CASE STUDY PAGE 343 AND 358

Q1: Identify and describe the problem discussed in this case. What management, o
rganization, and technology factors contributed to the problem?
Ans: Soma Bay faced several problems which were quite hard to overcome as man
aging several businesses with similar costs made it difficult to gather information p
roperly. A manual force was unable to handle such huge loads of data, which waste
d ample number of employees precious time. Also, a chance of error was having a
greater probability since human intervention is a must to keep trach and minimize e
rrors. Lastly, huge amount of managers time was also wasted on making the desire
d business reports manually and analyzing them.

Q2: Why was an E R P system required for a solution? How did having a cloud ba
sed ERP system contribute to the solution?
Ans: For such a large company, an automated software was the most essential requ
irement in order to monitor and control the incurring costs and revenues. Therefore,
a well-designed and highly valued ERP was company's necessity. This was a step t
owards business growth and development, also playing a key role in effective decis
ion making. Moreover, data exchange is made through cloud-based ERP system w
hich ensure that data is safe even though data centers get destroyed due to any natu
ral disaster for
instance.

Q3: What were the business benefits of Soma Bay's new enterprise system? How di
d it change decision making and the way the company operated?
Ans: It helps the data required to closely track costs, providing information about c
ash management and cash flow for sustaining the expansion level. Helps monitor c
ash flow and payments to contractors. The provided financial data helped manager
s carefully control fixed operating expenses, helping to minimize losses. It helped t
o show the impact of falling occupancy rates on the business, excluding foreign ex
change effect, to help management measure overall performance by legal entity.

Q4: What was the problem at Kenya Airways described in this case? What people,
organization, and technology factors contributed to this problem?
Ans: Problem with airways was that it was unable to identify it is market/customer
s which made it difficult to take benefit from the opportunity. Company was unabl
e to make effective campaigns and stored data on spreadsheets and files making it
difficult to merge. People never complained about the old system, neither provided
any feedback about any difficulty or problem which arose. Moreover, organization
lacked the communication ways with customers not improving the relationship. Te
chnology was not sophisticated enough to indulge in fast decision making.

Q5: What was the relationship of customer relationship management to Kenya Air
way's business performance and business strategy?
Ans: Airline lacked knowledge about customers. It used billboards, flyer, newspap
ers used as a source of promotion but were unable to analyze the effectiveness of a
dvertisement. Also, since most the data was manual, so proper suggestions could n
ot be provided to customers despite their needs and wants.

Q6: Describe Kenya Airways solution to its problem. What people, organization, a
nd technology issues had to be addressed by the solution?
Ans: Due to a shift towards online business, the multiyear program it adopted work
ed automatically, merging with usage of service clouds which helps to connect fir
ms with customers matching the right criterion. It helped improved firm's relations
hip with customer, along with high level decision making due to sophisticated tech
nology (efficient and quick) and displaying several opportunities for firm to organi
zation.

Q7: How effective was this solution? How did it affect the way Kenya Airways ran
its business and its business performance?
Ans: very effective as in only 2 weeks airline was automated to an extent posting a
bout several deals for better promotion through emails, texts etc. made firm's camp
aigns pretty effective. Reachable contacts of the airline rose from 40 to 89% while
open rates on marketing emails rose from 40% to 65%

CHAPTER 8: Page 10

Q1: How dangerous are Spectre and Meltdown? Explain your answer.
Meltdown and Spectre allows cyber criminals to steal information from almost any
computer, mobile device or even from the cloud. Meltdown works by the attacker
accessing the program running on a computer to gain access to the data from all
over that device machine that the program shouldn't be able to see in a normal
circumstance. This includes any data inside the machine which could possibly link
to the administrative sensitive information. where all user I and passwords are
stored. Meltdown have been known to affect certain types of Intel chips produced
since 1995.
On the other hand, Spectre is not specific and affects almost all the modern
processors and is difficult to neutralize as an online security threat than is
Meltdown. Spectre works through the process of speculative execution. It lets
devices do some work ahead of time to speed up routine tasks, but this creates a
security vulnerability that is hard to anticipate and hence it tricks the system into
incorrectly anticipating application behavior. So, whenever computers perform
calculations that aren't actually needed, the results are thrown away. This data ends
up in an unsecured part of the computers cache memory, where unauthorized users
can access it through a side channel.
Today since computers and several mobile devices share system resources with
many applications and environments which may be beneficial but when
unprotected data through speculative execution ends up in shared memory it can
become a serious problem. Cyber criminals use a side channel to sneak in and
hijack the data. The worse being that they can actually trick the computers into
loading any data, like passwords and account information into the shared memory
so they can steal it.
On the bright side, patches have been created to protect many affected systems and
products.
These issues have been brought to the attention of several major technology
companies so that they can create patches that can possibly block Meltdown and
Spectre. According to experts, its critical to install this patch right away and stay
up to date to the latest releases of operating systems. The best way is to change the
whole design and architecture of the new processors. The reality is that computers
will always have some security issues and that is why its so important to have as
many engineers and developers looking at these vulnerabilities and for companies
to come together and solve problems that affect all users.

