed hard against the skin and‬‬
‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ رأس اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ اوﻻ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ وﻳﻜﻮن اﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺘﻚ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫‪imprinted a pattern from a fore-‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻓﺘﺪﺧﻞ اﻻﻧﺴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﺪاﺧﻞ ‪ , inverted inside‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺤﻮاف اﻟﺠﺮح ﻓﻴﻜﻮن ﻟﻮﻧﻬﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‪. metallic‬‬ ‫‪site .‬‬
‫اذا ﺗﻢ اﻃﻼق اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺎزات‬
‫وزﻳﺖ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ وﺗﺴﻤﻰ وﺷﻢ‪tattoo‬‬ ‫اذا ﻓﻮﻫﺔ اﻟﺴﻼح ﻣﻼﻣﺴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﺑﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺎﻟﺨﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ‬
‫ﻃﻮق ﻣﻠﻄﺦ ‪2- Contused collar‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻫﺔ واﻟﻐﺎزات‬
‫‪The surface of bullet faces a friction with the skin‬‬
‫‪surrounding the hole of entrance , causing contusion of the‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺷﻢ اﻟﺒﺎرودي ‪5- Corona :‬‬
‫‪frictioned area .‬‬
‫‪A blackesh circular zone around‬‬
‫اﺣﺘﻜﺎك اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ ﺑﺪﻣﺮ اﻻوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪wound caused by smoke in case‬‬
‫‪ , contusion‬وﻣﻤﻜﻦ اذا اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻀﺮوﺑﺔ ﺑﺰاوﻳﺔ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ ﻧﻲ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫‪ Abrasion‬ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ داﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺳﻮداء ‪of close shot‬‬
‫اﻟﻠﻮن ﺣﻮل اﻟﺠﺮح ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪﺧﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺠﻤﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻻﻧﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ دﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺟﻠﺪ رﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻓﺘﺘﻔﺮق ﻗﻮﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻈﻢ ﻓﻴﻌﻤﻞ ‪cavitaion for‬‬
‫‪ bone‬وﺗﺴﻤﻰ ‪ stare mark‬او‬
‫‪starlling‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﺮج اﻟﺠﺮح ‪2- Exit wound‬‬

‫‪1- There is no smoke , burning or powder soiling .‬‬

‫‪2- If the bullet has been flattened or distorted or if it has struck bone internally, the exit wound may‬‬
‫‪be more irregular , multiple and very large in size .‬‬
‫داﺧﻠﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺟﺮح اﻟﺨﺮوج ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ وﻣﺘﻌﺪد وﻛﺒﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺴﻄﻴﺢ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ أو ﺗﺸﻮﻫﻬﺎ أو اﺻﻄﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬

‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻧﻤﻴﺰ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺨﺮﺟﻬﺎ ؟‬

‫‪ -1‬اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻪ اﺛﺎر زﻳﺖ ودﺧﺎن واﺣﺘﺮاق اﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺨﺮج ﻻ‬

‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ ‪ inverted inside‬اﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﺮج ‪. everted outside‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﺮج اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻬﺎ اﻗﻞ ﻓﺘﺰاد اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬وﺧﺮوﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫‪ ) Laceration wound‬ﺣﺠﻤﻪ اﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ وﺣﻮاﻓﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ( ‪.‬‬

‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺮﺻﺎص ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﻪ وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﻧﺠﺴﺔ ﻟﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬رﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪: high vilocity ( 500 m/sec‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﻪ ) ‪ 400-200‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪ /‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ(‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ) اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 200‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪ /‬اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ(‬

‫اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻘﻮي او اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ) ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺠﻤﺠﻤﺔ او اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻔﻘﺮي( ﺗﻜﺴﺮﻫﺎ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺤﺪث‬
‫ﺗﻤﺰﻗﺎت ‪ tears‬ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ‪ fragmentation of bone‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﻛﺒﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺨﺮج اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮا ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ وﻗﺪ ﻳﻔﺸﻞ ﻓﻲ إﻇﻬﺎر اﻻﻧﻘﻼب‬

‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻮة ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺰام ‪ ، belt‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺟﺮح اﻟﺨﺮوج‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬
‫‪eversion‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ‪3- Canal of bullet‬‬

‫‪- The track of bullet in body .‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺮج ) ﻛﻠﻤﺎ زادت ﺳﺮﻋﻪ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ زاد ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮﻫﺎ( ‪.‬‬

