CÂU GIẢ ĐỊNH (Subjunctive)

I. Được thể hiện bằng động từ nguyên mẫu không có to cho tất cả các ngôi (ngôi thứ 3 cũng không thêm s )
1.  Dùng với động từ:-Mệnh đề đi sau các động từ sau thì chia theo thức giả định:
S+ suggest, recommend, insist, propose, urge, order, demand, require, advise….+ (that) + S2 + ( shuold ) + V
bare
ex: I suggested that she go out.(hoặc ...she should go out)
The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking.
2.Dùng với tính từ.
·         Một số các tính từ đòi hỏi mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định, trong câu bắt buộc phải có that và động từ
sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ to ( bare infinitive )
advisable necessary recommended urgent
important obligatory required imperative
mandatory proposed suggested essential
   
It + be + adj + that + S + V bare
 
Ex1: It is necessary that he find the books.
Ex2: It has been proprosed that we change the topic.
3. Dùng với danh từ
       tất cả các danh từ xuất phát từ những động từ và tính từ trên thì mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định,
There is suggestion from the doctor that the patient stop smoking.
There is recommendation that the vehicle owner be present at the court
WISH
1. S+wish + S+ would + V
- ước cho tương lai: I wish I would become a doctor in the future.
- Lời phàn nàn: I wish the man next door wouldn’t play music so loudly
I wish it wouldn’t rain/ it would stop raining.
I wish the dog would stop barking.

2. S+wish + S+ V past
Ước k có thật ở hiện tại
I wish I were taller now.
I wish I could travel around the world now.

3. S+wish + S+ had + VpII

Ước k có thật ở quá khứ: He wishes he had attended the meeting yesterday.
Exercise
Exercise 1
What would you suggest that he_____?
a. will do b. would do c. do d. did
5. I wish my wife_____ better now.
a. would be b. was c. be d. were
6. He wishes he_____ the college that year.
a. entered b. had entered c. would enter d. has been entering
7. It is necessary that he_____ a certificate in English?
a. will get b. gets c. get d. would get
8. I demand that I_____ to retake the exam.
a. be allowed b. am allowed c. will be allowed d. were allowed
9. I am not an interpreter, but I certainly wish I _____
a. shall be b. was c. were d. am
10. I wish you_____ quiet a moment, I can't hear what_____
a. would keep/ the compere is saying b. kept/ the compere said
c. will keep/ the compere saying d. had kept / had the compere said
14. It was a lovely day; we wish we_____ at Long Hai beach.
a. have been b. were c. are d. had been
15. The king ordered that Gulliver_____ ser free
a. be b. is c. will be d. would be
16. It is essential that Mary_____ speak English.
a. be able to b. is able to c. was able to d. must be able to
17. He suggested that I_____ tolerant of other people.
a. am b. was c. be d. would be
18. My doctor insisted_____
a. that I diet b. me to diet c. for me dieting d. for me to diet
19. Everyone urged that Bill_____ his education.
a. continue b. continuing c. to continue d. continued
20. The director requests that all packages_____ at the central office.
a. to mail b. be mailed c. to be mailed d. mailing
Exercise 2
1. It is necessary that she_____ now.
a. gone b. goes c. go d. went
2. It is important that your sister_____ information technology.
a. chooses b. choose c. chose d. chose
3. It is imperative that you_____ careful on construction site.
a. to be b. were c. are d. be
4. It is advisable that she_____ care of he mother.
a. to take b. takes c. take d. took
5. The teacher ordered that the students_____ talking.
a. stop b. should stop c. stopped d. a or b
6. I wish I _____ David Beckham.
a. am b. is c. was d. were
7. I wish you_____ here yesterday.
a. were b. had been c. to be d. were
8. I wish the rain_____ soon.
 a. stop b. stops c. stopped d. would stop
9. I wish I _____how to control the tsunami.
a. know b. knew c. to know d. to have known
10. She insisted that we _____ our holiday in Dalat.
a. had spent b. spent c. should spend d. a or b
14. “Did your grandmother give you that watch?”
“Yes, she insisted_____ it”.
a. that I took b. I will take c. on my taking d. for me to take
16. “Marie practices the piano so early in the morning”. – “We asked_____, but she won’t”.
a. that she stops b. her to stop c. her stopping d. for her stop
17. “The weather seems very dry here”. – “Seldom_____ in this area”.
a. it rains b. does it rain c. rains it d. it does rain
18. Only in the last few years_____ to use home computers.
a. have begun people b. when people began c. have people begund. people have begun
20. “What time should Eric start to work?” – “I suggest_____ here about 7L30”
a. that he be b. that he will be c. him to be d. him being

