DUCt design

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DUCT
Ducts are pipe or passages used in HVAC to deliver and
remove air ,For example, supply air, return air, and
exhaust .As such, air ducts are one method of ensuring
acceptable indoor air quality as well as thermal
comfort. The duct are mostly classified on basis of velocity
,pressure and shape.

Function of Duct
Classification of Duct
Economic factors influencing duct layout
Duct design methods
•dynamic losses & its determination
•Requirement of air distribution system
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Duct layout

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• It is simplest and quickest method of duct design.
• It is based on selection of duct velocities by designer using
limiting noise generation and pressure loss.
• The designer reduces the velocity in subsequent section based
on his experience. The size is drawn be using velocity and
discharge from chart.
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• This method is based on principle that friction rate per unit length
in entire duct system would be maintained constant.
• This can be used by any engineer with knowledge of friction chart.
• For low pressure system friction factor is taken as 0.8 to 1.2 pa/m
with duct velocity not exceeding 10 m/s. 17
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• This With the static pressure recovery method the secondary and branch
ducts are selected to achieve more or less the same static pressure in front of
all outlets or inlets.
• The major advantage of the method are more common conditions for outlets
and inlets. Unfortunate the method is complicated to use and therefore
seldom used.
• It is used in those part of high pressure system where initial duct velocity
pressure is sufficient to give static pressure regain without unnecessarily low
duct velocity at the end od run.

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 Friction rate can be kept constant at 0.08 inch/100Ft of duct length.
 Air flow to be taken from load calculation of that area.
 Restrict aspect ration to 4:1 maximum.
 Velocity to be kept as per application
 Comfort AC
a. Low velocity-1200 -1500 FPM
b. High Velocity –above 2500 FPM
 Industrial Application
a. Low velocity-1200 -1500 FPM
b. High Velocity –above 2500 FPM

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 Grill and Diffusers
• Grill is a device for supplying or extracting air vertically without any
deflection.
• Diffusers are defined as air terminal devices that distribute conditioned air
in various directions through the use of its deflecting vanes.
• Material used for grill –Aluminum , Mild Steel ,Stainless steel ,Plastic

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Types of Grille and
Diffuser
There are several types of
grille and diffuser to choose
from, as follows;
1. Egg grate grille
2. Bar grille
3. Transfer grille
4. Louvre bladed diffuser
5. Straight bladed diffuser
6. Linear slot diffuser

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1.Egg Crate Grille
1. The Egg Crate Grille is probably one of the
simplest
and cheapest grilles.
2. If air is to be removed by an extract
ventilation
system then a diffuser with profiled blades to
direct
the air is not necessary and an egg grate grille
can be
used.
3. A grille with a cubical grid core to be used
for
return or exhaust where maximum free area is
desired and see-through is not a concern.
Typically
used in ceiling applications where see-through
sight
lines are minimized to directly below the grille

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 2.Linear Grille

• The blades of this type of grille are shaped as

a bar compared to a narrow
blade.
• The bar profile may be ‘T’ shaped to reduce
‘see through’ visibility.
• It can be used in horizontal and vertical
position.

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3.Transfer Grille
1. These are often used in doors and walls to
provide ventilation but stop the
spread of smoke and fire should it occur. An
intumescent fire damper is
incorporated in some Transfer grilles as a
means of isolation in the event of a
fire.

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4. Louvre Bladed Diffuser

• These are used to supply air at ceiling level.

• The curved blades deflect air in one, two,
three or four directions depending
on where the diffuser is situated.

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