‫دﺧﻮل اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻗﻨﺎﺗﻴﻦ ‪: two canals‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻗﻨﺎة ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ او ‪ permenant cavity‬ﻳﻜﻮن ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﺎوي ﻟﻘﻄﺮ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص ﻗﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﻪ واﻟﺘﺪﻣﻴﺮ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻗﻨﺎة ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ او ‪ temporary cavity‬وﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﺒﻴﺮة وﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻋﻪ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﺳﺮع ﻳﻜﻮن ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻛﺒﺮ وﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ زاﺋﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺎت ‪.waves‬‬

‫‪Forensic investigation‬‬
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻧﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺐ اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬
‫‪1- Position‬‬
‫‪2- Direction‬‬
‫‪3- Size : width , length , depth‬‬
‫‪4- Shape‬‬
‫‪5- Base of wood‬‬
‫‪6- x-ray examination .‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎ اﻃﺮاف ﻣﻦ اﻣﻮات اﻃﻠﻘﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص‬

‫ﻓﺴﺒﺐ اﻣﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ او ﺟﺮح ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﺘﺪﻣﻴﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ اذا ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
7- Death cause of mechanism injury : B- Delayed Cause :
‫ وﺗﻘﺴﻢ‬، ‫ﻫﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ اﻧﻮاع اﻻﺻﺎﺑﺎت وﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص‬
: ‫اﻟﻰ‬ 1- Infection : manengitis ,
peritonitis ......
A- Immediate cause : ( Primary)

1- Haemorrhage ‫اﻟﻨﺰﻳﻒ‬ 2- Complication of injury :

. ‫ﻫﻮ اﺧﻄﺮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﻮت‬ like , stricture of
2- Shock ‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻻﻟﻢ‬
oesophagus ,
diaphragmatic hernia ,
3- Injury th the vital organs : heart lung liver paraplagia due to spinal
brain kidney .
injury .
4- Embolism : Air , Fat , Thrombus
3- Mismatche blood
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ اذا اﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬
pulmonary artery‫اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺴﺎر ﺛﻢ ﻟﻠﺮﺋﺔ ﻓﺘﺴﻜﺮ ال‬
transfusion
suddle ‫ اﻟﺜﻨﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﻪ وﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬branch‫وﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺴﻜﺮ ال‬
4- Due to wrong treatment
5- Asphyxia : caused by intratracheal
hemorrhage ‫ﻣﺜﻞ اﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‬ or neglecant .
 ‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺎﺑﺘﺮ‬
Firearm injury /Forensic Ballistics

💛 ‫ّﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬

 ‫ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‪: Ballistics‬‬

‫‪the study of projectiles( bullets )and firearms.‬‬

‫‪Forensic ballistics is the scientific analysis or interpretation of all ballistic‬‬

‫‪related evidence with the purpose of interpreting and establishing the facts in‬‬
‫‪a shooting related crime‬‬

‫ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺬوﻓﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص واﻻﺳﻠﺤﺔ وﻳﻬﺪف اﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ اذا ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ وﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻮت ‪.‬‬

‫أدى اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﺒﺎرود ‪ gunpowder‬إﻟﻰ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻨﺎرﻳﺔ‪firearms.‬‬

‫ﻇﻬﺮ اﻟﺒﺎرود ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺬ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ أﻟﻒ ﻋﺎم ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎم اﻷول ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻗﻌﺎت‬
‫وﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ‪ weapons‬ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي )اﻟﻤﺪاﻓﻊ‪ canons‬وﻣﺎ إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎرﻳﺔ‪firecrackers‬‬
‫ذﻟﻚ(‪.‬‬

‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺒﺎرود إﻟﻰ أوروﺑﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺆد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي‪military.‬‬

‫وﺑﻤﺠﺮد أن أدرﻛﻮا ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻀﺮر اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻠﺤﻘﻪ ﻗﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﺪرع اﻟﻔﺎرس‪ knight’s armor‬أو‬
‫ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬اﻧﺘﺸﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻨﺎرﻳﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪ ) .‬اﺿﺎﻓﻮا ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﺘﺆات اﻟﺒﻮﺗﺎﺳﻴﻮم(‬
How does Gunpowder( Black Powder )work?

sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter (potassium nitrite):‫ﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ ﻣﻦ‬

