Application of quantum mechanics to

some simple systems

Application of quantum mechanics to some simple systems

 Particle in a 1D box

Find the average position of a particle in a box.

What is the variance in x for PIB? ∆2x = hx2 i − hxi2
A particle of mass 2×10−26 gm is in a 1D box of length 400 nm.
Find the frequency and wavelength of the photon emitted when this
particle goes from n=3 to n=2 level.
 Particle in a 1D box

Find the average position of a particle in a box.

What is the variance in x for PIB? ∆2x = hx2 i − hxi2
A particle of mass 2×10−26 gm is in a 1D box of length 400 nm.
Find the frequency and wavelength of the photon emitted when this
particle goes from n=3 to n=2 level.

Is it possible for a particle in a box to jump from n=2 to n=4 level?

 Particle in a 2D box
Consider the particle in a 2D box. Let the lengths of the box be L1 and
L2 along X and Y directions, respectively. Solve the TISE and find the
eigenfunctions and eigenvalues. Use the separation of variables procedure.

~2 ∂2 ∂2
 
Ĥ = − 2
+ 2
2m ∂x ∂y
 Particle in a 2D box
Consider the particle in a 2D box. Let the lengths of the box be L1 and
L2 along X and Y directions, respectively. Solve the TISE and find the
eigenfunctions and eigenvalues. Use the separation of variables procedure.

~2 ∂2 ∂2
 
Ĥ = − 2
+ 2
2m ∂x ∂y

Ψ(x, y) = φ1 (x) ∗ φ2 (y)

 Particle in a 2D box
Consider the particle in a 2D box. Let the lengths of the box be L1 and
L2 along X and Y directions, respectively. Solve the TISE and find the
eigenfunctions and eigenvalues. Use the separation of variables procedure.

~2 ∂2 ∂2
 
Ĥ = − 2
+ 2
2m ∂x ∂y

Ψ(x, y) = φ1 (x) ∗ φ2 (y)

Results:

   
2 n1 πx n2 πy
Ψn1 n2 (x, y) = √ sin sin
L1 L2 L1 L2
2
 2 2

h n1 n
E n1 n2 = + 22
8m L21 L2
 Particle in a 2D box

n=1,m=1
2 πx πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2
 Particle in a 2D box

n=1,m=1
2 πx πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2
"wav.1.1" using 1:2:3

1
0.9
1 0.8
0.7
0.9 0.6
0.8 0.5
0.4
0.7
0.3
0.6 0.2
0.5 0.1
0
0.4
0.3
0.2 1
0.9
0.1 0.8
0.7
00 0.6
0.1 0.2 0.5
0.3 0.4 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.3
0.7 0.8 0.2
0.1
0.9 1 0
 Particle in a 2D box

n=1,m=1
2 πx πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2
"wav.1.1" using 1:2:3 "wav.1.1" using 1:2:4

1 1
0.9 0.9
1 0.8 1 0.8
0.7 0.7
0.9 0.6 0.9 0.6
0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5
0.4 0.4
0.7 0.7
0.3 0.3
0.6 0.2 0.6 0.2
0.5 0.1 0.5 0.1
0 0
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3
0.2 1 0.2 1
0.9 0.9
0.1 0.8 0.1 0.8
0.7 0.7
00 0.6 00 0.6
0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.5
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3
0.7 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.9 1 0 0.9 1 0
 Particle in a 2D box

n=1,m=2
2 πx 2πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2

Application of quantum mechanics to some simple systems

 Particle in a 2D box

n=1,m=2
2 πx 2πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2
"wav.1.2" using 1:2:3

1
0.8
1 0.6
0.4
0.8 0.2
0.6 0
-0.2
0.4
-0.4
0.2 -0.6
0 -0.8
-1
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6 1
0.9
-0.8 0.8
0.7
-1 0 0.6
0.1 0.2 0.5
0.3 0.4 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.3
0.7 0.8 0.2
0.1
0.9 1 0

Application of quantum mechanics to some simple systems

 Particle in a 2D box

n=1,m=2
2 πx 2πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2
"wav.1.2" using 1:2:3 "wav.1.2" using 1:2:4

1 1
0.8 0.9
1 0.6 1 0.8
0.4 0.7
0.8 0.2 0.9 0.6
0.6 0 0.8 0.5
-0.2 0.4
0.4 0.7
-0.4 0.3
0.2 -0.6 0.6 0.2
0 -0.8 0.5 0.1
-1 0
-0.2 0.4
-0.4 0.3
-0.6 1 0.2 1
0.9 0.9
-0.8 0.8 0.1 0.8
0.7 0.7
-1 0 0.6 00 0.6
0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.5
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3
0.7 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.9 1 0 0.9 1 0

Application of quantum mechanics to some simple systems

 Particle in a 2D box

n=2,m=3
2 2πx 3πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2
 Particle in a 2D box

n=2,m=3
2 2πx 3πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2
"wav.2.3" using 1:2:3