Would rather ( muốn)

1.Loại có một chủ ngữ:
a-Hiện tại: S + would rather + V ( verb bare inf )
S + would rather +not+ V ( verb bare inf
Jonh would rather go to bed now.
Jonh would rather not go to bed now.
b-Quá khứ: S + would rather + have VpII
S + would rather +not+ have VpII
Jonh would rather have prepared for the lesson last night.
( In fact, John didn’t prepare for the lesson last night.)
Jonh would rather not have prepared for the lesson last night.
2.Loại có hai chủ ngữ:
a- Đối lập với thực tế ở hiện tại:
Động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 chia ở quá khứ đơn, to be là were cho tất cả các ngôi.
S1 + would rather (that)+ S2 + Vpast
S1 + would rather (that)+ S2 + didn’t+Vbare inf
He would rather his girl friend worked in the same department as he does.
( His girl friend doesn’t work in the the same department)
I would rather that it were winter now. ( In fact, it is not winter now)
b-Đối lập với thực tế ở quá khứ:
S1 + would rather (that)+ S2 + had + VpII
S1 + would rather (that)+ S2 +hadn’t + VpII
I would rather you had gone to class yesterday.
He would rather his girl friend hadn’t left him.( wish)
 - Would rather do ST than do ST
- Wpuld prefer to do ST rather than do ST
- Prefer to do ST rather than do ST
- Prefer doing ST to doing ST
Ex1 :Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form
1. I’d rather you /didn’t drive/_(not/drive) so fast, Pat
2. Sue went to France this year, but she says she would rather /have gone/ (go) to Spain.
3. It’s a shame you missed the party; I would rather you /had been/_ (be) there.
4. John had better /not to speak/_ (not/speak) to me like that again.
5. He says he’d rather __/cook/___ (cook) his own food than eat in restaurants.
6. I’d rather you _/didn’t mention/___ (not/mention) this to anyone until next week.
7. Tim’s mother would rather he __/worked/_____ (work) closer to home than he does.
8. She would prefer to meet you personally rather than __ __ ____talk___ (talk) to you over the phone.
9. Sean prefers playing football to _ __ ___watching______ (watch) it.
10. Would you rather ___V ________ (write) in ink or in pencil?
11. Sheila prefers _ __ ____to V_____ (get up) early in the morning rather than _ _____V______ (oversleep)
12. Would he prefer _ _ ___to V______ (drive) to work tomorrow rather than cycle?
13. My father prefers to have a beard rather than _____V___ (have) a shave every day.
14. Tom prefers __ __ _Ving_______ (ski) to ___ Ving__ _______ (skate).
15. Wouldn’t you prefer to sit on this seat rather than __ _ __V_______ (stand) for the whole journey?
16. We’d better __ V___ (take) some money for a taxi in case we __ V____(miss) the bus home.
17. We would rather ____ _ V_________ (stay) at home tonight.
18. Mr. Jones would rather ___ ___have stayed________ (stay) at home last night.
19. The policeman would rather __ ___V________ (work) on Saturday than on Sunday.
20. Maria would rather that we ____ __Ved_______ (study) more than we do.
21. George would rather ___ ___not V ________ (not study) tonight.
22. The photographer would rather _____ V_________ (have) more light.
23. The photographer would rather that we _ ___ _______(stand) closer together than we are standing.
24. Carmen would rather ___ ____ _______ (not cook) for the entire family.
25. She would rather that you __ __ __________ (not arrive) last night.
EX 2: Choose the correct option:
26. She ...................... eat a salad than a hamburger. (would rather /prefer)
27. They .................... dogs. They don't like cats. (would rather /prefer)
28. I ......................  stay home today. (would rather /prefer)
29. We ....................... watching basketball. (would rather /prefer)
30. Usually people ......................... warm weather. (would rather /prefer)
31. I ....................... buy the blue shirt. (would rather /prefer)
32. Why do you ....................... going out with Tom? (would rather /prefer)
33. I ....................... have the meeting at 6 pm.    (would rather /prefer)
34. Normally, we ....................... going to the beach. (would rather /prefer)
35. I ....................... watch the football game. (would rather /prefer