.‫ ﻣﻮﻻت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز‬6 ‫ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ‬، ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻻﺷﺘﻌﺎل‬، ‫ ﻣﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺤﻮق اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬1 ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﻗﻮﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺠﺮة إﻟﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ أن‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻟﻘﻴﺎدة ﻗﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه‬
.‫ﻣﺤﺪد‬

primitive gun powder‫اﻟﺒﺎرود اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ دﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺤﻮق اﻟﺒﺎرود اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻲ‬

‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﺪر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺤﻮق‬، ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺤﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﺎدق اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬
.‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎدق وأﻗﻞ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻘﺎﻳﺎ‬

Ballistic evidence helps police answer the following questions pertaining to a crime
scene.

1. What type of firearm was used? ‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﺴﻼح‬

2. what was the caliper of the bullet?
3. How many bullets were fired?
4. Where was the shooter standing?
5. What was the angle of impact?
6. Has this firearm been used in a previous crime?
Caliber = a measure of the inside diameter of a firearm barrel.‫ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻘﻄﺮ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﺒﺮاﻣﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻼح ﻧﺎري‬.
Related evidence includes The most common types of crime scene
evidence Includes:
firearms or guns
1- bullet holes ‫اﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ‬
bullets
‫ﻓﺘﺤﻪ‬
cartridge cases
2- bullet damage on various mediums ‫ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ‬
Firearm = A weapon capable of firing a ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬
projectile using a confined explosive as a
propellant. 3-bullet trajectories
Bullet = the projectile that is released ‫وﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﺬي ﺗﻤﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺨﺮوج ﻣﻦ‬
when the firearm is discharged. ‫اﻟﺴﻼح ﻟﻠﻬﺪف‬
Bullet primer = a device for igniting the 4-gunshot wounds
5-Trajectory = the path of flight of the
powder charge
trajectory
Cartridge = a case that holds a bullet ,
primer powder and gun powder. 6- Bullet casings‫أﻏﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص‬

bullet‫اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻲء ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬

‫ ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ‬، ‫وﻫﻮ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﻢ اﻃﻼﻗﻪ وﺑﺨﺘﺮق اﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬
‫اﻻﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻮدرة اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ واﺳﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ ﺟﻮﻫﺎ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص وﻫﻮ‬، cartridge case
‫ ﺟﻮاﺗﻪ‬rim ‫ ﺗﺤﺖ اﺧﺮ اﺷﻲ ﻓﻲ‬, gunpowder
‫ او ﻳﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﺪﻳﻚ وﻫﻮ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﻢ اﻟﻀﺮب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬primer
‫ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻌﻠﺔ ﺗﺆدي ﻻﺣﺘﺮاق اﻟﺒﻮدرة واﻃﻼق‬
. ‫اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ‬
The anatomy of a cartridge‫ﺧﺮﻃﻮﺷﺔ‬
1- The bullet. It’s the actual projectile that comes out the
loud end of the gun.‫إﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﺬﻳﻔﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﺮج ﺑﺼﻮت ﻋﺎل ٍ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ‬.
2- The casing ,or shell. It encloses everything.
3- The powder. This is the stuff that combusts
and propels the bullet out of the loud end of the gun.‫ﻫﺬه‬
‫ﻫﻲ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﺮق‬
.‫وﻳﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﺎﺧﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺪس‬
The rim. This is what the extractor grabs to eject
spent casings.‫ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﺴﻚ اﻟﻨﺎزع ﻹﺧﺮاﺟﻪ‬
.‫ﻗﻀﻰ أﻏﻠﻔﺔ‬
Caliber of the Cartridge‫ﻋﻴﺎر اﻟﺨﺮﻃﻮﺷﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
the approximate internal diameter of the barrel in
relation to the diameter of the projectile used in it.
‫اﻟﻘﻄﺮ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻣﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻘﺬﻳﻔﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
Bullets ‫اﻟﺮﺻﺎص‬are named by caliber and length.
Some common calibers include45. ,44. ,38. ,357. ,25.
,22. :.
They are usually measured in hundreds of an inch.

The primer. This is what the firing pin hits ,which Ex. :A-45. caliber cartridge measures 100/45 of an
then ignites the gunpowder ,which then propels the inch in diameter.
bullet out of the loud end of the gun.
‫ واﻟﺬي‬، ‫ﻫﺬا ﻣﺎ ﻳﻀﺮﺑﻪ اﻟﻘﺎدح‬
‫ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ‬، ‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﺸﻌﻞ اﻟﺒﺎرود‬
.‫رﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺻﺎﺧﺒﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ‬
What are the basic types of bullets?
Ogive = the curve of the bullet’s
forward section

How does a firearm work?

