Coordinates: 6.853°S 107.

095°E

2022 West Java earthquake

On 21 November 2022, at 13:21 local time, a Mww 5.6
2022 West Java earthquake
earthquake struck near Cianjur in West Java, Indonesia. At
least 271 people died, 2,043 were injured and 40 remain
missing. More than 56,230 homes were damaged in
Cianjur.[1] The earthquake was strongly felt in Jakarta.

Contents
Collapsed building in Cianjur Regency
Tectonic setting
Earthquake
Impact
Casualties
Search and rescue
Aftermath
Response UTC time 2022-11-21 06:21:10
See also ISC event 625234413 (http://isc-mirr
References or.iris.washington.edu/cgi-
External links bin/FormatBibprint.pl?evid
=625234413)
USGS-ANSS ComCat (https://earthquak
Tectonic setting e.usgs.gov/earthquakes/e
ventpage/us7000ir9t)
Java lies near an active convergent boundary that separates
Local date 21 November 2022
the Sunda Plate to the north and the Australian Plate to the
south. At the boundary, marked by the Sunda Trench, the Local time 13:21 WIB (UTC+07:00)
northward-moving Australian Plate subducts beneath the Magnitude 5.6 Mww
Sunda Plate. The subduction zone is capable of generating
Depth 11 km (7 mi)
earthquakes of up to magnitude 8.7, while the Australian
Plate may also host deeper earthquakes within the downgoing Epicenter 6.853°S 107.095°E
lithosphere (intraslab earthquakes) beneath the coast of Java. Type Strike-slip
The subduction zone produced two destructive earthquakes
Areas Indonesia
and tsunamis in 2006 and 1994. An intraslab earthquake in
affected
2009 also caused severe destruction.[2]
Max. VI (Strong)
Compared to the highly oblique convergence across the plate intensity
boundary in Sumatra, near Java, it is close to orthogonal.
However, there is still a small component of left-lateral strike- Landslides Yes
slip that is accommodated within the over-riding Sunda Plate. Casualties 271 dead, 2,043 injured,
The Cimandiri Fault is one of the structures thought to be 40 missing
responsible. [3] Field investigations, combined with
morphometric analysis show that the Cimandiri Fault zone is a relatively broad zone of faulting and folding,
with six segments identified. Older parts of the fault zone show evidence of dominant left-lateral strike-slip,
while younger parts show mainly oblique slip, with a mixture of reverse faulting and left-lateral strike-
slip.[4]

Earthquake
According to the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), the earthquake occurred
at a depth of 11 km (7 mi), classifying it as a shallow event.[5] It had a strike-slip focal mechanism,[5] and is
associated with seismic activity on the Cimandiri Fault or Padalarang Fault, although the exact source is
undetermined.[6] The Cimandiri Fault is 100 km (62 mi) long and runs along the Mandiri River. It stretches
from Palabuhanratu Bay to Cianjur Regency. It is a strike-slip fault with a small vertical component along
the section from Palabuhanratu Bay to southeast of Sukabumi. Along with the Lembang and Baribis Faults,
these structures can generate damaging earthquakes.[7]

The earthquake may also have been produced along another fault. An engineering geology professor at
Padjadjaran University said the epicenter location, 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Cimandiri Fault trace, makes it
unlikely to be the source. The possible source fault was one that had been buried under volcanic deposits
from Mount Gede.[8]

A Modified Mercalli intensity of V–VI was felt in Cianjur while an intensity of IV–V was felt at Garut and
Sukabumi. In Cimahi, Lembang, Bandung City, Cikalong Wetan, Rangkasbitung, Bogor and Bayah, the
earthquake was felt at an intensity of III.[5] By 23 November at 07:00, 169 aftershocks were recorded with
magnitudes between 1.5 and 4.0.[9]

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) stated that the earthquake occurred as a result of strike-slip
faulting within the crust of the Sunda Plate. Focal mechanisms indicate that the rupture occurred on either a
steeply dipping north-striking, right-lateral strike-slip fault, or a steeply dipping east-striking left-lateral
strike-slip fault. Its location is 260 km (160 mi) northeast of the subduction zone.[10]

Earthquakes have been recorded in Cianjur since 1844. In 1910, 1912, 1958, 1982 and 2000, earthquakes
caused damage and casualties in the area.[11] Cianjur was also affected by an 1879 earthquake that claimed
lives. Shallow inland earthquakes in Java are infrequent but deadly. In 1924, near Wonosobo, about 800
people died from two earthquakes. Four other earthquakes in the 20th century caused between 10 and 100
deaths. The 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake was also a shallow crustal earthquake, killing 5,749 people.[12]

Impact
Despite the moderate size of the earthquake, its shallow depth caused strong shaking.[13] Earthquakes of
such size are usually associated with light damage but the shallow depth and poor construction factored in
the destruction.[14] The National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB) stated that the extent of
damage to homes and buildings is still being assessed,[15] but described the damage as "massive".[16]
Damage occurred in 12 of the 32 districts of Cianjur Regency—Cugenang District was the worst
affected.[17]

At least 56,230 homes were damaged,[1] including 22,241 homes which were heavily damaged.[18][19] At
least 11,641 and 22,090 homes had moderate and light damage, respectively. Thirty one schools, 124
religious buildings, 13 offices and three health facilities were also damaged.[18] A shopping mall
collapsed.[20] Two government office buildings, three schools, a hospital, a religious facility and an Islamic
boarding school were damaged.[20][21] The Ministry of Religious Affairs stated 21 mosques were
damaged.[22]
Landslides cut off roads.[23] A landslide along Puncak-Cipanas-
Cianjur national road forced a traffic diversion. Toppled trees,
uprooted power poles and downed power cables also occurred along
roads.[24] The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources said two
landslides occurred in Cugenang District. One measured 44 m (144 ft)
and 16  m (52  ft) high while the latter measured 162  m (531  ft) and
45 m (148 ft) high.[25]