1
0.8
1 0.6
0.4
0.8 0.2
0.6 0
-0.2
0.4
-0.4
0.2 -0.6
0 -0.8
-1
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6 1
0.9
-0.8 0.8
0.7
-1 0 0.6
0.1 0.2 0.5
0.3 0.4 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.3
0.7 0.8 0.2
0.1
0.9 1 0
 Particle in a 2D box

n=2,m=3
2 2πx 3πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2
"wav.2.3" using 1:2:3 "wav.2.3" using 1:2:4

1 1
0.8 0.9
1 0.6 1 0.8
0.4 0.7
0.8 0.2 0.9 0.6
0.6 0 0.8 0.5
-0.2 0.4
0.4 0.7
-0.4 0.3
0.2 -0.6 0.6 0.2
0 -0.8 0.5 0.1
-1 0
-0.2 0.4
-0.4 0.3
-0.6 1 0.2 1
0.9 0.9
-0.8 0.8 0.1 0.8
0.7 0.7
-1 0 0.6 00 0.6
0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.5
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3
0.7 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.9 1 0 0.9 1 0
 Particle in a 2D box

n=1,m=1
2 2πx 3πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2
 Particle in a 2D box

n=1,m=1
2 2πx 3πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2

1
0.9
1 0.8
0.9 0.7
0.8 0.6
0.7 0.5
0.6 0.4
0.5 0.3
0.4 0.2
0.3 0.1
0.2
0
0.1
0

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0 0.6
0.1 0.2 0.5
0.3 0.4 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.3
0.7 0.8 0.2
0.1
0.9 1 0
 Particle in a 2D box

n=1,m=1
2 2πx 3πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2

1 1
0.9 0.9
1 0.8 1 0.8
0.9 0.7 0.9 0.7
0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6
0.7 0.5 0.7 0.5
0.6 0.4 0.6 0.4
0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3
0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1
0.2 0.2
0 0
0.1 0.1
0 0

1 1
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
0.7 0.7
0 0.6 0 0.6
0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.5
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3
0.7 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.9 1 0 0.9 1 0
 Particle in a 2D box

n=1,m=2
2 2πx 3πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2
 Particle in a 2D box

n=1,m=2
2 2πx 3πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2

1
0.8
1 0.6
0.8 0.4
0.6 0.2
0.4 0
0.2 -0.2
0 -0.4
-0.2 -0.6
-0.4 -0.8
-0.6
-1
-0.8
-1

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0 0.6
0.1 0.2 0.5
0.3 0.4 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.3
0.7 0.8 0.2
0.1
0.9 1 0
 Particle in a 2D box

n=1,m=2
2 2πx 3πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2

1 1
0.8 0.9
1 0.6 1 0.8
0.8 0.4 0.9 0.7
0.6 0.2 0.8 0.6
0.4 0 0.7 0.5
0.2 -0.2 0.6 0.4
0 -0.4 0.5 0.3
-0.2 -0.6 0.4 0.2
-0.4 -0.8 0.3 0.1
-0.6 0.2
-1 0
-0.8 0.1
-1 0

1 1
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
0.7 0.7
0 0.6 0 0.6
0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.5
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3
0.7 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.9 1 0 0.9 1 0
 Particle in a 2D box

n=2,m=3
2 2πx 3πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2
 Particle in a 2D box

n=2,m=3
2 2πx 3πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2

1
0.8
1 0.6
0.8 0.4
0.6 0.2
0.4 0
0.2 -0.2
0 -0.4
-0.2 -0.6
-0.4 -0.8
-0.6
-1
-0.8
-1

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0 0.6
0.1 0.2 0.5
0.3 0.4 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.3
0.7 0.8 0.2
0.1
0.9 1 0
 Particle in a 2D box

n=2,m=3
2 2πx 3πy
Ψ(x, y) = sin sin
L L L

Ψ Ψ2

1 1
0.8 0.9
1 0.6 1 0.8
0.8 0.4 0.9 0.7
0.6 0.2 0.8 0.6
0.4 0 0.7 0.5
0.2 -0.2 0.6 0.4
0 -0.4 0.5 0.3
-0.2 -0.6 0.4 0.2
-0.4 -0.8 0.3 0.1
-0.6 0.2
-1 0
-0.8 0.1
-1 0

1 1
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
0.7 0.7
0 0.6 0 0.6
0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.5
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3
0.7 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.9 1 0 0.9 1 0
 Particle in a 2D box
0.95 0.95
0.9 0.9
0.85 0.85
0.8 0.8
0.75 0.75
1 0.7 1 0.7
0.65 0.65
0.9 0.6 0.9 0.6
0.55 0.55
0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5
0.7 0.45 0.45
0.4 0.7
0.4
0.6 0.35 0.6 0.35
0.3 0.3
0.5 0.25 0.5 0.25
0.2 0.2
0.4 0.15 0.4 0.15
0.1 0.1
0.3 0.05 0.3 0.05
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1 0 0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
1 0.7
0.65
0.9 0.6
0.55
0.8 0.5
0.7 0.45
0.4
0.6 0.35
0.3
0.5 0.25
0.2
0.4 0.15
0.1
0.3 0.05
0.2
0.1
Application of quantum mechanics to some simple systems
 Problem

We have seen the problem of a particle in a 2D box. What about “Two

particles in a 1D box?”