This is a revolver ‫ﻣﺴﺪس‬
1. Barrel. The barrel is the part the bullet moves through after it is fired.‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﻴﻞ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺠﺰء‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺤﺮك ﺧﻼﻟﻪ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ إﻃﻼﻗﻬﺎ‬.

The muzzle is the open end of the barrel that the bullet exits the gun through.‫اﻟﻜﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮح ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻣﻴﻞ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺨﺮج اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ‬.

2. Action. The action is the part that has the mechanism that fires the bullet. ‫ﺟﺰء ﺑﻮﻟﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ‬

3. Grip or Stock. Is the handle. It's a grip on a handgun and a stock on a long gun.‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ إﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻀﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺪس وﻣﺨﺰون ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺪس ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻘﺒﺾ‬.

4. Trigger Guard. The piece around the trigger that protects it from getting
bumped.‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺰﻧﺎد اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام‬.

5. Trigger. The part your finger pulls to make the gun fire.‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺤﺒﻪ إﺻﺒﻌﻚ ﻹﻃﻼق اﻟﻨﺎر‬.

6. Sights. Sights come in various styles. Most firearms have a front sight at the muzzle
end of the barrel, and a rear sight at the back end of the barrel..‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻓﻲ أﻧﻤﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ وﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ‬، ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻨﺎرﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ أﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻃﺮف ﻓﻮﻫﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻣﻴﻞ‬.
Forensic officer labeling crime scene evidence
1. Make a list of all the evidence that you see in this
crime scene the forensic specialist who will analyze this
evidence in order to solve this crime.
2. Now assume the role of one forensic specialist and
report your analysis.
Example :Ballistics Expert
Weapon is fully functional and in good operating
condition.
The barrel of the weapon is clean with faint traces of
carbon observed ,consistent with a single shot being fired
following the last cleaning.
Bullet recovered from east wall of crime scene( Evidence )
03-001023 # is a ballistic match to this weapon.
Bullet recovered during autopsy( Evidence )013-001023 #
is not a ballistic match to this weapon.
‫ﺿﺎﺑﻂ اﻟﻄﺐ اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ وﺻﻢ أدﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺮح اﻟﺠﺮﻳﻤﺔ‬
‫ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﻋﺪاد ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮاﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬.1
‫ﻣﺴﺮح اﻟﺠﺮﻳﻤﺔ ﻫﺬا أﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻄﺐ اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ اﻟﺬي‬
.‫ﺳﻴﺤﻠﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷدﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺣﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺠﺮﻳﻤﺔ‬
‫ اﻓﺘﺮض اﻵن دور أﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻄﺐ اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ وأﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﻦ‬.2
.‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻚ‬
‫ ﺧﺒﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﺬوﻓﺎت‬:‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
.‫اﻟﺴﻼح ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻪ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺟﻴﺪة‬
‫ﺑﺮﻣﻴﻞ اﻟﺴﻼح ﻧﻈﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد آﺛﺎر ﺧﺎﻓﺘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ إﻃﻼق ﻃﻠﻘﺔ واﺣﺪة‬، ‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻮظ‬
.‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻷﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻧﺘﺸﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ﻟﻤﺴﺮح‬
‫( ﻫﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬03-001023 ‫اﻟﺠﺮﻳﻤﺔ )اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ رﻗﻢ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺴﻼح‬
‫اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ اﻟﺠﺜﺔ‬
‫( ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻴﺔ‬013-001023 ‫)اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ رﻗﻢ‬
.‫ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺴﻼح‬
‫‪Marks‬ﺑﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ ‪Comparison of Rifling‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ اﻛﺜﺮ اﻻﺳﻠﺤﺔ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرا وﻫﻲ اوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﺸﻦ و ‪ ، M16‬وداﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﻘﻮى ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ‪ rifled barrels‬ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺎن‪ / .‬ﺑﺮاﻣﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻃﺮد اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺑﺮﻣﻴﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ال‪ rifling‬ﻓﻲ دوراﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﺮك ال‪ rifling‬اﻧﻄﺒﺎﻋﺎت ‪ impressions‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ال‪ indentations on the bullet‬اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺴﻼح اﻟﻨﺎري اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‪.‬‬

