Cairo site

Environmental analysis
Climatic conditions:
In Cairo, the summers are long, hot, humid, arid, and clear and the winters are cool, dry, and
mostly clear. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 10°C to 35°C
and is rarely below 8°C or above 39°C.
Temperature range:

Figure 1: Temperature ranges in Cairo Figure 2: Timetable plot for hourly temperatures in Cairo
- The hot season lasts for 4.6 months, from May 14 to October 2, with an
average daily high temperature above 32°C. The hottest month of the year in
Cairo is August, with an average high of 35°C and low of 24°C.
- The cool season lasts for 3.0 months, from December 3 to March 3, with an
average daily high temperature below 22°C. The coldest month of the year in
Cairo is January, with an average low of 10°C and high of 19°C.
Sky cover:

Figure 3: Sky cover in Cairo

- In Cairo, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences
significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
- The clearer part of the year in Cairo begins around May 24 and lasts for 4.9
months, ending around October 20. The clearest month of the year in Cairo is
August, during which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly
cloudy 99% of the time.
- The cloudier part of the year begins around October 20 and lasts for 7.1
months, ending around May 24. The cloudiest month of the year in Cairo is
December, during which on average the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 27%
of the time.
Sun hours:

Figure 4: Hours of daylight in Cairo

Figure 5: Sunrise and sunset in Cairo
 - The length of the day in Cairo varies significantly over the course of the year.
In 2022, the shortest day is December 21, with 10 hours, 13 minutes of
daylight; the longest day is June 21, with 14 hours, 5 minutes of daylight.
- The earliest sunrise is at 4:53 AM on June 11, and the latest sunrise is 1 hour,
59 minutes later at 6:52 AM on January 10. The earliest sunset is at 4:54 PM
on December 3, and the latest sunset is 2 hours, 6 minutes later at 7:00 PM on
July 1.
Sun shading:
Summer-
Winter- Fall:
spring: June to
December to December
June

Figure 7: Sun shading graph in Cairo (2)

Figure 6: Sun shading graph in Cairo (1)
- Through winter and spring 14% of the morning hours lies in the comfort zone
while about 50% of the morning hours is cold and in need of sun radiation to
achieve comfort.
- Through summer and fall 14% of the morning hours lies in the comfort zone while
more than 70% of the morning hours is hot and in need of strong shading elements
to achieve comfort.
Humidity:

Figure 8: Timetable plot for humidity in Cairo Figure 9: Humidity comfort levels in Cairo
 - Cairo experiences extreme seasonal variation in the perceived humidity.
- The muggier period of the year lasts for 13, during which time the comfort level is
muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 16% of the time.
- The month with the muggiest days in Cairo is August, with 19.4 days that are
muggy or worse.
- The month with the fewest muggy days in Cairo is January, with 0.0 days that are
muggy or worse.

Wind:

Figure 10: Timetable plot for wind speed in Cairo

Figure 11: Wind rose in Cairo
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-
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- The average hourly wind speed in Cairo experiences mild seasonal variation
over the course of the year.
- The windier part of the year lasts for 4.5 months, from March 7 to July 25,
with average wind speeds of more than 4.0 meters per second. The windiest
month of the year in Cairo is June, with an average hourly wind speed of 4.5
meters per second.
- The calmer time of year lasts for 7.5 months, from July 25 to March 7. The
calmest month of the year in Cairo is December, with an average hourly wind
speed of 3.6 meters per second.
- The predominant average hourly wind direction in Cairo varies throughout the
year.
- The wind is most often from the north for 9.8 months, from February 23 to
December 18, with a peak percentage of 86% on August 28.
- The wind is most often from the west for 2.2 months, from December 18 to
February 23, with a peak percentage of 35% on January 1.
 Precipitation and rainfall:

Figure 12: Precipitation rate in Cairo Figure 13: Rainfall rate in Cairo
 - Cairo does not experience significant seasonal variation in the frequency of
wet days (i.e., those with greater than 1.00 millimeters of liquid or liquid-
equivalent precipitation).
- The frequency ranges from -0% to 3%, with an average value of 1%.
- Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone,
snow alone, or a mixture of the two. The month with the most days of rain
alone in Cairo is February, with an average of 0.9 days.
- Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation
throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 3% on January 16.
- The sliding 31-day quantity of rainfall in Cairo does not vary significantly
over the course of the year, staying within 3 millimeters of 3 millimeters
throughout.

Conclusions:
1. Psychometric chart:

Figure 14: Psychometric chart in Cairo

 - Internal heat gain and sun exposure strategies are needed through winter
months to achieve thermal comfort.
- Natural and fan-forced ventilation, along with high thermal mass night
flushed, sun shading for the windows and evaporative cooling strategies
are needed through summer months to achieve thermal comfort.

2. Micro-climate:
- The area with highest
thermal comfort in the site is
the north west zone as it
receives the highest
percentage of wind and the
sun exposure hours are after
midday.
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3. Design guidelines
 4. Noise pollution:
The site has very high rate of noise pollution due to:
- the mixed land use within the site and in the area surrounding it
- heavy traffic throughout the day as it overlooks one of the most important bridges in
Egypt – 6 October bridge that is essential in the automobile transportation.
- The variety of transportation modes around the site from trains in the main train
station to buses and taxis on the street beside the regular cars traffic.
- Irresponsible behavior of residents within urban areas.

Noise level: Measured noise pollution in the area (decibel). The accepted level is between 0-
70 decibel. Comply with the executive chart of environmental law (1994). However, the
frequency-noise level chart shows that ramses square (16 Hz-63 Hz) has increased noise
levels, due to cars.
Suggested solutions:
- Increase the percentage of open green spaces but use high dense hedges with different
heights on the edges of the land to filter the sounds.
- Use water features as a source of white noise.
 5. Suitable Urban Agriculture plants:
Since there’s high pollution rates in the site, and due to the hot weather and the water
shortage. It’s recommended to adapt indoor urban agriculture techniques, to enhance the
indoor environment quality and reduce water waste by evaporation.
Urban Agriculture will have both economic and health benefits, where people will work on
planting their own crops and selling it as a business and also using it in their own kitchens to
achieve self-sufficiency.
Herbs and microgreens are always popular choices for indoor gardening because they’re
compact and fast growing. the most popular ones are:
- Various varieties of basil are excellent choices for their versatility and ease of
growing.
- Cilantro, sometimes called coriander, is a favorite for several types of cuisine.
- Several types of mint, including peppermint, do well in hydroponic systems.
- Oregano is another popular and versatile herb for hydroponic growing.
- A favorite herb for home chefs, Rosemary works well in nearly any growing system.
Leafy greens are popular for all sorts of reasons. In the world of vertical farming and they
tend to be quick-growing. In the category of leafy greens, there are several options:
- Various members of the chard family, including rainbow chard or swiss chard, are
excellent options.
- Lettuces are a favored option as they are typically preferred for salads and
sandwiches. Consider arugula, butterhead, red leaf lettuce, and romaine, and
they’re easy to sell.
- Kales are enjoying high popularity due to their high nutritional value.
- Spinach is useful in many recipes, and also makes for a nutrient-packed salads.
Indoor urban farming has a lot of techniques with different scales and application methods
depends on the available resources and the target products. Also,new technologies makes it
easier every day, some of these techniques are:
- Hydroponics
- Aeroponics
- Vertical gardens
- Clean room greenhouses
- Grow tower
- Grow box