Q2:Compare the threats of Spectre and Meltdown to cloud computing centers,

corporate data centers, and individual computer and smartphone users.
Spectre and meltdown both are vulnerabilities, the specter allows the user to access
the program from the random location which is allocated in the memory whereas
the meltdown allows accessing all the memory of the system instead of the
allocated one.
1. Cloud computing centers
Cloud computing is the provider of online resources such as networking, storage,
database, and so on. The specter and meltdown have unauthorized accessed these
resources from the cloud providers such as Amazon AWS, Google Cloud, and so
on.
2. Corporate data centers
These two vulnerabilities cause the storage applications, and reliability of the
system, The main impact is that performance where which reduces the system's
performance.
3. Individual computers
This increases the threat of counterattacks by stealing sensitive information from a
personal computer. These also exploit the CPU(Central Processing Unit)
vulnerability and gradually decrease the performance of the processor.
4. Smartphone users
In smartphones, these are attacked through malicious web pages or applications.
Then take control of the device by hacking sensitive information, photos, and so on
from the device.

Q10: How would you protect against Spectre and Meltdown if you were running a
public cloud computting center, if you ran a corporate data center, and if you were
an individual computer user?

Case study chapter 9: Here are some questions to think about: How is Avon’s
business model affected by having an inefficient supply chain? How did JDA
software tools improve the way Avon ran its business?

Ans: To improve how the company dealt with product availability and inventory,
Avon implemented JDA Software’s Manufacturing and Intelligent Fulfillment
solutions to centralize planning for demand, inventory, and supply across its entire
global enterprise. The software helps Avon achieve consistent forecast accuracy in
an environment that includes challenges of shorter product life cycles, seasonality,
multiple sales channels, frequent promotions, and continuously changing localized
shopper preferences. JDA Intelligent Fulfillment helps companies make intelligent
and profitable distribution decisions. The software helps reduce inventory levels
and costs, improve customer service, and support more agile, profitable, and
responsive operations, meeting the needs of many different types of Avon markets
in a single implementation

9-13 Why would supply chain management be so important for Clemens Food
Group?
-Since Clemens Food Group is a perishable company, the procurement of raw
materials and supplying to customers are bound to very tight timelines. If the
procurement or supply is delayed, the goods cannot be used, resulting in a huge
loss to the business of the company. Furthermore, the storage time of the goods is
also limited so it is not possible to store the goods for a long time and all supply
chain operations must follow a specific pattern (FIFO) in order to avoid perishing
of goods.
-Supply chain perishable goods is a costly issue, as it involves refrigeration of
movable and immovable storage. Therefore, in the perishable goods business, the
supply chain plays the most important role for Clemens Food Group
9-14 What problem was the company facing? What management, organization,
and technology factors contributed to the problem?
-Based on the information in the case study, the company is facing problems
related to the management and purchasing of raw materials timely. The main
reason for the above problems is the company uses outdated technology to keep
track of their orders and inventory at factories.
-One of the important factors that caused the company to deal with that problem:
1. Lack of management focus on continuously developing technology for Clemens
Food Group.
2. 2. The technology that Clemens Food put into business was used 15 years ago, it
is really too outdated to be strictly managed. Therefore, they spend a lot of time on
the initial stage and lose connection with the phases of different departments
9-15 Was SAP S/4HANA a good solution for Clemens Food Group? Explain your
answer
- SAP S / 4 HANA is a good choice for Clemens Food at the moment because it is
designed to integrate with the various supplier and customer platforms to control
orders and materials being procured.
- Furthermore, the SAP S / 4 HANA program also provides kinds of reports
suitable for a variety of purposes such as tracking orders, shipping goods, goods
being purchased, reports on various costs involved in procurement and logistics
apart from providing simplified and summarized reports for the management
9-16 What management, organization, and technology issues had to be addressed
to implement SAP S/4HANA at Clemens Food Group?
- SAP S / 4 HANA integrates with many operating platforms to help Clemens
Food control customer orders and the number of goods being purchased. This helps
managers to have a more positive view to plan upcoming activities and avoid
wasting product excess, helping to reduce losses for the company.
- Moreover, this also helps the company to reduce product storage time, helping
the company to provide more fresh products. On the other hand, the gap between
the different departments is also narrowed by providing online information about
account receivables and payable accounts payable