‫‪Rifling= The process or operation of cutting spiral grooves in a rifle barrel‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ أو ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻷﺧﺎدﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﺳﻮرة اﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻧﻮاع اﻻﺳﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ال‪ Rifle‬ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺘﻮءات ﻟﻼﺳﻔﻞ‬

‫‪ , grooves‬وﻟﻼﻋﻠﻰ ‪lands‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ال‪ Smooth‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎش ﻧﺘﻮءات ‪.‬‬

‫‪Comparison Microscope‬‬ ‫‪Comparison of Firing Pin‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺎت‪ Bullets‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺴﻼح ﻧﺎري ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت‪Indentations‬‬
‫أوﻻً ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﺎر ‪ caliber‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺘﻢ إﻃﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻼح‬ ‫ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ دﺑﻮس اﻹﻃﻼق‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎري اﻟﻤﻘﺪم‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺼﻬﻢ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻧﻤﻂ ‪rifling impressions‬‬ ‫‪Examination of some ballistic‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻳﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻊ ‪ rifling impressions‬اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪ barrel‬اﻟﺴﻼح اﻟﻨﺎري ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪characteristics can be done‬‬
‫‪with the naked eye. Cartridge‬‬
‫‪ -‬إذا اﺗﻔﻘﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ إﺟﺮاء‬
‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ إﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ رﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺪ اﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ إﻟﻰ‬ ‫"‪on the left was fired from a‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ‪ bullet‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﻴﻞ‪barrel.‬‬ ‫‪Glock "automatic pistol ,as‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﺠﻬﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ‪ comparison macroscope‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺎﻫﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪for the one on the right ,it‬‬
‫‪ mounted side‬ﺟﻨ ًﺒ ﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﺐ وﻣﺘﺼﻠﻴﻦ ﺑﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﺼﺮي‪.optical bridge‬‬ ‫‪could have been fired from‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺘﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﻛﺮوﺳﻜﻮب ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص‬ ‫‪many different guns ,and‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪closer examination is‬‬
‫‪required.‬‬
Use the information below to write two lines of ‫ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺠﻦ‬، ‫ﻣﻮﻣﻴﺎ أﺑﻮ ﺟﻤﺎل ﻣﺪاﻧﺔ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬
evidence based on ballistics :One for the ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺑﺪ ﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﻓﻴﻼدﻟﻔﻴﺎ داﻧﻴﻴﻞ ﻓﻮﻟﻜﻨﺮ ﻋﺎم‬
prosecution and one for the defense. ‫ورﻓﻊ‬
ُ .1982 ‫ ﺗﻤﻮز‬/ ‫ ُﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺪام ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ‬.1981
.2012 ‫ ﻛﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬/ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﺑﻮر اﻹﻋﺪام ﻓﻲ ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‬
Mumia Abu-Jamal is an American ‫ ﺳﻴﺎرة ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻼن )ﺳﻬﻢ ﻗﺼﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ‬Mumia (5) ‫( ﺳﻴﺎرة‬4)
convict ,serving a life sentence for the 1981 ‫( ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰ )ﺳﻬﻢ‬Locust 1234
murder of Philadelphia police officer Daniel ‫ اﺗﺠﺎه ﻣﻮﻣﻴﺎ‬.‫( اﺗﺠﺎه ﻣﻮﻣﻴﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﻬﺪ‬4 ‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
Faulkner. He was sentenced to death in July . .‫ﻳﺘﻌﺎرض ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ واﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪار‬
1982 He was removed from death row in ‫ ﻋﻴﺎر اﺑﻮ ﺟﻤﺎل وﺧﻤﺲ ﻃﻠﻘﺎت ﻓﺎرﻏﺔ‬38 ‫ ﻣﺴﺪس ﻋﻴﺎر‬-
January2012 . ‫ وﺷﻬﺪ‬، ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺮﺗﺪي ﺟﺮا ًﺑﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﻒ‬.‫ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺤﺎدث‬
)4( Mumia’s car )5( Scanlan’s car( Short Arrow ‫ اﻟﻤﺸﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ وﺣﺪة ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻨﺎرﻳﺔ‬، ‫أﻧﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻮل‬
at 1234 Locust )The trajectory of the bullet ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ أن أﻏﻠﻔﺔ‬، ‫اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻹدارة ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﻓﻴﻼدﻟﻔﻴﺎ‬
inside the vestibule( Long Arrow From )4 ‫اﻟﻘﺬاﺋﻒ وﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺴﺮﻗﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻼح ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺷﻈﺎﻳﺎ‬
Mumia’s direction approaching the scene. .‫اﻟﺮﺻﺎص اﻟﻤﺄﺧﻮذة ﻣﻦ ﺟﺴﺪ ﻓﻮﻟﻜﻨﺮ‬
Mumia’s direction is in contradiction to the bullet
trajectory and the fragments found in the wall.
A 38. caliber revolver ,belonging to Abu-Jamal ,
with five spent cartridges was retrieved beside
him at the scene. He was wearing a shoulder
holster ,and Anthony Paul ,the Supervisor of the
Philadelphia Police Department's firearms
identification unit ,testified at trial that the shell
casings and rifling characteristics of the weapon
were consistent with bullet fragments taken
from Faulkner's body.
‫‪Forensics Ballistics is divided into 3 sub-categories‬‬ ‫‪( c )terminal ballistics‬‬

