7

7.1 LEARNING OUTCOMES

Form in Architecture
Rita Tekippe, Jeffrey LeMieux, and Pamela J. Sachant

After completing this chapter, you should be able to:

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purposes
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7.2 INTRODUCTION
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or layout of the structure, materials used in its creation, or spatial considerations as they relate to
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Page | 175
INTRODUCTION TO ART CHAPTER SEVEN: FORM IN ARCHITECTURE

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detail the ritual uses, meanings, and
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and their decoration, in Chapter 10
Art and Ritual Life: Symbolism of
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supporting the parts of the structure
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the post-and-lintel design in
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7.3 RESIDENTIAL NEEDS

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INTRODUCTION TO ART CHAPTER SEVEN: FORM IN ARCHITECTURE

Figure 7.2 | 5HFRQVWUXFWHG-ŮPRQSHULRG Figure 7.3 | Recreation of a Celtic Roundhouse

BC) houses. Author: User “FruitMonkey”
Author: User “Qurren” Source: Wikimedia Commons
Source: Wikimedia Commons License: Public Domain
License: CC BY-SA 3.0

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Author: User “Omar hoftun”
The use of stone for building
Source: Wikimedia Commons structures began in prehistoric times,
License: CC BY-SA 3.0

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INTRODUCTION TO ART CHAPTER SEVEN: FORM IN ARCHITECTURE

Figure 7.5 | Old settlement Sjara Brae in Orkney Island, Scotland

Author: User “Chmee2”
Source: Wikimedia Commons
License: CC BY-SA 3.0

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seafood used in the commercial Source: Wikimedia Commons
License: Public Domain
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type, from the second-century Figure 7.8 | Palace of Dur-Sharrukin
Author: Encyclopedia Britannica
&(5RPDQSRUWWRZQRI2VWLD Source: Wikimedia Commons
Antica, called an insula, License: Public Domain

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Source: Wikimedia Commons
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for his military garrison, a central
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Artist: Ernest Hébrard
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persecutor of Christians and retired Source: Wikimedia Commons

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a large audience hall, a grand portal, courtyards, hous-
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model Christian ruler, and although it has been en-
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across from it, and the com-
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Author: User “Rambling Traveler”
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Figure 7.15 | Courtyard of Doge’s Palace

Author: User “Benh LIEU SONG”
Source: Wikimedia Commons
License: CC BY-SA 4.0

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rooms and council chambers, all

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mansions in cities and at the seaside

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7.4 COMMUNITY AND GOVERNMENT

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)LJXUH_,OOXVWUDWLRQ'HSLFWLQJWKH%DVLOLFD8OSLD Figure 7.27 | National Mall and Washington

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Community needs for ceremony and en-

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and ritual functions that are priestly duties, there is no restriction for lay people entering the sanc-
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3DJH_
INTRODUCTION TO ART CHAPTER SEVEN: FORM IN ARCHITECTURE

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traditions resulting in the stupa form
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Figure 7.53 | Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Istanbul, Turkey
Author: User “Dersaadet”
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orientation remains consistent regardless of
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The most basic architectural form for Christian congregational churches is the basilica, a
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Roman basilica had an entrance on one long side that led to the large open interior space, the
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Figure 7.54 | Diagram of old St. Peter’s Basilica
structures until the Gothic era, and Author: User “Locutus Borg”
WKH¿OWHUHGOLJKWWKDWSOD\HGDPRQJ Source: Wikimedia Commons

WKHVWUXFWXUDOFRPSRQHQWV License: Public Domain

3DJH_
INTRODUCTION TO ART CHAPTER SEVEN: FORM IN ARCHITECTURE

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and a model for church architecture, but it
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used the basilica, or Latin cross, plan, but
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Author: Angela Rosaria
Source: Wikimedia Commons
License: CC BY-SA 3.0

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in the circular plan, such as that used for the
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Figure 7.56 | Drawing and reconstruction of
the Constantinian Basilica, Rome
Artist: H. W. Brewer
Author: User “Lusitana”
Source: Wikimedia Commons
License: Public Domain

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the placement of the altar does not need to
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Artist: Georg Dehio
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Author: User “Fb78”
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3DJH_
INTRODUCTION TO ART CHAPTER SEVEN: FORM IN ARCHITECTURE

)LJXUH_)ORRUSODQRI$PLHQV&DWKHGUDO Figure 7.59 | Basilica of St.

Artist: Georg Dehio Denis
Author: User “Mattis” Author: User “Ordifana75”
Source: Wikimedia Commons Source: Wikimedia Commons
License: Public Domain License: CC BY-SA 3.0

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seen in the rebuilt choir at that Abbey
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3DJH_
INTRODUCTION TO ART CHAPTER SEVEN: FORM IN ARCHITECTURE

Figure 7.62 | Bourges Cathedral

Author: User “sybarite48”
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Source: Wikimedia Commons
of the Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of
License: CC BY 2.0
Amiens
Author: User “BuzzWikimedia”
Source: Wikimedia Commons
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buttress is a load-bearing component located outside
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and the addition of the rose window, a circular stained
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Figure 7.63 | Reims Cathedral, France
Author: Magnus Manske
Source: Wikimedia Commons
License: CC BY-SA 1.0
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center of their communities usually, especially if they
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architectural and sculptural ornamentation to teach the
3DJH_
INTRODUCTION TO ART CHAPTER SEVEN: FORM IN ARCHITECTURE

doctrines of the Church, Bible stories, and the accounts

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The architects, masons, and sculptors responsible for these
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and Gothic cathedrals remained the dominating forms
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Figure 7.64 | Ambulatory of the Basilica
of St. Denis
Author: User “Beckstet”
Source: Wikimedia Commons
License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Figure 7.65 | Martyrs, Chartres Cathedral
Author: User “Ttaylor”
Source: Wikimedia Commons
License: CC BY-SA 3.0
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Chartres Cathedral
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Source: Wikimedia Commons
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3DJH_
INTRODUCTION TO ART CHAPTER SEVEN: FORM IN ARCHITECTURE

Christian churches of all denominations today generally

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number of elegantly simple nondenominational chapels set into
Figure 7.67 | Nave of the Salisbury
Cathedral, Wiltshire, UK
Author: User “Diliff”
Source: Wikimedia Commons
License: CC BY-SA 3.0
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Architect: E. Fay Jones
Author: Clinton Steeds
Source: Wikimedia Commons
License: CC BY-SA 2.0
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of using simple, local materials to thoroughly integrate structure
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Architect: E. Fay Jones
Author: User “Bobak”
Source: Wikimedia Commons
License: CC BY-SA 2.5
3DJH_
INTRODUCTION TO ART CHAPTER SEVEN: FORM IN ARCHITECTURE

7.7 BEFORE YOU MOVE ON

.H\&RQFHSWV

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7.8 KEY TERMS

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INTRODUCTION TO ART CHAPTER SEVEN: FORM IN ARCHITECTURE

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