Power outages affected more than 366,000 homes, of which 89

percent were already restored.[26][27] At least 681 homes, six schools
and 10 religious buildings were damaged in Sukabumi Regency. No
deaths were recorded there although 11 people were injured and 58
families were displaced.[28] In Caringin Subdistrict, Lebak Regency,
two schools and 89 houses were damaged, and a person was
injured.[29] Seventy eight homes, a madrasah, and an Islamic boarding A simulated strong ground motion
school were damaged in Bogor Regency.[30] map showing shaking intensity

The earthquake was felt strongly in Jakarta, Indonesia's

capital, causing residents to flock to the streets. High-rise
buildings swayed and were evacuated.[31]

Casualties
At least 271 people died according to the BNPB,[32]all had
been successfully identified.[33] Most of the deaths were A building in Cianjur Regency with facade
caused by collapsing buildings. A majority were students of damage
several schools who died after being hit by falling debris.[34]
The BNPB revealed that 37 percent of those killed were
children.[35] In Cikancana, a village in Gekbrong District, six students died from head injuries.[36] The
bodies of 10 people were found beneath a landslide in Cugenang District.[17][37] On 22 November, the
official death toll was reported at 62.[38] Later, it was misreported as 162 by West Java Governor Ridwan
Kamil after combining unverified oral reports of 100 deaths with the previous official figure.[39] Casualty
numbers were likely to rise as victims were still buried under building debris, and one area was obstructed
by a landslide.[40][41]

A further 2,043 people were injured and up to 40 people remain missing,[32][42] possibly buried under
collapsed structures.[43][44] Thirty nine people were missing in Cugenang and one in Warung Kondang.[32]
Dozens of students were injured by falling debris at their schools.[45] The injured were taken to the four
hospitals around Cianjur.[46] Due to a large number of injured arriving at Cianjur Hospital, a field hospital
was constructed in the parking lot.[47] At Cimacan Hospital, 237 people received treatment—150 were
released while 13 others died.[48] A further 61,000 people were displaced.[32][49]

Search and rescue

The Indonesian Medical Association mobilized 200 doctors,[50] while the National Search and Rescue
Agency mobilized personnel and equipment to five affected areas.[51] Search and rescue teams were
deployed to locate the missing. Helicopters conducted aerial surveys and evacuated people.[52] As many as
796 personnel were distributed across 12 districts to search for missing individuals.[53] The governor of
West Java, Ridwan Kamil, called for the Jabar Quick
Response Team to respond. The team would arrive in the
Cugenang, Warung Kondang, and Pacet Cipanas areas of
Cianjur Regency.[54]

Aftermath
Search and rescue teams searching for
Survivors in Cianjur constructed makeshift tents in public survivors in a collapsed structure
spaces or their yards. On 22 November, a survivor stated that
they were still self-dependent because no assistance has been
given.[55] For fear of aftershocks, residents did not return to their homes. In Pamoyanan village, Cianjur
District, 150 residents spent the night under a pavilion. Others slept along roadsides or under the overhangs
of shops. Food was still unavailable on the morning of 22 November.[56]

On 22 November, the Ministry of Social Affairs established 1,000 large tents in the seven affected districts.
Ready-to-eat food items and a public kitchen were also supplied.[57] Thirty five personnel including five
health professionals from Husein Sastranegara Air Force Base visited the affected area. The base also
supplied food, medicine, kitchen appliances and logistics.[58] More than 1,000 soldiers from nearby units
were dispatched to the area.[59]

According to the BNPB, homes that were damaged will be reconstructed with earthquake resistance.[60]
Ministry of Public Works and Housing mobilized personnel and heavy equipment to clear trees and
landslide debris on roads.[61] Electricity was cut from Cianjur District.[62] Perusahaan Listrik Negara
(PLN) workers were deployed to restore power to 366,675 customers after the earthquake affected 1,957
substations.[63] By the morning of 22 November, 1,802 substations were functioning and electricity was
restored in 89 percent of the area.[64]

Response
President Joko Widodo directed the minister of public works
and housing, Basuki Hadimuljono, to survey the damage.
Basuki arrived in Cianjur Regency on 21 November at
9:45 pm.[65] According to President Widodo, residents whose
homes were heavily and moderately damaged would receive
50 million and 25 million rupiahs in assistance, respectively.
Ten million rupiahs would be given to homes with light
damage.[66] The BMKG urged residents to be wary of
potential flash floods and rain due to unstable slopes. The
agency's head, Dwikorita Karnawati, stated that materials on
unstable slopes could be washed away, triggering floods and President Joko Widodo visits a landslide
landslides. Residents were also advised not to visit slopes and triggered by the earthquake
riverbanks due to the risk of flash floods.[67]

See also
List of earthquakes in 2022
List of earthquakes in Indonesia

Earthquakes <M6.0 with a high death toll

 1883 Casamicciola earthquake
1960 Agadir earthquake
1977 Bob–Tangol earthquake
1983 Popayán earthquake
1994 Mascara earthquake

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External links
The International Seismological Centre (http://www.isc.ac.uk/) has a bibliography (http://isc-
mirror.iris.washington.edu/cgi-bin/FormatBibprint.pl?evid=625234413) and/or authoritative
data (http://isc-mirror.iris.washington.edu/cgi-bin/web-db-v4?event_id=625234413&out_form
at=IMS1.0&request=COMPREHENSIVE) for this event.
ReliefWeb's main page (https://reliefweb.int/disaster/eq-2022-000363-idn) for this event.

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