‫‪(a )internal :‬‬

‫دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﺬوف ‪ projectile‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﺪف أو اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺪرس ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻤﺴﺪس او اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺎﻳﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮب ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎد‪ counter-effect‬ﻟﻠﻬﺪف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺬوف‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن "اﻟﻬﺪف" أي ﺟﺴﻢ ﺻﻠﺐ أو ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪث داﺧﻞ اﻟﺴﻼح اﻟﻨﺎري ﻋﻨﺪ إﻃﻼق رﺻﺎﺻﺔ‪ .‬أﻛﺜﺮ أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻬﺪف إﻧﺴﺎ ًﻧ ﺎ أو ﺣﻴﻮا ًﻧ ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺬوﻓﺎت اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ‪internal ballistics‬ﺷﻴﻮﻋً ﺎ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﻣﻘﺬوﻓﺎت اﻟﺠﺮح"‪wound ballistics.‬‬
‫آﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ أﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻎ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ ‪accidental discharg‬‬

‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﻣﺤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﻊ‪ home-made devices‬ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺎدرة‬ ‫اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻟﻔﺤﻮﺻﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺬوﻓﺎت اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪terminal:‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ اﻟﺬﺧﻴﺮة ‪ ammunition‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫‪ballistics examinations‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮي واﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻄﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ وﻋﻠﺐ اﻟﺨﺮاﻃﻴﺶ‪fired bullets‬‬

‫‪ and cartridge‬ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺳﻼح ﻧﺎري ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إﻃﻼق اﻟﻨﺎر واﻟﻬﺪف‪firing point.‬‬
‫‪.and target‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﻬﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ‪ comparison microscope‬ﻫﻮ ﺟﻬﺎز ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت‬
‫ﺟﻨ ًﺒﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﺐ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺗﺠ ﺎ ﻋﻦ رﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ أم ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬إﺛﺒﺎت ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﺟﺮح ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ً‬
‫‪(b )external‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻴﺎر ‪ caliber‬وﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﻘﺬوف اﻟﺬي ﺗﺴﺒﺒﺖ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﻮﻫﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺪس واﻟﻬﺪف وﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ‪/ trajectories‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث أﺿﺮار ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص أو اﻟﻨﻴﺮان‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺤﺪد درﺟﺔ اﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر وﻣﺪى اﻟﻤﺴﺪس وﻧﻮﻋﻪ‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻓﺤﺺﻣﺨﺮج ‪ /‬ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص ﺑﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب ﻓﻲ اﻷﻫﺪاف‬
‫‪The study of the projectile’s flight from the moment it leaves the‬‬ ‫أو اﻟﺠﺮوح ﻓﻲ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪muzzle of the barrel until it strikes the target.‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﻮﻋﺎن اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋً ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺤﻮﺻﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺬوﻓﺎت اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻫﻤﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﻓﺤﺺ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت اﻻرﺗﺪاد‪ ricochet‬واﻟﻘﺬاﺋﻒ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)أ( ﺣﺴﺎب وإﻋﺎدة ﺑﻨﺎء ‪ reconstruction‬ﻣﺴﺎرات اﻟﺮﺻﺎص‬
‫)ب( ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺪى اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫اذا اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﺿﺮﺑﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻲء وارﺗﺪت اﻟﻤﻀﻄﻠﺢ‬

‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰاﻻرﺗﺪاد‪ ricochet‬وﻫﻲ اﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬
Gunshot Injuries

The seriousness of gunshot wounds depends on 5 factors

1- kinetic energy of the bullet

2- distance to the target ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ زادت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ‬
3- type of tissue ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ واﻟﺘﺪﻣﻴﺮ‬

4-tumbling (flipping around or going straight through) ‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺪث ﺣﻮل اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ‬

5- bullet design ex. hollowpoint, vs. round nose etc. ‫ﺷﻜﻞ وﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ‬

Gunshot Wounds( GSW)

: ‫أﻧﻮاع ﺟﺮوح اﻟﺮﺻﺎص‬

entrance wound‫ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ وﻻ ﺗﺨﺮج ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬Penetrating‫ ال‬-1

entrance and exit wound‫ ﺗﻈﺨﻞ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ وﺗﺨﺮج ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬Perforating‫ ال‬-2

What happens when a bullet enters the body?

: two cavities (hollow spaces)‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ ﺑﺘﺴﺒﺐ‬

small permanent cavity‫ ﺑﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬Low power bullets‫ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬-

very large temporary cavity (like a splash in water)‫ ﺑﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬High power bullets‫ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬-
.massive wounds‫ وﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬and a permanent cavity
Distance Determination
: (‫ اﻧﻮاع )ﻣﺸﺮوﺣﺎت ﻗﺒﻞ‬٤‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻃﻼق اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻰ‬

1- Distant shot --no powder burns on the skin ,no pieces of unburnt powder( called stippling ,)a slight grey
smudge around the entrance wound called bullet wipe( lubricant ,lead ,powder ,and other materials)

2- Intermediate shot--no powder burns ,stippling is present( the larger the surface that has stippling ,the further
the shot was taken from ,)bullet wipe present on the wound

3- Near Contact shot--powder burns on skin ,clothing and hair ,stippling is present in a very narrow area ,bullet
wipe hard to see because of other materials present

4- Contact shot--Powder burns present ,clothing and skin may be torn from the introduction of gases ,stippling
inside the wound
Range of Fire

: ‫ اﻗﺴﺎم‬3 ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻰ‬

1- Contact- characteristically have soot on the outside of the skin ,and

muzzle imprint ,or laceration of the skin from effects of gases.

2- Close range or Intermediate range-Intermediate ,or close-range ,wounds

may show a wide zone of powder stippling ,but lack a muzzle imprint and
laceration.

3-Distant range-are lacking powder stippling and usually exhibit a hole

roughly the caliber of the projectile fired.
Contact Wounds

‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺴﻼح ﻣﻼﻣﺲ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ‬

: ‫ وﻫﻲ‬muzzle‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬

The cherry-red color of the blood is

probably due to carbon monoxide
from the incomplete Combustion
of gunpowder.

‫وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﻪ‬

. ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬rip and tear‫اﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﺴﺒﺐ‬

Stippling or Tattooing

‫ﻫﻲ ﺗﺼﻒ اﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﻮل‬

. ‫ﺟﺮح اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﺮب اﻟﺴﻼح ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬
Tissue

-the more dense the tissue the greater the damage( will create permanent cavity)
ex. muscle is more dense than lung tissue
-the more elastic the tissue the less damage because will NOT create a permanent
cavity
ex. muscle tissue is more elastic than organ tissue

‫ واذا اﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﻣﺮن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮه اﻗﻞ‬, peritoneal cavity ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻻﻧﺴﺠﺔ اﻗﻞ ﻳﺰداد اﻟﺘﺪﻣﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
. ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ اﻻﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﻣﺪﻣﺮة اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻀﻼت ﻻﻧﻪ اﻻﺧﻴﺮة ﻣﺮﻧﺔ‬
What is Gunshot Residue( GSR? Time-lapsed image showing a
bullet exiting from the barrel. 
) Streaks of burning gunpowder ,
smoke ,and unburned particulate
can be seen exiting the barrel as
well. 
Gunshot residue is composed
of 2 substances
(a )propellant( Gun Powder)
(b )primer

Difference between a Revolver

and a Pistol

‫ ﻫﻲ اﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻮرة‬Pistol‫ال‬
‫ ﻫﻲ اﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬Revolver ‫ال‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﺣﻮن‬
. ‫ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻮرﺗﻪ ﻗﺼﻴﺮة‬